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Erscheinungsjahr
- 2015 (125) (entfernen)
The aim of this study was to investigate the optimization of the strength development of quaternary cements with 50 % clinker by a variation of the particle size distribution of the components GGBFS, fly ash and limestone powder.
By balancing the overall PSD of the cement by using unprocessed fly ash and coarse limestone powder in combination with a very fine GGBFS, the water demand of the resulting quaternary cements remained unaltered, while the compressive strength of the cements was increased significantly after 7d, 28 and 56d. As can be expected, the quaternary cement with 30 wt.% of the fine slag exhibited a stronger strength increase (about 18 % after 28 d) than the cements with only 20 wt.% slag (about 10% after 28d).
The sizing of simple resonators like guitar strings or laser mirrors is directly connected to the wavelength and represents no complex optimisation problem. This is not the case with liquid-filled acoustic resonators of non-trivial geometries, where several masses and stiffnesses of the structure and the fluid have to fit together. This creates a scenario of many competing and interacting resonances varying in relative strength and frequency when design parameters change. Hence, the resonator design involves a parameter-tuning problem with many local optima. As its solution evolutionary algorithms (EA) coupled to a forced-harmonic FE simulation are presented. A new hybrid EA is proposed and compared to two state-of-theart EAs based on selected test problems. The motivating background is the search for better resonators suitable for sonofusion experiments where extreme states of matter are sought in collapsing cavitation bubbles.
Performing parameter identification prior to numerical simulation is an essential task in geotechnical engineering. However, it has to be kept in mind that the accuracy of the obtained parameter is closely related to the chosen experimental setup, such as the number of sensors as well as their location. A well considered position of sensors can increase the quality of the measurement and to reduce the number of monitoring points. This Paper illustrates this concept by means of a loading device that is used to identify the stiffness and permeability of soft clays. With an initial setup of the measurement devices the pore water pressure and the vertical displacements are recorded and used to identify the afore mentioned parameters. Starting from these identified parameters, the optimal measurement setup is investigated with a method based on global sensitivity analysis. This method shows an optimal sensor location assuming three sensors for each measured quantity, and the results are discussed.
The Laguerre polynomials appear naturally in many branches of pure and applied mathematics and mathematical physics. Debnath introduced the Laguerre transform and derived some of its properties. He also discussed the applications in study of heat conduction and to the oscillations of a very long and heavy chain with variable tension. An explicit boundedness for some class of Laguerre integral transforms will be present.
The p-Laplace equation is a nonlinear generalization of the Laplace equation. This generalization is often used as a model problem for special types of nonlinearities. The p-Laplace equation can be seen as a bridge between very general nonlinear equations and the linear Laplace equation. The aim of this paper is to solve the p-Laplace equation for 2 < p < 3 and to find strong solutions. The idea is to apply a hypercomplex integral operator and spatial function theoretic methods to transform the p-Laplace equation into the p-Dirac equation. This equation will be solved iteratively by using a fixed point theorem.
In der modernen Arbeitswelt ist es üblich betriebliche Aufgaben extern zu vergeben. Dieser Vorgang wird in der Wirtschaft Outsourcing genannt und beschränkt sich in der Regel auf Arbeiten, welche nicht zu den Kernkompetenzen eines Unternehmens gehören. Wenn diese Arbeiten durch spezialisierte Unternehmen übernommen werden ergeben sich Potenziale, die weit über eine bloße Kostensenkung hinausgehen. Der Kern dieser Arbeit bezieht sich auf die Auslagerung von sogenannten Nebentätigkeiten im Zusammenhang einer Bauwerksausführung. Dabei werden die arbeitsrechtliche Situation, Machbarkeit und Sinnhaftigkeit analysiert.
Das Arbeitsrecht im Baugewerbe ist überaus komplex und von starren Regelungen geprägt. Die für allgemeinverbindlich erklärten Tarifverträge gelten gemeinhin für alle Betriebe, die überwiegend bauliche Tätigkeiten ausüben. Problematisch wird die tarifliche Zuordnung für Betriebe, welche die Nebentätigkeiten übernehmen und für gewöhnlich nicht in den Geltungsbereich der Tarifverträge fallen. Bei der Vergabe von Nebentätigkeiten mit Hilfe von Werk- oder Dienstverträgen bedarf es einer genauen Klärung, ab wann eine unerlaubte Arbeitnehmerüberlassung beginnt.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit soll untersucht werden, inwieweit eine Auslagerung der baulichen Nebentätigkeiten durch eine Werk- oder Dienstvertragsvergabe an die Grenzen der arbeitsrechtlichen Gegebenheiten stößt. Zusätzlich wird eine tarifliche Einordnung der Tätigkeiten vorgenommen.
