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In this contribution, the design of an analysis environment is presented, that supports an analyst to come to a decision within a gradual collaborative planning process. An analyst represents a project manager, planner or any other person, involved in the planning process. Today, planning processes are managed by several geographically distributed planners and project managers. Thus, complexity of such a process rises even more. Prediction of consequences of many planning decisions is not possible, in particular since assessment of a planning advance is not trivial. There have to be considered several viewpoints, that depend on individual perceptions. In the following, methods are presented to realize planning decision support.
Building activities in the construction industry in Germany increasingly concentrate on building measures in or involving the existing built environment. Before planning can begin, buildings must be surveyed in whole or in part with the surveying of geometric data playing a dominant role. The geometric survey is typically undertaken using geodetic or photogrammetric measuring techniques and equipment that have been adapted for use in building surveying. Accordingly appropriate technical knowledge is required in order to be able to operate them as well as a considerable financial investment. Such equipment and surveying methods are usually adaptations from other disciplines. The paper discusses and presents approaches to developing “new” equipment for building surveying, devised with the needs of building surveying in mind – redesigns or new designs for surveying tools. The designs are the result of an inter-disciplinary project between the Faculty of Architecture and the Faculty of Product Design at the Bauhaus Universität Weimar.
This paper deals with two different agent-based approaches aimed at the incorporation of complex design information into multi-agent planning systems. The first system facilitates collaborative structural design processes, the second one supports fire engineering in buildings. Both approaches are part of two different research projects that belong to the DFG1 priority program 1103 entitled “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering“ (DFG 2000). The two approaches provide similar database wrapper agents to integrate relevant design information into two multi-agent systems: Database wrapper agents make the relevant product model data usable for further agents in the multi-agent system, independent on their physical location. Thus, database wrapper agents act as an interface between multi-agent system and heterogeneous database systems. The communication between the database wrapper agents and other requesting agents presumes a common vocabulary: a specific database ontology that maps database related message contents into database objects. Hereby, the software-wrapping technology enables the various design experts to plug in existing database systems and data resources into a specific multi-agent system easily. As a consequence, dynamic changes in the design information of large collaborative engineering projects are adequately supported. The flexible architecture of the database wrapper agent concept is demonstrated by the integration of an XML and a relational database system.
The paper presents the abstraction of process relevant information in order to enable the workflow management based on semantic data. It is shown for three examples, how the standards define the information needed to perform a certain planning activity. Abstraction of process relevant information is discussed for different granularities of the underlying processmodel. As one possible application ProMiSE is introduced, which uses process relevant data in individual tokens in a petri-net based process-model.
Building design in Civil Engineering is characterized by the cooperation of experts in multiple disciplines. Close cooperation of engineers in different fields is the basis of high product quality, short development periods and a minimum of investment costs. For each building the engineers have to create a new fire engineering model. The consistent realization of the fire engineering model in all details has high demands on communication, collaboration and building models. Thereby, to preserve the related design models consistent to each other and compatible with the rules of fire engineering is a complex task. In addition, regulations and guidelines vary according to the building location, so the knowledge base must be integrated dynamically into the planning process. This contribution covers the integration of engineers and design models into a cooperation network on the basis of mobile agents. The distributed models of architectural design, structural planning and fire engineering are supported. These models are implemented as XML-based models which can be accessed by mobile agents for information retrieval and for processing tasks. Agents are provided to all planners, they are enabled to check up the distributed design models with the knowledge base of the fire protection regulations,. With the use of such an agent each planner is supported to check up his planning for accordance with the fire protection requirements. The fire-engineering-agent analyzes the design and detects inconsistencies by processing fire protection requirements and design model facts in a rule-based expert system. The possibility to check the planning information at an early state in the sense of compatibility to the fire protection regulations enables a comprehensive diagnosis of the design and the reduction of planning errors.
The contribution introduces a method for the distributed process modelling in order to support the process orientation in Structural Engineering, i.e., the modelling, analysis and management of planning processes. The approach is based on the Petri Net theory for the modelling of planning processes and workflows in Structural Engineering. Firstly, a central and coarse process model serves as a pre-structuring system for the detailed modelling of the technical planning activities. Secondly, the involved planning participants generate distributed process models with detailed technical workflow information. Finally, these distributed process models will be combined in the central workflow net. The final net is of great importance for the process orientation in Structural Engineering, i.e., the identification, publication, analysis, optimization and finally the management of planning processes.
Cost and Schedule Controlling in Relation to Liquidity Management during Construction Projects
(2004)
The present paper describes a software application which can be used for relating the scheduled events of a construction project with the respective financial parameters, leading to an overall improvement in general controlling and liquidity management. For this purpose, existing construction schedules are taken and details of the assignment are recorded. Thus it becomes possible to assess a future payment status should changes in the designated schedule occur.
