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- energetic approach (1)
- energy consumption (1)
- energy demand (1)
- energy efficiency (1)
- energy form (1)
- energy justice (1)
- energy per order (1)
- energy retrofitting (1)
- energy, exergy (1)
- engineering (1)
- ensemble model (1)
- entrepreneurial journalism (1)
- epoxy (1)
- estimation (1)
- etching (1)
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- explicit time integration (1)
- extreme events (1)
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- extreme value analysis (1)
- eye-tracking (1)
- field repair organization (1)
- firefly optimization algorithm (1)
- fisher-information matrix (1)
- fixed effects regression (1)
- flexural-torsional-buckling (1)
- flow pattern (1)
- focussed ion beam (1)
- fog computing (1)
- food informatics (1)
- formal approaches (1)
- forward contracts (1)
- foundations (1)
- fractional-order control (1)
- fracture mechanics (1)
- free vibration test (1)
- frequency sweep test (1)
- full-waveform inversion (1)
- functionally graded materials (1)
- fused filament fabrication (1)
- fuzzy decision making (1)
- fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (1)
- game engine (1)
- generative design system (1)
- genetic programming (1)
- geografische Metapher (1)
- geoinformatics (1)
- geopolymer (1)
- gewaltbezogene Institution (1)
- glass frosting (1)
- green gentrification (1)
- grey water treatment (1)
- ground structure (1)
- ground water contamination (1)
- growth mode (1)
- gully erosion susceptibility (1)
- gypsum, metallurgical dust, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, water resistance, calcium hydrosilicates, X-ray analyze, microstructure. (1)
- health (1)
- health informatics (1)
- heart disease diagnosis (1)
- heat sink (1)
- heat storage (1)
- heat transfer (1)
- hermochemical heat storage, hydration mechanism, magnesium sulfate; sodium sulfate (1)
- high performance fine-grained concrete, rice husk ash, workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, chloride penetration resistance (1)
- housing (1)
- human blob (1)
- human body proportions (1)
- human thermal plume (1)
- hybrid machine learning (1)
- hybrid machine learning model (1)
- hybride Werkstoffe (1)
- hydraulic jump (1)
- hydrological model (1)
- hydrology (1)
- image processing (1)
- image segmentation (1)
- industry 4.0 (1)
- initerfacial water, liquid-like water, Mars, dielectric spectroscopy, ice, permittivity, JSC Mars 1, Bentonite, Birchak, CRIM, plate capacitor, monolayer, Hamaker constant, soil (1)
- initial equilibrium state (1)
- initial shape (1)
- intensive care unit (1)
- inverse analysis (1)
- isosurface (1)
- journalism (1)
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- journalism theories (1)
- kommunikativer Konstruktivismus (1)
- kritische Stadtforschung (1)
- künstlerischer Aktivismus (1)
- laplace operator (1)
- laser; contactless measurement; quartz glass; polishing; temperature; residual stress; simulation; sensitivity (1)
- least square support vector machine (LSSVM) (1)
- longitudinal dispersion coefficient (1)
- low-carbon policy (1)
- macro algae (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- mathematical model (1)
- mathematical modelling (1)
- mean-squared error (1)
- media anthropology, anthropomediality, anthropological knowledge, museum exhibitions, diorama, relationality (1)
- media performance (1)
- media work (1)
- metakaoline (1)
- micro climate (1)
- micro-CT (1)
- micro-pollutant treatment (1)
- microbial resistances (1)
- microcapsule (1)
- microclimate (1)
- micropolar elasticity (1)
- microwave propagation (1)
- mining (1)
- mitigation (1)
- mobile ad-hoc networks (1)
- model comparison (1)
- model complexity (1)
- modelling (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- monitoring (1)
- mortar (1)
- multi-agent systems (1)
- multi-criteria decision analysis (1)
- multi-criteria decision analysis; (1)
- multimedia design principles (1)
- multimedia learning (1)
- museum guidance system (1)
- nanofluid (1)
- nanoreinforced composites (1)
- natural hazard (1)
- neural architecture search (1)
- neural networks (NNs) (1)
- news media start-up (1)
- news start-ups (1)
- noise (1)
- nonlocal Hessian operator (1)
- nonlocal operator method (1)
- nonlocal theory (1)
- nonstationarity (1)
- numerical modelling (1)
- numerical simulation (1)
- occupant requirements (1)
- occupant satisfaction (1)
- open-ended coaxial probe (1)
- openings (1)
- operator calculus (1)
- operator energy functional (1)
- organisation of and institutions for research in Germany (1)
- organischer Abfall (1)
- out-of-plane seismic load (1)
- partical swarm optimization (1)
- particles concentration (1)
- perception (1)
- peridynamics (1)
- personalisierte Lüftung (1)
- personalization effect (1)
- phase change materials (1)
- phosphate industry (1)