Der Text folgt in essayistischer Form einem Spaziergang durch das politische Zentrum Brasílias in Brasilien. Die Konzentration liegt auf der Gestaltung des Bodens. Wie ist die Planhauptstadt „vom Reißbrett“ in der Horizontalen gestaltet? Wie sehen repräsentative Plätze einer Stadt aus, die vor allem für Autos gebaut worden ist? Der forschende Blick liegt auf dem erlebten Ist-Zustand und wird assoziativ mit Ergebnissen der Forschungsarbeit aus Deutschland reflektiert. „Mächtiger Boden“ entstand als Satellit zur aktuellen Forschung der Autorin im Rahmen eines Aufenthalts in Brasilien.
In this study, an application of evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms on the optimization of sandwich structures is presented. The solution strategy is known as Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Evolution Strategy (ENSES) wherein Evolution Strategies (ES) as Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) in the elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) procedure. Evolutionary algorithm seems a compatible approach to resolve multi-objective optimization problems because it is inspired by natural evolution, which closely linked to Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques and elitism has shown an important factor for improving evolutionary multi-objective search. In order to evaluate the notion of performance by ENSES, the well-known study case of sandwich structures are reconsidered. For Case 1, the goals of the multi-objective optimization are minimization of the deflection and the weight of the sandwich structures. The length, the core and skin thicknesses are the design variables of Case 1. For Case 2, the objective functions are the fabrication cost, the beam weight and the end deflection of the sandwich structures. There are four design variables i.e., the weld height, the weld length, the beam depth and the beam width in Case 2. Numerical results are presented in terms of Paretooptimal solutions for both evaluated cases.
We conducted extensive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN) films. To this aim, we constructed large atomistic models of polycrystalline h-BN sheets with random and uniform grain configuration. By performing equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations, we investigated the influence of the average grain size on the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline h-BN films at various temperatures. Using the EMD results, we constructed finite element models of polycrystalline h-BN sheets to probe the thermal conductivity of samples with larger grain sizes. Our multiscale investigations not only provide a general viewpoint regarding the heat conduction in h-BN films but also propose that polycrystalline h-BN sheets present high thermal conductivity comparable to monocrystalline sheets.
Methods based on B-splines for model representation, numerical analysis and image registration
(2015)
The thesis consists of inter-connected parts for modeling and analysis using newly developed isogeometric methods. The main parts are reproducing kernel triangular B-splines, extended isogeometric analysis for solving weakly discontinuous problems, collocation methods using superconvergent points, and B-spline basis in image registration applications.
Each topic is oriented towards application of isogeometric analysis basis functions to ease the process of integrating the modeling and analysis phases of simulation.
First, we develop reproducing a kernel triangular B-spline-based FEM for solving PDEs. We review the triangular B-splines and their properties. By definition, the triangular basis function is very flexible in modeling complicated domains. However, instability results when it is applied for analysis. We modify the triangular B-spline by a reproducing kernel technique, calculating a correction term for the triangular kernel function from the chosen surrounding basis. The improved triangular basis is capable to obtain the results with higher accuracy and almost optimal convergence rates.
Second, we propose an extended isogeometric analysis for dealing with weakly discontinuous problems such as material interfaces. The original IGA is combined with XFEM-like enrichments which are continuous functions themselves but with discontinuous derivatives. Consequently, the resulting solution space can approximate solutions with weak discontinuities. The method is also applied to curved material interfaces, where the inverse mapping and the curved triangular elements are considered.
Third, we develop an IGA collocation method using superconvergent points. The collocation methods are efficient because no numerical integration is needed. In particular when higher polynomial basis applied, the method has a lower computational cost than Galerkin methods. However, the positions of the collocation points are crucial for the accuracy of the method, as they affect the convergent rate significantly. The proposed IGA collocation method uses superconvergent points instead of the traditional Greville abscissae points. The numerical results show the proposed method can have better accuracy and optimal convergence rates, while the traditional IGA collocation has optimal convergence only for even polynomial degrees.
Lastly, we propose a novel dynamic multilevel technique for handling image registration. It is application of the B-spline functions in image processing. The procedure considered aims to align a target image from a reference image by a spatial transformation. The method starts with an energy function which is the same as a FEM-based image registration. However, we simplify the solving procedure, working on the energy function directly. We dynamically solve for control points which are coefficients of B-spline basis functions. The new approach is more simple and fast. Moreover, it is also enhanced by a multilevel technique in order to prevent instabilities. The numerical testing consists of two artificial images, four real bio-medical MRI brain and CT heart images, and they show our registration method is accurate, fast and efficient, especially for large deformation problems.
