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- OA-Publikationsfonds2021 (13) (remove)
Schlagworte wir Kooperation, Koproduktion und Kollaboration sind in Planungswissenschaften und Architektur schwer in Mode. Selten wird allerdings dargelegt, was diese Art(en) der Zusammenarbeit zwischen zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren auf der einen Seite und staatlichen Akteuren aus Politik und Verwaltung auf der anderen Seite von gewöhnlichen Formen der Partizipation und Bürger_innenbeteiligung unterscheidet. Anders im Buch von Michael Ziehl: Ihm gelingt es, anhand eines Fallbeispiels die intensive Zusammenarbeit zwischen Aktivist_innen rund ums Hamburger Gängeviertel und verschiedenen städtischen Institutionen detailliert nachzuzeichnen und damit den qualitativen Unterschied zwischen Kooperation und Beteiligung nachvollziehbar zu machen.
Durch internationale Fluchtbewegungen über die sogenannte Balkanroute bildete sich in Serbiens Hauptstadt Belgrad in den letzten Jahren ein sogenannter Refugee District heraus. Im Kontext von Migration und Flucht werden dabei zahlreiche Spannungsfelder auf unterschiedlichen räumlichen und politischen Ebenen sichtbar. Für Flüchtende kreieren diese eine Situation, die von Stillstand, Ausweglosigkeit, Kontrolle, Gefahr und Verdrängung geprägt ist. Allerdings führen die Vielschichtigkeit und die Diversität unterschiedlicher Akteur*innen, die bezüglich der Situation von Flüchtenden auf der Balkanroute wirkmächtig sind, auch zu Nischen, Widerständigkeiten und der Möglichkeit (neuer) Allianzen. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine kollektive Praktik der Nicht-Bewegung im Widerstand gegen die Unterdrückung und für globale Bewegungsfreiheit.
Die Zukunft war jetzt
(2021)
Die US-amerikanische Kulturanthropologin Christina Schwenkel legt mit Building socialism eine quellengesättigte ethnografische Studie über Zerstörung, Wiederaufbau und Nutzungsperspektiven der vietnamesischen Stadt Vinh vor. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den agencies der Beteiligten. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht ein Quartier, dessen Wohnblocks mit materieller und ideeller Unterstützung der DDR errichtet wurden. Nicht nur sind die methodischen Zugänge der Untersuchung vielversprechend und gewinnbringend – angesichts des drohenden Stadtumbaus, der für die Bewohner:innen des Quartiers Quang Trung Abriss und Verdrängung bedeuten würde, gewinnt ihre städtebauhistorische Ethnografie auch an politischer Relevanz.
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a highly applicable material that is used in 3D printers due to some significant features such as its deformation property and affordable cost. For improvement of the end-use quality, it is of significant importance to enhance the quality of fused filament fabrication (FFF)-printed objects in PLA. The purpose of this investigation was to boost toughness and to reduce the production cost of the FFF-printed tensile test samples with the desired part thickness. To remove the need for numerous and idle printing samples, the response surface method (RSM) was used. Statistical analysis was performed to deal with this concern by considering extruder temperature (ET), infill percentage (IP), and layer thickness (LT) as controlled factors. The artificial intelligence method of artificial neural network (ANN) and ANN-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were further developed to estimate the toughness, part thickness, and production-cost-dependent variables. Results were evaluated by correlation coefficient and RMSE values. According to the modeling results, ANN-GA as a hybrid machine learning (ML) technique could enhance the accuracy of modeling by about 7.5, 11.5, and 4.5% for toughness, part thickness, and production cost, respectively, in comparison with those for the single ANN method. On the other hand, the optimization results confirm that the optimized specimen is cost-effective and able to comparatively undergo deformation, which enables the usability of printed PLA objects.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to public health worldwide. In addition to public health, AMR also poses a major threat to food security and economic development. Current sanitation systems contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR and lack effective AMR mitigation measures. This study assesses source separation of blackwater as a mitigation measure against AMR. A source-separation-modified combined sanitation system with separate collection of blackwater and graywater is conceptually described. Measures taken at the source, such as the separate collection and discharge of material flows, were not considered so far on a load balance basis, i.e., they have not yet been evaluated for their effectiveness. The sanitation system described is compared with a combined system and a separate system regarding AMR emissions by means of simulation. AMR is represented in the simulation model by one proxy parameter each for antibiotics (sulfamethoxa-zole), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli), and antibiotic re-sistance genes (blaTEM). The simulation results suggest that the source-separation-based sanitation system reduces emissions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes into the aquatic environment by more than six logarithm steps compared to combined systems. Sulfa-methoxazole emissions can be reduced by 75.5% by keeping blackwater separate from graywater and treating it sufficiently. In summary, sanitation systems incorporating source separation are, to date, among the most effective means of preventing the emission of AMR into the aquatic envi-ronment.