- phosphoric acid (1)
- photobioreactor (1)
- photocatalytic ozonation (1)
- photovoltaic (1)
- photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) (1)
- physical activities (1)
- physicochemical properties of geomaterials (1)
- physics-informed activation function (1)
- planetary research (1)
- politische Repräsentation (1)
- polycarboxylate ether (1)
- polymer adsorption (1)
- polymorphe Unschärfemodellierung (1)
- practice theories (1)
- practice theory (1)
- precipitation (1)
- prediction (1)
- predictive algorithms (1)
- predictive model (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- privacy, mobile identity management, location-based applications, p3p (1)
- protoplasmic tubes, Nucleolus-Organisator-Region (1)
- public health (1)
- public service media (1)
- public space (1)
- quaternionic analysis (1)
- questionnaire (1)
- radiological and chemical properties (1)
- randomized spectral representation (1)
- rapid assessment (1)
- rapid classification (1)
- rasterization (1)
- reactor design (1)
- real-time monitoring (1)
- received signal strength indicator (1)
- rectangular lattice (1)
- refugee district (1)
- regional development (1)
- reinforcement learning (1)
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- rendering (1)
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- resource-oriented sanitation (1)
- response surface methodology (1)
- retailer (1)
- rice (1)
- risk management (1)
- rivers (1)
- robots; companions; servants; literature; theater; film (1)
- rule based classification (1)
- salt frost attack (1)
- salt hydrate (1)
- schlieren velocimetry (1)
- scientific visualization, virtual environments, Big Data, radio astronomy (1)
- seasonal precipitation (1)
- seismic assessment (1)
- seismic hazard analysis (1)
- seismic risk estimation (1)
- seismic vulnerability (1)
- self-healing concrete (1)
- semi-probabilistic concept (1)
- signal processing (1)
- simulation (1)
- singular value decomposition (1)
- site-specific spectrum (1)
- smart sensors (1)
- smooth rectangular channel (1)
- social accessibility (1)
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- social theory (1)
- sodium silicate solution (1)
- soil temperature (1)
- soil-structure interaction (1)
- sound pressure level prediction (1)
- source separation (1)
- soziale Kämpfe (1)
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- spatiotemporal database (1)
- spearman correlation coefficient (1)
- sport (1)
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- stability (1)
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- statistical analysis (1)
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- steel (1)
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- stochastic programming (1)
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- sugarcane (1)
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- tomography (1)
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- transmitted light microscopy (1)
- triad of violence (1)
- type theory (1)
- type-3 fuzzy systems (1)
- ulva intestinalis (1)
- unreinforced masonry infill walls (1)
- uranium tailing deposit (1)
- urban form (1)
- urban form; Geographical Information System;walking experience; isovists; logistic regression (1)
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- water content measurement; TDR probe; clay-rock; dielectric spectroscopy; frequency domain finite element modeling (1)
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One of the frequently examined design principles recommendations in multimedia learning is the personalization principle. Based on empirical evidence this principle states that using personalised messages in multimedia learning is more beneficial than using formal language (e.g. using ‘you’ instead of ‘the’). Although there is evidence that these slight changes in regard to the language style affect learning, motivation and the perceived cognitive load, it remains unclear, (1) whether the positive effects of personalised language can be transferred to all kinds of content of learning materials (e.g. specific potentially aversive health issues) and (2) which are the underlying processes (e.g. attention allocation) of the personalization effect. German university students (N= 37) learned symptoms and causes of cerebral haemorrhages either with a formal or a personalised version of the learning material. Analysis revealed comparable results to the few existing previous studies, indicating an inverted personalization effect for potentially aversive learning material. This effect was specifically revealed in regard to decreased average fixation duration and the number of fixations exclusively on the images in the personalised compared to the formal version. This result can be seen as indicators for an inverted effect of personalization on the level of visual attention.