In this paper we introduce LUCI, a Lightweight Urban Calculation Interchange system, designed to bring the advantages of a calculation and content co-ordination system to small planning and design groups by the means of an open source middle-ware. The middle-ware focuses on problems typical to urban planning and therefore features a geo-data repository as well as a job runtime administration, to coordinate simulation models and its multiple views. The described system architecture is accompanied by two exemplary use cases that have been used to test and further develop our concepts and implementations.
In this paper we introduce LUCI, a Lightweight Urban Calculation Interchange system, designed to bring the advantages of a calculation and content co-ordination system to small planning and design groups by the means of an open source middle-ware. The middle-ware focuses on problems typical to urban planning and therefore features a geo-data repository as well as a job runtime administration, to coordinate simulation models and its multiple views. The described system architecture is accompanied by two exemplary use cases that have been used to test and further develop our concepts and implementations.
As human thought was developing, likewise, the technology used for illumination was growing. But a haul through history, reviewing its pages and analyzing it, inherently brings up old and new question, like: Is it possible to alter negatively the image of historic buildings and monuments through inadequate lighting to the degree of distorting the perception that people have of the work? and if so, what are the causes that generate it? Do the light designers take into consideration criteria to protect not only historic buildings and monuments, but also the environment? What are the consequences that may generate the inadequate lighting of urban heritage to the environment? What are the factors to consider for a proper illumination of urban heritage? The answers to these questions will help lay the foundation for proper illumination of the urban heritage, avoiding at the maximum the light pollution and the effects that it generates, seeking a balance and harmonious reconciliation between the technology, urban heritage and environment, taking as a framework and the case study the urban heritage of a city from the colonial era in southern Mexico, with pre-Hispanic roots and where today you can still see through its streets and buildings an atmosphere of mysticism reflection of their folklore and traditions, this city is known as Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas.
For decades in Germany, historical research on dictatorial urban design in the first half of the 20th century focused on the National Socialist period. Studies on the urban design practices of other dictatorships remained an exception. This has changed. Meanwhile, the urban production practices of the Mussolini, Stalin, Salazar, Hitler and Franco dictatorships have become the subject of comprehensive research projects. Recently, a research group that studies dictatorial urban design in 20th century Europe has emerged at the Bauhaus-Institut für Geschichte und Theorie der Architektur und der Planung. The group is already able to refer to various research results.
Part of the research group’s self-conception is the assumption that the urban design practices of the named dictatorships can only be properly understood from a European perspective. The dictatorships influenced one another substantially. Furthermore, the specificities of the practices of each dictatorship can only be discerned if one can compare them to those of the other dictatorships. This approach requires strict adherence to the research methods of planning history and urban design theory. Meanwhile, these methods must be opened
to include those of general historical studies.
With this symposium, the research group aims to further qualify this European perspective. The aim is to pursue an inventory of the various national historiographies on the topic of “urban design and dictatorship”. This inventory should offer an overview on the general national level of historical research on urban design as well as on the level of particular urban design projects, persons or topics.
The symposium took place in Weimar, November 21-22, 2013. It was organized by Harald Bodenschatz, Piero Sassi and Max Welch Guerra and funded by the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service).
Theoretischer Teil:
Durch den Vergleich der Daten, die sowohl von den Instituten bzw. Statistikunternehmen z. B. Google, Bundesnetzagentur und Statista in Deutschland, 中国互联网络信息中心 in China, FIND in Taiwan usw. zur Verfügung gestellt wurden, als auch durch die von mir durchgeführten Umfragen in den jeweiligen Ländern, sowie durch die Interviews in Weimar, zeigen sich die kulturellen Unterschiede sowie die Gemeinsamkeiten bei der Nutzung des Smartphones. Darüber hinaus ergaben sich noch einige Konsequenzen bei den Interpretationen dieser Ergebnisse, die eng mit der Entstehung der kulturellen Unterschiede zusammenhängen.
Praktischer Teil:
Der erste Entwurf ist eine visuelle Tastatur. Um die Bildschirmtastatur zu verbessern, versucht type right ! (der Name meines Entwurfs) das Problem von Vertippen beim Eingeben zu lösen. type right ! hat zwei Schwerpunkte: 1. geänderte Positionen der Buchstaben und Zeichen und 2. geänderte Form der Taste.
Der zweite Entwurf handelt von einem Konzept einer App für die Integrationsmöglichkeit der Kommunikation.
The refurbishment of old buildings often goes hand in hand with an increase in both the dead and live loads. The latter, combined with the higher safety factors, often make the reinforcement of the old structures necessary. Most reinforcement methods involve transforming a structural timber member into a composite beam. Composite sections have a long tradition in timber construction. In the early days, multiple timber beams were connected with interlocking tooth and wooden shear connecters, which resulted in an elastic connection. Although historical timber structures are frequently upgraded, no method has yet been established and fully accepted by all stakeholders such as owners, builders, architects, engineers and cultural heritage organisations. Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) have already shown their efficiency in structural reinforcement especially in concrete structures. Moreover, previous studies have shown that CFRP has the potential to meet the expectations of all parties involved.