The growing complexity of modern practical problems puts high demand on mathematical modelling. Given that various models can be used for modelling one physical phenomenon, the role of model comparison and model choice is becoming particularly important. Methods for model comparison and model choice typically used in practical applications nowadays are computationbased, and thus time consuming and computationally costly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop other approaches to working abstractly, i.e., without computations, with mathematical models. An abstract description of mathematical models can be achieved by the help of abstract mathematics, implying formalisation of models and relations between them. In this paper, a category theory-based approach to mathematical modelling is proposed. In this way, mathematical models are formalised in the language of categories, relations between the models are formally defined and several practically relevant properties are introduced on the level of categories. Finally, an illustrative example is presented, underlying how the category-theory based approach can be used in practice. Further, all constructions presented in this paper are also discussed from a modelling point of view by making explicit the link to concrete modelling scenarios.
A vast number of existing buildings were constructed before the development and enforcement of seismic design codes, which run into the risk of being severely damaged under the action of seismic excitations. This poses not only a threat to the life of people but also affects the socio-economic stability in the affected area. Therefore, it is necessary to assess such buildings’ present vulnerability to make an educated decision regarding risk mitigation by seismic strengthening techniques such as retrofitting. However, it is economically and timely manner not feasible to inspect, repair, and augment every old building on an urban scale. As a result, a reliable rapid screening methods, namely Rapid Visual Screening (RVS), have garnered increasing interest among researchers and decision-makers alike. In this study, the effectiveness of five different Machine Learning (ML) techniques in vulnerability prediction applications have been investigated. The damage data of four different earthquakes from Ecuador, Haiti, Nepal, and South Korea, have been utilized to train and test the developed models. Eight performance modifiers have been implemented as variables with a supervised ML. The investigations on this paper illustrate that the assessed vulnerability classes by ML techniques were very close to the actual damage levels observed in the buildings.
Biofeedback constitutes a well-established, non-invasive method to voluntary interfere in emotional processing by means of cognitive strategies. However, treatment durations exhibit strong inter-individual variations and first successes can often be achieved only after a large number of sessions. Sham feedback constitutes a rather untapped approach by providing feedback that does not correspond to the participant’s actual state. The current study aims to gain insights into mechanisms of sham feedback processing in order to support new techniques in biofeedback therapy. We carried out two experiments and applied different types of sham feedback on skin conductance responses and pupil size changes during affective processing. Results indicate that standardized but context-sensitive sham signals based on skin conductance responses exert a stronger influence on emotional regulation compared to individual sham feedback from ongoing pupil dynamics. Also, sham feedback should forego unnatural signal behavior to avoid irritation and skepticism among participants. Altogether, a reasonable combination of stimulus features and sham feedback characteristics enables to considerably reduce the actual bodily responsiveness already within a single session.
This article is focused on the research and development of new cellulose ether derivatives as innovative superplasticizers for mortar systems. Several synthetic strategies have been pursued to obtain new compounds to study their properties on cementitious systems as new bio-based additives. The new water-soluble admixtures were synthesized using a complex carboxymethylcellulose-based backbone that was first hydrolyzed and then sulfo-ethylated in the presence of sodium vinyl sulphonate. Starting with a complex biopolymer that is widely known as a thickening agent was very challenging. Only by varying the hydrolysis times and temperatures of the reactions was achieved the aimed goal. The obtained derivatives showed different molecular weight (Mw) and anionic charges on their backbones. An improvement in shear stress and dynamic viscosity values of CEM II 42.5R cement was observed with the samples obtained with a longer time of higher temperature hydrolysis and sulfo-ethylation. Investigations into the chemical nature of the pore solution, calorimetric studies and adsorption experiments clearly showed the ability of carboxymethyl cellulose superplasticizer (CMC SP) to interact with cement grains and influence hydration processes within a 48-h time window, causing a delay in hydration reactions in the samples. The fluidity of the cementitious matrices was ascertained through slump test and preliminary studies of mechanical and flexural strength of the hardened mortar formulated with the new ecological additives yielded values in terms of mechanical properties. Finally, the computed tomography (CT) images completed the investigation of the pore network structure of hardened specimens, highlighting their promising structure porosity.
Stadtpolitik für alle
(2021)
Die Corona-Krise hat die Erosion städtischer Solidarität offen zu Tage treten lassen. Dagegen bringen Anton Brokow-Loga und Frank Eckardt in dieser Schrift die praktische Utopie einer solidarischen Postwachstumsstadt „auf den Punkt“.
Vom Commoning über die Umverteilung der städtischen Flächen bis zu einer sozial-ökologischen Verkehrswende: Eine progressive Stadtpolitik für alle überwindet bisheriges Schubladendenken. Sie setzt stattdessen auf heterogene Zusammenhänge und ungewöhnliche Bündnisse. Zu dem hier umrissenen Vorhaben gehört auch, eine basisdemokratisch orientierte Stadtpolitik mit dem Ziel einer umfassenden Transformation von Stadt und Gesellschaft zu verknüpfen.
Wie kann ein Blick auf die kommunale Ebene helfen, globalen Ungerechtigkeiten zu begegnen? Welchen Weg weisen munizipalistische Plattformen und Vergemeinschaftungen jenseits von Privat- oder Staatseigentum?