Urban and building energy simulation models are usually driven by typical meteorological year (TMY) weather data often in a TMY2 or EPW format. However, the locations where these historical datasets were collected (usually airports) generally do not represent the local, site specific micro-climates that cities develop. In this paper, a humid sub-tropical climate context has been considered. An idealised “urban unit model” of 250 m radius is being presented as a method of adapting commonly available weather data files to the local micro-climate. This idealised “urban unit model” is based on the main thermal and morphological characteristics of nine sites with residential/institutional (university) use in Hangzhou, China. The area of the urban unit was determined by the region of influence on the air temperature signal at the centre of the unit. Air temperature and relative humidity were monitored and the characteristics of the surroundings assessed (eg green-space, blue-space, built form). The “urban unit model” was then implemented into micro-climatic simulations using a Computational Fluid Dynamics – Surface Energy Balance analysis tool (ENVI-met, Version 4). The “urban unit model” approach used here in the simulations delivered results with performance evaluation indices comparable to previously published work (for air temperature; RMSE <1, index of agreement d > 0.9). The micro-climatic simulation results were then used to adapt the air temperature and relative humidity of the TMY file for Hangzhou to represent the local, site specific morphology under three different weather forcing cases, (ie cloudy/rainy weather (Group 1), clear sky, average weather conditions (Group 2) and clear sky, hot weather (Group 3)). Following model validation, two scenarios (domestic and non-domestic building use) were developed to assess building heating and cooling loads against the business as usual case of using typical meteorological year data files. The final “urban weather projections” obtained from the simulations with the “urban unit model” were used to compare the degree days amongst the reference TMY file, the TMY file with a bulk UHI offset and the TMY file adapted for the site-specific micro-climate (TMY-UWP). The comparison shows that Heating Degree Days (HDD) of the TMY file (1598 days) decreased by 6 % in the “TMY + UHI” case and 13 % in the “TMY-UWP” case showing that the local specific micro-climate is attributed with an additional 7 % (ie from 6 to 13 %) reduction in relation to the bulk UHI effect in the city. The Cooling Degree Days (CDD) from the “TMY + UHI” file are 17 % more than the reference TMY (207 days) and the use of the “TMY-UWP” file results to an additional 14 % increase in comparison with the “TMY + UHI” file (ie from 17 to 31 %). This difference between the TMY-UWP and the TMY + UHI files is a reflection of the thermal characteristics of the specific urban morphology of the studied sites compared to the wider city. A dynamic thermal simulation tool (TRNSYS) was used to calculate the heating and cooling load demand change in a domestic and a non-domestic building scenario. The heating and cooling loads calculated with the adapted TMY-UWP file show that in both scenarios there is an increase by approximately 20 % of the cooling load and a 20 % decrease of the heating load. If typical COP values for a reversible air-conditioning system are 2.0 for heating and 3.5 for cooling then the total electricity consumption estimated with the use of the “urbanised” TMY-UWP file will be decreased by 11 % in comparison with the “business as usual” (ie reference TMY) case. Overall, it was found that the proposed method is appropriate for urban and building energy performance simulations in humid sub-tropical climate cities such as Hangzhou, addressing some of the shortfalls of current simulation weather data sets such as the TMY.
Neuartige Sanitärsysteme zielen auf eine ressourcenorientierte Verwertung von Abwasser ab. Erreicht werden soll dies durch die separate Erfassung von Abwasserteilströmen. In den Fachöffentlichkeiten der Wasserwirtschaft und Raumplanung werden neuartige Sanitärsysteme als ein geeigneter Ansatz für die zukünftige
Sicherung der Abwasserentsorgung in ländlichen Räumen betrachtet. Die Praxistauglichkeit dieser Systeme wurde zwar in Forschungsprojekten nachgewiesen, bisher erschweren jedoch für Abwasserentsorger vielfältige Risiken die Einführung einer ressourcenorientierten Abwasserbewirtschaftung. Ausgehend von einer Untersuchung der Kontexte bei der Umsetzung eines neuartigen Sanitärsystems im ländlichen Raum Thüringens wird in diesem Beitrag der Frage nachgegangen, wie auf Landesebene mit dem abwasserwirtschaftlichen Instrumentarium die Einführung von ressourcenorientierten Systemansätzen unterstützt werden kann. Zentrale Elemente des Beitrags sind die Darstellung der wesentlichen Transformationsrisiken in Bezug auf die Einführung innovativer Lösungsansätze, eine Erläuterung der spezifischen abwasserwirtschaftlichen Instrumente sowie die Darlegung von Steuerungsansätzen,mit denen die Einführung von neuartigen Sanitärsystemen gefördert werden kann. Im Ergebnis wird die Realisierbarkeit von neuartigen Sanitärsystemen durch den strategischen Einsatz des Instrumentariums deutlich, gleichwohl die Wasserwirtschaft durch die Erweiterung der bisherigen Systemgrenzen auf die Kooperation mit anderen Bereichen der Daseinsvorsorge angewiesen ist.