In order to reach the service-limit state, a high amount of carbon fibres has to be used, or considering the cost of reinforcement, prestress has to be applied. However, prestressing often goes hand-in-hand with delaminating issues. The camber method presented here offers an efficient solution for prestressing timber bending members and overcoming the known obstacles.
In the method proposed, the timber beam is cambered using an adjustable prop at midspan during the bonding of the CRFP-lamella to the lower side of the bending member. After curing the adhesive, the prop is removed and the prestressed composite beam is ready to be used. The prestress introduced in the system is not constant, but has a triangular shape and peaks at midspan, where it is used the most. The prestress force, which declines towards the end of the beam, leads to a constant shear stress over the whole length of the reinforcement,avoiding a concentrated anchorage zone.
An analytical calculation model has been developed to calculate and design prestressed timber-
bending members using the camber method. Numerical modelling, using a multi-surface plasticity model for timber, confirmed the results from the analytical model, and clearly reduced delaminating issues, comparing very favourably to traditional prestressing methods. The experimental parametric study, including the determination of the short-term loadbearing capacity of structural-sized beams, showed agreement with the analytical and numerical calculation. The prestressed reinforcement showed a benefit of nearly 50% towards the ultimate-limit state and up to 70% towards the service-limit state. Calculations revealed that the use of high modulus CFRP allows even higher benefits, depending on the configurations and requirements. The long-term design of the prestressed composite beam was investigated by extending the analytical model. The creep of the timber leads to a load transfer from the timber towards the CFRP, and therefore increases the benefit towards the ultimatelimit design. Applying high modulus CFRP-lamellas allows for a complete utilisation of the
design capacity of timber and carbon fibre-reinforced polymer.
The thorough investigation conducted demonstrated that the camber method is an efficient technique for prestressing and reinforcing timber-bending members. Furthermore, the calculation model presented allows for a safe design and estimation of long-term behaviour.
The 20th International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering will be held at the Bauhaus University Weimar from 20th till 22nd July 2015. Architects, computer scientists, mathematicians, and engineers from all over the world will meet in Weimar for an interdisciplinary exchange of experiences, to report on their results in research, development and practice and to discuss. The conference covers a broad range of research areas: numerical analysis, function theoretic methods, partial differential equations, continuum mechanics, engineering applications, coupled problems, computer sciences, and related topics. Several plenary lectures in aforementioned areas will take place during the conference.
We invite architects, engineers, designers, computer scientists, mathematicians, planners, project managers, and software developers from business, science and research to participate in the conference!
IFC-BASED MONITORING INFORMATION MODELING FOR DATA MANAGEMENT IN STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING
(2015)
This conceptual paper discusses opportunities and challenges towards the digital representation of structural health monitoring systems using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. State-of-the-art sensor nodes, collecting structural and environmental data from civil infrastructure systems, are capable of processing and analyzing the data sets directly on-board the nodes. Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on sensor nodes that possess so called “on-chip intelligence” is, in this study, referred to as “intelligent SHM”, and the infrastructure system being equipped with an intelligent SHM system is referred to as “intelligent infrastructure”. Although intelligent SHM will continue to grow, it is not possible, on a well-defined formalism, to digitally represent information about sensors, about the overall SHM system, and about the monitoring strategies being implemented (“monitoring-related information”). Based on a review of available SHM regulations and guidelines as well as existing sensor models and sensor modeling languages, this conceptual paper investigates how to digitally represent monitoring-related information in a semantic model. With the Industry Foundation Classes, there exists an open standard for the digital representation of building information; however, it is not possible to represent monitoring-related information using the IFC object model. This paper proposes a conceptual approach for extending the current IFC object model in order to include monitoring-related information. Taking civil infrastructure systems as an illustrative example, it becomes possible to adequately represent, process, and exchange monitoring-related information throughout the whole life cycle of civil infrastructure systems, which is referred to as monitoring information modeling (MIM). However, since this paper is conceptual, additional research efforts are required to further investigate, implement, and validate the proposed concepts and methods.
Granite on the Ground: Former Nazi Party Rally Grounds, Nuremberg/Germany. A brief introduction
(2015)
For decades in Germany, historical research on dictatorial urban design in the first half of the 20th century focused on the National Socialist period. Studies on the urban design practices of other dictatorships remained an exception. This has changed. Meanwhile, the urban production practices of the Mussolini, Stalin, Salazar, Hitler and Franco dictatorships have become the subject of comprehensive research projects. Recently, a research group that studies dictatorial urban design in 20th century Europe has emerged at the Bauhaus-Institut für Geschichte und Theorie der Architektur und der Planung. The group is already able to refer to various research results.