Trans-formal architecture
(1997)
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1996 in Weimar an der Bauhaus-Universität zum Thema: ‚Techno-Fiction. Zur Kritik der technologischen Utopien'
Thin elastic plates are the basic constructional elements and are very often subjected to dynamic effects especially in the machine-building structures. Their saving design of resonance conditions of operation is an extremely complicated task which cannot be solved analytically. In the present report an efficient and sufficiently general method for optimal design of thin plates is worked out on the basis of energy resonance method of Wilder, the method of the finite elements for dynamic research and the methods of parameter optimization. By means of these methods various limitations and requirements put by the designer to the plates can be taken into account. A programme module for numerical investigation of the weight variation of the plate depending on the taken variable of the designed thickness at different supporting conditions is developed. The reasons for the considerable quantity and quality difference between the obtained optimal designs are also analysed.
Current disaster management procedures rely primarily on heuristics which result in their strategies being very cautious and sub-optimum in terms of saving life, minimising damage and returning the building to its normal function. Also effective disaster management demands decentralized, dynamic, flexible, short term and across domain resource sharing, which is not well supported by existing distributing computing infrastructres. The paper proposes a conceptual framework for emergency management in the built environment, using Semantic Grid as an integrating platform for different technologies. The framework supports a distributed network of specialists in built environment, including structural engineers, building technologists, decision analysts etc. It brings together the necessary technology threads, including the Semantic Web (to provide a framework for shared definitions of terms, resources and relationships), Web Services (to provide dynamic discovery and integration) and Grid Computing (for enhanced computational power, high speed access, collaboration and security control) to support rapid formation of virtual teams for disaster management. The proposed framework also make an extensive use of modelling and simulation (both numerical and using visualisations), data mining (to find resources in legacy data sets) and visualisation. It also include a variety of hardware instruments with access to real time data. Furthermore the whole framework is centred on collaborative working by the virtual team. Although focus of this paper is on disaster management, many aspects of the discussed Grid and Visualisation technologies will be useful for any other forms of collaboration. Conclusions are drawn about the possible future impact on the built environment.
As an optimization that starts from a randomly selected structure generally does not guarantee reasonable optimality, the use of a systemic approach, named the ground structure, is widely accepted in steel-made truss and frame structural design. However, in the case of reinforced concrete (RC) structural optimization, because of the orthogonal orientation of structural members, randomly chosen or architect-sketched framing is used. Such a one-time fixed layout trend, in addition to its lack of a systemic approach, does not necessarily guarantee optimality. In this study, an approach for generating a candidate ground structure to be used for cost or weight minimization of 3D RC building structures with included slabs is developed. A multiobjective function at the floor optimization stage and a single objective function at the frame optimization stage are considered. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is employed for selecting the optimal ground structure. This method enables generating a simple, yet potential, real-world representation of topologically preoptimized ground structure while both structural and main architectural requirements are considered. This is supported by a case study for different floor domain sizes.
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
Für eine Abschätzung des Heizwärmebedarfs von Gebäuden und Quartieren können thermisch-energetische Simulationen eingesetzt werden. Grundlage dieser Simulationen sind geometrische und physikalische Gebäudemodelle. Die Erstellung des geometrischen Modells erfolgt in der Regel auf Basis von Bauplänen oder Vor-Ort-Begehungen, was mit einem großen Recherche- und Modellierungsaufwand verbunden ist. Spätere bauliche Veränderungen des Gebäudes müssen häufig manuell in das Modell eingearbeitet werden, was den Arbeitsaufwand zusätzlich erhöht. Das physikalische Modell stellt die Menge an Parametern und Randbedingungen dar, welche durch Materialeigenschaften, Lage und Umgebungs-einflüsse gegeben sind. Die Verknüpfung beider Modelle wird innerhalb der entsprechenden Simulations-software realisiert und ist meist nicht in andere Softwareprodukte überführbar. Mithilfe des Building Information Modeling (BIM) können Simulationsdaten sowohl konsistent gespeichert als auch über Schnittstellen mit entsprechenden Anwendungen ausgetauscht werden. Hierfür wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die thermisch-energetische Simulationen auf Basis des standardisierten Übergabe-formats Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) inklusive anschließender Auswertungen ermöglicht. Dabei werden geometrische und physikalische Parameter direkt aus einem über den gesamten Lebenszyklus aktuellen Gebäudemodell extrahiert und an die Simulation übergeben. Dies beschleunigt den Simulations-prozess hinsichtlich der Gebäudemodellierung und nach späteren baulichen Veränderungen. Die erarbeite-te Methode beruht hierbei auf einfachen Modellierungskonventionen bei der Erstellung des Bauwerksinformationsmodells und stellt eine vollständige Übertragbarkeit der Eingangs- und Ausgangswerte sicher.
Thermal building simulation based on BIM-models. Thermal energetic simulations are used for the estimation of the heating demand of buildings and districts. These simulations are based on building models containing geometrical and physical information. The creation of geometrical models is usually based on existing construction plans or in situ assessments which demand a comparatively big effort of investigation and modeling. Alterations, which are later applied to the structure, request manual changes of the related model, which increases the effort additionally. The physical model represents the total amount of parameters and boundary conditions that are influenced by material properties, location and environmental influences on the building. The link between both models is realized within the correspondent simulation soft-ware and is usually not transferable to other software products. By Applying Building Information Modeling (BIM) simulation data is stored consistently and an exchange to other software is enabled. Therefore, a method which allows a thermal energetic simulation based on the exchange format Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) including an evaluation is presented. All geometrical and physical information are extracted directly from the building model that is kept up-to-date during its life cycle and transferred to the simulation. This accelerates the simulation process regarding the geometrical modeling and adjustments after later changes of the building. The developed method is based on simple conventions for the creation of the building model and ensures a complete transfer of all simulation data.
Für eine Abschätzung des Heizwärmebedarfs von Gebäuden und Quartieren können thermisch-energetische Simulationen eingesetzt werden. Grundlage dieser Simulationen sind geometrische und physikalische Gebäudemodelle. Die Erstellung des geometrischen Modells erfolgt in der Regel auf Basis von Bauplänen oder Vor-Ort-Begehungen, was mit einem großen Recherche- und Modellierungsaufwand verbunden ist. Spätere bauliche Veränderungen des Gebäudes müssen häufig manuell in das Modell eingearbeitet werden, was den Arbeitsaufwand zusätzlich erhöht. Das physikalische Modell stellt die Menge an Parametern und Randbedingungen dar, welche durch Materialeigenschaften, Lage und Umgebungs-einflüsse gegeben sind. Die Verknüpfung beider Modelle wird innerhalb der entsprechenden Simulations-software realisiert und ist meist nicht in andere Softwareprodukte überführbar.
Mithilfe des Building Information Modeling (BIM) können Simulationsdaten sowohl konsistent gespeichert als auch über Schnittstellen mit entsprechenden Anwendungen ausgetauscht werden. Hierfür wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die thermisch-energetische Simulationen auf Basis des standardisierten Übergabe-formats Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) inklusive anschließender Auswertungen ermöglicht. Dabei werden geometrische und physikalische Parameter direkt aus einem über den gesamten Lebenszyklus aktuellen Gebäudemodell extrahiert und an die Simulation übergeben. Dies beschleunigt den Simulations-prozess hinsichtlich der Gebäudemodellierung und nach späteren baulichen Veränderungen. Die erarbeite-te Methode beruht hierbei auf einfachen Modellierungskonventionen bei der Erstellung des Bauwerksinformationsmodells und stellt eine vollständige Übertragbarkeit der Eingangs- und Ausgangswerte sicher.
Thermal building simulation based on BIM-models. Thermal energetic simulations are used for the estimation of the heating demand of buildings and districts. These simulations are based on building models containing geometrical and physical information. The creation of geometrical models is usually based on existing construction plans or in situ assessments which demand a comparatively big effort of investigation and modeling. Alterations, which are later applied to the structure, request manual changes of the related model, which increases the effort additionally. The physical model represents the total amount of parameters and boundary conditions that are influenced by material properties, location and environmental influences on the building. The link between both models is realized within the correspondent simulation soft-ware and is usually not transferable to other software products.
By Applying Building Information Modeling (BIM) simulation data is stored consistently and an exchange to other software is enabled. Therefore, a method which allows a thermal energetic simulation based on the exchange format Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) including an evaluation is presented. All geometrical and physical information are extracted directly from the building model that is kept up-to-date during its life cycle and transferred to the simulation. This accelerates the simulation process regarding the geometrical modeling and adjustments after later changes of the building. The developed method is based on simple conventions for the creation of the building model and ensures a complete transfer of all simulation data.