Part of the research group’s self-conception is the assumption that the urban design practices of the named dictatorships can only be properly understood from a European perspective. The dictatorships influenced one another substantially. Furthermore, the specificities of the practices of each dictatorship can only be discerned if one can compare them to those of the other dictatorships. This approach requires strict adherence to the research methods of planning history and urban design theory. Meanwhile, these methods must be opened
to include those of general historical studies.
With this symposium, the research group aims to further qualify this European perspective. The aim is to pursue an inventory of the various national historiographies on the topic of “urban design and dictatorship”. This inventory should offer an overview on the general national level of historical research on urban design as well as on the level of particular urban design projects, persons or topics.
The symposium took place in Weimar, November 21-22, 2013. It was organized by Harald Bodenschatz, Piero Sassi and Max Welch Guerra and funded by the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service).
In this paper we present some rudiments of a generalized Wiman-Valiron theory in the context of polymonogenic functions. In particular, we analyze the relations between different notions of growth orders and the Taylor coefficients. Our main intention is to look for generalizations of the Lindel¨of-Pringsheim theorem. In contrast to the classical holomorphic and the monogenic setting we only obtain inequality relations in the polymonogenic setting. This is due to the fact that the Almansi-Fischer decomposition of a polymonogenic function consists of different monogenic component functions where each of them can have a totally different kind of asymptotic growth behavior.
Media anthropology is a new and interdisciplinary field of research with very different subjects and methods that seems to be already heavily informed by a comparatively narrow understanding of media as mass media (e.g. TV, Internet, social web, etc.). Therefore, most theories in this field, at least implicitly, employ a hierarchical and often dichotomic preconception of the two poles of media-human relations, by analysing the operationalities and ontologies of the human and the media independently from one another. This article deviates from this line of thought by advocating an expanded, symmetrical and relational understanding of the terms media and human, taking them as always already intermingled facets of a broader dynamic configuration. Starting from a consideration of the historically powerful, yet overlooked media of the so-called habitat diorama, the heuristic concept of “anthropomediality” is to be developed. Eventually, this relational approach may open up a new, interesting field for interrogation of (media-)anthropological analysis in general.
In photogrammetry and computer vision the trifocal tensor is used to describe the geometric relation between projections of points in three views. In this paper we analyze the stability and accuracy of the metric trifocal tensor for calibrated cameras. Since a minimal parameterization of the metric trifocal tensor is challenging, the additional constraints of the interior orientation are applied to the well-known projective 6-point and 7-point algorithms for three images. The experimental results show that the linear 7-point algorithm fails for some noise-free degenerated cases, whereas the minimal 6-point algorithm seems to be competitive even with realistic noise.
Entwicklung eines Sommerreferenzjahres zur Bestimmung der sommerlichen Überhitzung von Gebäuden
(2015)
Die Ableitung von sommer-fokussierten warmen Referenzjahren aus langjährigen Klimadaten erfolgt in Europa bisher nach unterschiedlichen, länderspezifischen Methoden, die sich in der Regel allein auf die Trockentemperatur beziehen und in der Auswahl eines zusammenhängenden realen Sommerhalbjahres resultieren. Simulationsergebnisse zur sommerlichen Überhitzung von natürlich belüfteten Gebäuden in Deutschland und Großbritannien zeigen jedoch für einige Wetterstationen weniger Überhitzung für Simulationen mit dem sommer-fokussierten Referenzjahr als für solche mit dem entsprechenden Testreferenzjahr (TRY) für den gleichen Ort. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn einzelne Monate miteinander verglichen werden. Neben der Wahl eines kompletten Halbjahres, das sowohl extrem warme als auch vergleichsweise kühle Monate beinhalten kann, liegt dies vor allem begründet in der fehlenden Berücksichtigung der Solarstrahlung bei der Auswahl eines warmen Referenzjahres, die jedoch eine wichtige Rolle für sommerliche Überhitzungserscheinungen in Gebäuden spielt. Eine verlässliche, allgemein anerkannte Methode zur Erstellung von sommer-fokussierten Referenzjahren erscheint daher auch im Hinblick auf die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen in der Europäischen Union, die Strategien zur natürlichen Belüftung von Neubauten und Sanierungen begünstigen, erforderlich. Diese Arbeit präsentiert einen Ansatz zur Erstellung eines Sommerreferenzjahres (Summer Reference Year – SRY) aus dem TRY eines gegebenen Ortes und langjährigen Klimadaten. Die existierenden TRY-Daten werden hierbei skaliert, um den Bedingungen für Trockentemperatur und Solarstrahlung von nah-extremen Kandidatenjahren zu entsprechen, die separat über einen statistischen Ansatz ausgewählt werden. Anschließend werden Feuchttemperatur, Windgeschwindigkeit und Luftdruck des TRY durch lineare Korrelationen mit der Trockentemperatur angepasst, um die entsprechenden SRY-Daten zu erhalten. Der Vorteil dieser Methode liegt darin, dass das grundlegende Wettermuster des TRY erhalten bleibt und somit eine klare Relation zwischen SRY und TRY besteht, die eine Vergleichbarkeit von Simulationsergebnissen gewährleistet. Über vergleichende Gebäudesimulationen mit dem zugrundeliegenden TRY und langjährigen Klimadatensätzen kann nachgewiesen werden, dass sich das SRY zur Ermittlung sommerlicher Überhitzungserscheinungen in natürlich belüfteten Gebäuden eignet. Weiterhin kann gezeigt werden, dass das SRY im Gegensatz zur direkten Nutzung eines Kandidatenjahres für einen nah-extremen Sommer die Möglichkeit eines monatsscharfen Vergleichs mit dem TRY erlaubt und frei von wenig repräsentativen Besonderheiten ist, die in den entsprechenden Kandidatenjahren vorhanden sein können.