Tensile strain and compress strain can greatly affect the thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). However, the effect of GNRs under shear strain, which is also one of the main strain effect, has not been studied systematically yet. In this work, we employ reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (RNEMD) to the systematical study of the thermal conductivity of GNRs (with model size of 4 nm × 15 nm) under the shear strain. Our studies show that the thermal conductivity of GNRs is not sensitive to the shear strain, and the thermal conductivity decreases only 12–16% before the pristine structure is broken. Furthermore, the phonon frequency and the change of the micro-structure of GNRs, such as band angel and bond length, are analyzed to explore the tendency of thermal conductivity. The results show that the main influence of shear strain is on the in-plane phonon density of states (PDOS), whose G band (higher frequency peaks) moved to the low frequency, thus the thermal conductivity is decreased. The unique thermal properties of GNRs under shear strains suggest their great potentials for graphene nanodevices and great potentials in the thermal managements and thermoelectric applications.
This text proposes a genealogy of biopolitics based on Michel Foucault’s thought, and on an understanding of it as a philosophico-political notion. In order to elaborate this genealogy, the text takes as its starting point not only politics but also life, as the second component of the term. The hypothesis is the following: To understand what biopolitics means, we have to take seriously Foucault’s assertion of an indetermination of life, as the correlate of power and knowledge. This notion emerges in the epistemic break that takes place around 1800 and that entails the opening up of the notion of biopolitics under the name of governmentality, implying that life is not only the object of biopolitics but also serves as its model.
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 24. bis 27. April 2003 in Weimar an der Bauhaus-Universität zum Thema: ‚MediumArchitektur - Zur Krise der Vermittlung'
Physical exercise demonstrates a special case of aerosol emission due to its associated elevated breathing rate. This can lead to a faster spread of airborne viruses and respiratory diseases. Therefore, this study investigates cross-infection risk during training. Twelve human subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer under three mask scenarios: no mask, surgical mask, and FFP2 mask. The emitted aerosols were measured in a grey room with a measurement setup equipped with an optical particle sensor. The spread of expired air was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed using schlieren imaging. Moreover, user satisfaction surveys were conducted to evaluate the comfort of wearing face masks during training. The results indicated that both surgical and FFP2 masks significantly reduced particles emission with a reduction efficiency of 87.1% and 91.3% of all particle sizes, respectively. However, compared to surgical masks, FFP2 masks provided a nearly tenfold greater reduction of the particle size range with long residence time in the air (0.3–0.5 μm). Furthermore, the investigated masks reduced exhalation spreading distances to less than 0.15 m and 0.1 m in the case of the surgical mask and FFP2 mask, respectively. User satisfaction solely differed with respect to perceived dyspnea between no mask and FFP2 mask conditions.
The spread of breathing air when playing wind instruments and singing was investigated and visualized using two methods: (1) schlieren imaging with a schlieren mirror and (2) background-oriented schlieren (BOS). These methods visualize airflow by visualizing density gradients in transparent media. The playing of professional woodwind and brass instrument players, as well as professional classical trained singers were investigated to estimate the spread distances of the breathing air. For a better comparison and consistent measurement series, a single high note, a single low note, and an extract of a musical piece were investigated. Additionally, anemometry was used to determine the velocity of the spreading breathing air and the extent to which it was quantifiable. The results showed that the ejected airflow from the examined instruments and singers did not exceed a spreading range of 1.2 m into the room. However, differences in the various instruments have to be considered to assess properly the spread of the breathing air. The findings discussed below help to estimate the risk of cross-infection for wind instrument players and singers and to develop efficacious safety precautions, which is essential during critical health periods such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Real-world labs hold the potential to catalyse rapid urban transformations through real-world experimentation. Characterised by a rather radical, responsive, and location-specific nature, real-world labs face constraints in the scaling of experimental knowledge. To make a significant contribution to urban transformation, the produced knowledge must go beyond the level of a building, street, or small district where real-world experiments are conducted. Thus, a conflict arises between experimental boundaries and the stimulation of broader implications. The challenges of scaling experimental knowledge have been recognised as a problem, but remain largely unexplained. Based on this, the article will discuss the applicability of the “typology of amplification processes” by Lam et al. (2020) to explore and evaluate the potential of scaling experimental knowledge from real-world labs. The application of the typology is exemplified in the case of the Bauhaus.MobilityLab. The Bauhaus.MobilityLab takes a unique approach by testing and developing cross-sectoral mobility, energy, and logistics solutions with a distinct focus on scaling knowledge and innovation. For this case study, different qualitative research techniques are combined according to “within-method triangulation” and synthesised in a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The analysis of the Bauhaus.MobilityLab proves that the “typology of amplification processes” is useful as a systematic approach to identifying and evaluating the potential of scaling experimental knowledge.
Along with environmental pollution, urban planning has been connected to public health. The research indicates that the quality of built environments plays an important role in reducing mental disorders and overall health. The structure and shape of the city are considered as one of the factors influencing happiness and health in urban communities and the type of the daily activities of citizens. The aim of this study was to promote physical activity in the main structure of the city via urban design in a way that the main form and morphology of the city can encourage citizens to move around and have physical activity within the city. Functional, physical, cultural-social, and perceptual-visual features are regarded as the most important and effective criteria in increasing physical activities in urban spaces, based on literature review. The environmental quality of urban spaces and their role in the physical activities of citizens in urban spaces were assessed by using the questionnaire tool and analytical network process (ANP) of structural equation modeling. Further, the space syntax method was utilized to evaluate the role of the spatial integration of urban spaces on improving physical activities. Based on the results, consideration of functional diversity, spatial flexibility and integration, security, and the aesthetic and visual quality of urban spaces plays an important role in improving the physical health of citizens in urban spaces. Further, more physical activities, including motivation for walking and the sense of public health and happiness, were observed in the streets having higher linkage and space syntax indexes with their surrounding texture.
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 19. bis 22. April 2007 in Weimar an der Bauhaus-Universität zum Thema: ‚Die Realität des Imaginären. Architektur und das digitale Bild'
The queer gaze
(2003)
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 24. bis 27. April 2003 in Weimar an der Bauhaus-Universität zum Thema: ‚MediumArchitektur - Zur Krise der Vermittlung'
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 19. bis 22. April 2007 in Weimar an der Bauhaus-Universität zum Thema: ‚Die Realität des Imaginären. Architektur und das digitale Bild'
The Power of Play
(2008)
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 19. bis 22. April 2007 in Weimar an der Bauhaus-Universität zum Thema: ‚Die Realität des Imaginären. Architektur und das digitale Bild'
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 24. bis 27. April 2003 in Weimar an der Bauhaus-Universität zum Thema: ‚MediumArchitektur - Zur Krise der Vermittlung'
The purpose of this paper is to review model for finite element techniques for non-linear crack analysis of reinforced concrete beams and slabs. The non-linear behaviour of concrete and steel were described. Some calculations of >self-stress< for concrete and reinforced concrete beam was made. Current computational aspects are discussed. Several remarks for future studies are also given. The numerical model of the concrete and reinforced concrete was described. The paper shows the results of calculations on a reinforced concrete plane stress panel with cracks. The non-linear, numerical model of calculations of reinforced concrete was assumed. Using finite elements method some calculations were made. The results of calculations like displacements, stresses and cracking are shown on diagrams. They were compared with experimental results and other finding. Some conclusions about the described model and results of calculation are shown.
The Local Governance of Arrival in Leipzig: Housing of Asylum-Seeking Persons as a Contested Field
(2018)
The article examines how the German city of Leipzig governs the housing of asylum seekers. Leipzig was a frontrunner in organizing the decentralized accommodation of asylum seekers when adopting its accommodation concept in 2012. This concept aimed at integrating asylum-seeking persons in the regular housing market at an early stage of arrival. However, since then, the city of Leipzig faces more and more challenges in implementing the concept. This is particularly due to the increasingly tight situation on the housing market while the number of people seeking protection increased and partly due to discriminating and xenophobic attitudes on the side of house owners and managers. Therefore, we argue that the so-called refugee crisis of 2015–2016 has to be seen in close interaction with a growing general housing shortage in Leipzig like in many other large European cities. Furthermore, we understand the municipal governing of housing as a contested field regarding its entanglement of diverse federal levels and policy scales, the diversity of stakeholders involved, and its dynamic change over the last years. We analyze this contested field set against the current context of arrival and dynamic urban growth on a local level. Based on empirical qualitative research that was conducted by us in 2016, Leipzig’s local specifics will be investigated under the umbrella of our conceptual framework of Governance of Arrival. The issues of a strained housing market and the integration of asylum seekers in it do not apply only to Leipzig, but shed light on similar developments in other European Cities.