In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Einfluss der Klinkerzusammensetzung sowie der Sulfatträgerart auf die Leistungsfähigkeit eines Spritzzementes untersucht. Um eine Untersulfatisierung im System mit einen Aluminiumsulfat / -hydroxid Beschleuniger zu vermeiden, sollte ein anhydritbasierter Sulfatträger eingesetzt werden. Dies führt zu einer besseren Festigkeitsentwicklung im jungen Alter.
Recently there has been a surge of interest in PDEs involving fractional derivatives in different fields of engineering. In this extended abstract we present some of the results developedin [3]. We compute the fundamental solution for the three-parameter fractional Laplace operator Δ by transforming the eigenfunction equation into an integral equation and applying the method of separation of variables. The obtained solutions are expressed in terms of Mittag-Leffer functions. For more details we refer the interested reader to [3] where it is also presented an operational approach based on the two Laplace transform.
Die Reise der Zeichen - Eine Studie zur symbolischen Bildwelt der Xiyü-Kultur an der Seidenstraße
(2015)
Kurzfassung
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die traditionellen Xiyü-Zeichen im Visuellen verschiedener Volksgruppen am Beispiel Xinjiangs im Nordwesten Chinas, wo einst die alte Seidenstraße entlangführte. Die Untersuchung versteht sich als ein Versuch der systematischen Darstellung der symbolischen Bildwelt in Xinjiang und damit im weiteren Sinne auch als ein Versuch, das Xiyü-Kulturerbe zu bewahren, das angesichts des tiefgreifenden Wandels in China und der Go-West-Strategie des chinesischen Wirtschaftsprogramms, welches sich auf die weiten Westgebiete Chinas bezieht, in Gefahr geraten ist. Es muss ein Weg gefunden werden, Modernisierung und Tradition in Einklang zu bringen.
Diese Studie beschreibt, analysiert und bewertet exemplarisch, wie sich Zeichen und Symbole des Wissens und der Kultur entlang der Seidenstraße in Xinjiang zwischen den östlichen und westlichen Kulturen vermischt haben, wie sie übertragen wurden und inwieweit die Xiyü-Kultur reflektiert, dass Xinjiang ein Treffpunkt zwischen östlichen und westlichen Einflüssen war. In der Annährung an dieses Forschungsziel werden drei Hauptfragen zusammengefasst:
Erstens, was kann das Erfahrungsmodell der alten Seidenstraße zum Verständnis der kulturellen Entwicklung im heutigen Informationszeitalter beitragen?
Zweitens, was bedeutet Vielfalt für die kulturelle Kommunikation in Xinjiang? Steigen die Medienereignisse der visuellen Kommunikation und die internationalen Einflüsse an?
Drittens, wie kann Xinjiang die Chancen der Go-West-Strategie des chinesischen Wirtschaftsprogramms in einer zunehmend globalisierten Welt nutzen und in der zukünftigen weltwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung wieder Vitalität zeigen?
Um sich auf diese Weise den Antworten zu nähern, verwendet diese Studie einen Ansatz, der eine kulturanthropologische Perspektive integriert. Auf Grundlage einer Feldstudie werden Eigenschaften der traditionellen visuellen Xiyü-Zeichen, ihre Bedeutung für die ethnischen Volksgruppen Xinjiangs und den kulturellen Austausch zwischen Europa und Asien diskutiert und der besondere Einfluss von Handel und Verkehrswegen aufgezeigt.
Die visuellen Zeichenformen der Xiyü-Kultur wurden von der Zeit vor der Islamisierung bis hin zur heutigen islamischen Zeit dargestellt. Die Forschung zeigt, dass die Zeichen kein ortsgebundenes Kulturphänomen oder eine lokale Tradition sind, vielmehr werden sie von regionalen, nationalen und internationalen Kulturkreisen bewusst oder unbewusst beeinflusst. Sie sind ein Ergebnis kultureller Kommunikation. Schließlich setzt sich die Studie mit den Zeichen der Xiyü-Kultur Xinjiangs in Relation mit der Go-West-Strategie der chinesischen Regierung auseinander. Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung bringt für Xinjiang nicht nur Modernisierung und Wohlstand, sondern auch ein kulturelles und ökologisches Ungleichgewicht.
Der Mensch strukturiert alles, was er in seiner Umgebung wahrnimmt, mit Zeichen. Die Xiyü-Zeichen schaffen eine visuelle Strukturierung. Die Xiyü-Kultur hat nach wie vor Einfluss auf die Lebensweise der ethnischen Gruppen in Xinjiang. Heute hat die Konfrontation zwischen der traditionellen Xiyü-Kultur und der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung zu einem ernsthaften Konflikt in Xinjiang geführt.
Diese Studie versteht sich als eine kritische Interpretation der aktuellen Situation der Xiyü-Kultur bzw. des chinesischen Wirtschaftsprogramms in Xinjiang. Sie will darüber hinaus einen Beitrag leisten zur Analyse der bislang nur unzureichend erfassten Wechselwirkungen zwischen Geschichte, Kultur, Politik und Wirtschaft in der kulturellen Globalisierung in Xinjiang.
Die Bau-Ausstellung zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts oder „Die Schwierigkeit zu wohnen“, so lautet der Titel der Arbeit und legt damit ihren Fokus offen. Sie betrachtet ein um 1900 aufkommendes Ausstellungsphänomen in seinen ersten Dekaden; in einer Zeit, in der das Wohnen problematisiert wurde.
Der Praxis des Wohnens ist Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts seine Selbstverständlichkeit abgesprochen worden. Die Bau-Ausstellung wird als ein Symptom dieses Verlusts interpretiert und zugleich als Versuch, ihm entgegenzuwirken. Statt sie innerdisziplinär als eine architekturgeschichtliche Episode der Moderne rein positivistisch zu beschreiben, legt die vorliegende Arbeit im Typus der Bau-Ausstellung eine weit reichende Problematik frei, die kulturphilosophische ebenso wie medientheoretische Dimensionen hat: Inwieweit lässt sich das Wohnen überhaupt ausstellen? Wie kann man eine alltägliche Praxis, die kaum eine Definition erlaubt, zeigen? Den Umgang mit dieser Aporie untersucht die Arbeit.
Sensor faults can affect the dependability and the accuracy of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. Recent studies demonstrate that artificial neural networks can be used to detect sensor faults. In this paper, decentralized artificial neural networks (ANNs) are applied for autonomous sensor fault detection. On each sensor node of a wireless SHM system, an ANN is implemented to measure and to process structural response data. Structural response data is predicted by each sensor node based on correlations between adjacent sensor nodes and on redundancies inherent in the SHM system. Evaluating the deviations (or residuals) between measured and predicted data, sensor faults are autonomously detected by the wireless sensor nodes in a fully decentralized manner. A prototype SHM system implemented in this study, which is capable of decentralized autonomous sensor fault detection, is validated in laboratory experiments through simulated sensor faults. Several topologies and modes of operation of the embedded ANNs are investigated with respect to the dependability and the accuracy of the fault detection approach. In conclusion, the prototype SHM system is able to accurately detect sensor faults, demonstrating that neural networks, processing decentralized structural response data, facilitate autonomous fault detection, thus increasing the dependability and the accuracy of structural health monitoring systems.
Gemäß dem Regelwerk für Betonstraßen muss für zweischichtige Betonfahrbahndecken derselbe Zement in Ober- und Unterbeton verwendet werden. Weiterhin ist die Anrechnung von Flugasche auf den w/z-Wert nicht gestattet. Durch eine flexiblere Handhabung der Bindemittel könnten sich Vorteile für die Betonbauweise ergeben. So könnte z.B. der stärker durch Frost beanspruchte Oberbeton mit CEM I hergestellt werden, während Zemente mit höheren Hüttensandgehalten nur im Unterbeton angewendet werden. Im Unterbeton könnten dann Gesteinskörnungen eingesetzt werden, die in einer herkömmlichen CEM I-Rezeptur als AKR-kritisch eingestuft würden.