In the abstract proposed is the Instrumental System of mechanics problems analysis of the deformed solid body. It supplies the researcher with the possibility to describe the input data on the object under analyses and the problem scheme based upon the variational principles within one task. The particular feature of System is possibility to describe the information concerning the object of any geometrical shape and the computation sheme according to the program defined for purpose. The Methods allow to compute the tasks with indefinite functional and indefinite geometry of the object (or the set of objects). The System provides the possibility to compute the tasks with indefinite sheme based upon the Finite Element Method (FEM). The restrictions of the System usage are therefore determined by the restrictions of the FEM itself. It contrast to other known programms using FEM (ANSYS, LS-DYNA and etc) described system possesses more universality in defining input data and choosing computational scheme. Builtin is an original Subsytem of Numerical Result Analuses. It possesses the possibility to visualise all numerical results, build the epures of the unknown variables, etc. The Subsystem is approved while solving two- and three-dimensional problems of Elasticiti and Plasticity, under the conditions of Geometrical Unlinearity. Discused are Contact Problems of Statics and Dynamics.
Biofeedback constitutes a well-established, non-invasive method to voluntary interfere in emotional processing by means of cognitive strategies. However, treatment durations exhibit strong inter-individual variations and first successes can often be achieved only after a large number of sessions. Sham feedback constitutes a rather untapped approach by providing feedback that does not correspond to the participant’s actual state. The current study aims to gain insights into mechanisms of sham feedback processing in order to support new techniques in biofeedback therapy. We carried out two experiments and applied different types of sham feedback on skin conductance responses and pupil size changes during affective processing. Results indicate that standardized but context-sensitive sham signals based on skin conductance responses exert a stronger influence on emotional regulation compared to individual sham feedback from ongoing pupil dynamics. Also, sham feedback should forego unnatural signal behavior to avoid irritation and skepticism among participants. Altogether, a reasonable combination of stimulus features and sham feedback characteristics enables to considerably reduce the actual bodily responsiveness already within a single session.
In this paper the results of the investigations of the free oscillations of the pre-stressed flexible structure elements are presented . Two cases of the central preliminary stress are investigated : without intermediate fastening of the tie to the flexible element and with the intermediate fastening in the middle of the element length. The given physical model can be applied to the flexible sloping shells and arches, membranes, large space antenna fields (besides flexible elements). The peculiarity of these systems is the possibility of the non-adjacent equilibrium form existence at the definite relations of the physical parameters . The transition from one stable equilibrium form to another, non-adjacent form, may be treated as jump. In this case they are called systems with buckling or the systems with two potential «gaps». These systems commenced the new section of the mathematical physics - the theory of chaos and strange attractors. The analysis of the solutions confirms the received for the first time by the author and given in effect of the oscillation period doubling of the system during the transition from the «small» oscillations relatively center to the >large< relatively all three equilibrium conditions. The character of the frequency (period) dependence on the free oscillation amplitudes of the non-linear system also confirms the received earlier result of the duality of the system behaviour : >small< oscillations possess the qualities of soft system; >large< oscillations possess the qualities of rigid system. The >small< oscillation natural frequency changing, depending on the oscillation amplitudes, is in the internal . Here the frequency takes zero value at the amplitude values Aa and Ad (or Aa and Ae ); the frequency takes maximum value at the amplitude value near point b .The >large< oscillation natural frequency changes in the interval . Here is also observed . The influence of the tie intermediate fastening doesn't introduce qualitative changes in the behaviour of the investigated system. It only increases ( four times ) the critical value of the preliminary tension force
In the design of a structure, the implementation of reliable soil-foundation-structure interaction into the analysis process plays a very important role. The paper presents a determination of parameters of a suitably chosen soil-foundation model and their influence on the structure response. Since the mechanical data for the structure can be determined with satisfactory accuracy, the properties of the soil-foundation model were identified using measured dynamic response of the real structure. A simple model describing soil-foundation structure was incorporated into the classical 3-D finite element analysis of the structure with commercial software. Results obtained from the measured data on the pier were afterwards compared with those obtained with the finite model of the pier-foundation-soil structure. On the basis of this comparison the coefficients describing the properties in the soil-foundation model were adjusted until the calculated dynamic response coincided with the measured ones. In this way, the difference between both results was reduced to 1%. Full-scale tests measuring eigenmotion of the bridge were performed through all erection stages of the new bridge in Maribor. In this way an effective and experimentally verified 3-D model for a complex dynamic analysis of the bridge under the earthquake loading was obtained. The significant advantage of the obtained model is that it was updated on the basis of the dynamic measurements thus improving the model on the basis of in-situ geomechanical measurements. The model is very accurate in describing the upper structure and economical in describing the soil mass thus representing an optimal solution regarding computational efforts.