Anhand von AKR-Performance-Prüfungen konnte die hohe Wirksamkeit hüttensandhaltiger Zemente sowie auch von Flugasche auf die AKR-Verminderung aufgezeigt werden. Schon mit einem CEM II/B-S wurden AKR-kritische Rezepturen in den unkritischen Bereich verschoben. Der Frost-Tausalz-Widerstand der Betone wurde bei hohen Gehalten an Hüttensand bzw. Hüttensand + Flugasche verringert, bewegte sich aber in jedem Fall noch im günstigen Bereich. Um eine Beeinträchtigung der baupraktischen Umsetzbarkeit zu vermeiden, sollte sich die Festigkeitsentwicklung von Ober- und Unterbeton im jungen Alter nicht zu stark unterscheiden. Modellberechnungen zur Festlegung einer Mindestfestigkeit für die frühe Belastung sind derzeit noch in Bearbeitung.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Manifestäußerungen des Design- und Architekturdiskurses im situativen, medialen, institutionellen und historischen Kontext untersucht. Auf Grundlage einer Analyse der Etymologie und der Ideengeschichte des Manifestes wird anhand ausgewählter Beispiele die These belegt, dass das Medium vor allem der gezielten Rezeptionssteuerung im Diskurs dient. Darüber hinaus wird die Fähigkeit und Bedeutung des Manifestes als Spiegel vergangener und gegenwärtiger, aber auch als Wegbereiter zukünftiger Diskurse analysiert und Entwicklungen des Manifestes hinsichtlich Stilistik, Inhalt, Funktion und Bedeutung im Design- und Architekturdiskurs dargestellt.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Manifestäußerungen des Design- und Architekturdiskurses im situativen, medialen, institutionellen und historischen Kontext untersucht. Auf Grundlage einer Analyse der Etymologie und der Ideengeschichte des Manifestes wird anhand ausgewählter Beispiele die These belegt, dass das Medium vor allem der gezielten Rezeptionssteuerung im Diskurs dient. Darüber hinaus wird die Fähigkeit und Bedeutung des Manifestes als Spiegel vergangener und gegenwärtiger, aber auch als Wegbereiter zukünftiger Diskurse analysiert und Entwicklungen des Manifestes hinsichtlich Stilistik, Inhalt, Funktion und Bedeutung im Design- und Architekturdiskurs dargestellt.
Some caad packages offer additional support for the optimization of spatial configurations, but the possibilities for applying optimization are usually limited either by the complexity of the data model or by the constraints of the underlying caad system. Since we missed a system that allows to experiment with optimization techniques for the synthesis of spatial configurations, we developed a collection of methods over the past years. This collection is now combined in the presented open source library for computational planning synthesis, called CPlan. The aim of the library is to provide an easy to use programming framework with a flat learning curve for people with basic programming knowledge. It offers an extensible structure that allows to add new customized parts for various purposes. In this paper the existing functionality of the CPlan library is described.
Communities in discourse and space. Towards a spatial dialectic in gated residential developments
(2015)
This research projects deals with the discoursivity of spatial production.
By looking at contemporary residential development in the city of Istanbul, I will examine the reciprocity of the material production of space on one hand, and social discourses on the other, in order to make a contribution to how physical space can be used as a source of research in urban studies. In real estate marketing social discourses are used as a source of reference for place branding or identity design. Branding concepts therefore relate to how social groups imagine their position or future position in society, imaginaries that are continuously influenced and changed by social dynamics within the city but also from the outside. How such urban identities are formed and it what way they relate to the urban environment is crucial to a wide spectrum of social and cultural science. The constitutive role urban space attains has been described and analysed in much detail. Such scrutiny however has yet to be applied to the visual and communicative forms of engagement, the build environment partakes in the formation and change of social discourses.
Building Information Modeling is a powerful tool for the design and for a consistent set of data in a virtual storage. For the application in the phases of realization and on site it needs further development. The paper describes main challenges and main features, which will help the development of software to better service the needs of construction site managers
In order to minimize the probability of foundation failure resulting from cyclic action on structures, researchers have developed various constitutive models to simulate the foundation response and soil interaction as a result of these complex cyclic loads. The efficiency and effectiveness of these model is majorly influenced by the cyclic constitutive parameters. Although a lot of research is being carried out on these relatively new models, little or no details exist in literature about the model based identification of the cyclic constitutive parameters. This could be attributed to the difficulties and complexities of the inverse modeling of such complex phenomena. A variety of optimization strategies are available for the solution of the sum of least-squares problems as usually done in the field of model calibration. However for the back analysis (calibration) of the soil response to oscillatory load functions, this paper gives insight into the model calibration challenges and also puts forward a method for the inverse modeling of cyclic loaded foundation response such that high quality solutions are obtained with minimum computational effort. Therefore model responses are produced which adequately describes what would otherwise be experienced in the laboratory or field.