The increasing demands in building and civil engineering – with regard to the growing amount of legal requirements and the needs of a flexible usage of the building - requires an optimisation of all processes during the planning and construction phases. This aim can be only reached by transferring of innovative information and communication technologies in the field of cooperation of all partners in a building project. In this article the enhancement of the existing planning processes based on an improved information management is introduced. Since the late 90ies the availability of hardware and software infrastructures for a networkbased cooperation, e.g. email, in small and middle-sized companies increased the problems of an unstructured communication in the planning and construction processes. These problems have not been solved by the usage of the upcoming project communication systems either, which are often used as a simple medium for data transfer. Because of the easy way of distributing documents to all planning partners a huge amount of files and subsequent versions can be stored so that the planners often have to scope with an information overflow. The underlying hierarchical structures based on simple files stored in tree views are not sufficient for an adequate representation of the different specific views of the planners and the management of relationships between the three information domains building structure, costs and time schedules. ..
Die Planung komplexer Bauwerke erfolgt zunehmend mit rechnergestützten Planungswerkzeugen, die den Export von Bauwerksinformationen im STEP-Format auf Grundlage der Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) ermöglichen. Durch die Verfügbarkeit dieser Schnittstelle ist es möglich, Bauwerksinformationen für eine weiterführende applikationsübergreifende Verarbeitung bereitzustellen. Ein großer Teil der bereitgestellten Informationen bezieht sich auf die geometrische Beschreibung der einzelnen Bauteile. Um den am Bauprozess Beteiligten eine optimale Auswertung und Analyse der Bauwerksinformationen zu ermöglichen, ist deren Visualisierung unumgänglich. Das IFC-Modell stellt diese Daten mit Hilfe verschiedener Geometriemodelle bereit. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Visualisierung von IFC-Objekten mittels Java3D. Er beschränkt sich dabei auf die Darstellung von Objekten, deren Geometrie mittels Boundary Representation (Brep) oder Surface-Model-Repräsentation beschrieben wird.
Die Planung von komplexen Bauwerken erfolgt zunehmend mit Planungswerkzeugen, die den Export von Bauwerksinformationen im STEP-Format auf Grundlage der IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) erlauben. Durch die Verfügbarkeit dieser Schnittstelle ist es möglich, Bauwerksinformationen für die weiterführende Verarbeitung zu verwenden. Zur Visualisierung der geometrischen Daten stehen innerhalb der IFC verschiedene geometrische Modelle für die Darstellung von Bauteilen zur Verfügung. Unter anderem werden für das „Ausschneiden“ von Öffnungen aus Bauteilen (z.B. für Fenster und Türen) geometrische boolesche Operationen benötigt.
Gegenstand des Beitrags ist die Vorstellung eines Algorithmus zur Berechnung von booleschen Operationen auf Basis eines triangulierten B-Rep (Boundary Representation) Modells nach HUBBARD (1990). Da innerhalb von IFC-Gebäudemodellen Bauteile oft das Resultat mehrerer boolescher Operationen sind (z.B. um mehrere Fensteröffnungen von einer gegebenen Wand abzuziehen), wurde der Algorithmus von Hubbard angepasst, sodass mehrere boolesche Operationen gleichzeitig berechnet werden können. Durch diese Optimierung wird eine deutliche Reduzierung der benötigten Berechnungen und somit der Rechenzeit erreicht.
One of the most promising and recent advances in computer-based planning is the transition from classical geometric modeling to building information modeling (BIM). Building information models support the representation, storage, and exchange of various information relevant to construction planning. This information can be used for describing, e.g., geometric/physical properties or costs of a building, for creating construction schedules, or for representing other characteristics of construction projects. Based on this information, plans and specifications as well as reports and presentations of a planned building can be created automatically. A fundamental principle of BIM is object parameterization, which allows specifying geometrical, numerical, algebraic and associative dependencies between objects contained in a building information model. In this paper, existing challenges of parametric modeling using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) as a federated model for integrated planning are shown, and open research questions are discussed.
IFC-BASED MONITORING INFORMATION MODELING FOR DATA MANAGEMENT IN STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING
(2015)
This conceptual paper discusses opportunities and challenges towards the digital representation of structural health monitoring systems using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. State-of-the-art sensor nodes, collecting structural and environmental data from civil infrastructure systems, are capable of processing and analyzing the data sets directly on-board the nodes. Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on sensor nodes that possess so called “on-chip intelligence” is, in this study, referred to as “intelligent SHM”, and the infrastructure system being equipped with an intelligent SHM system is referred to as “intelligent infrastructure”. Although intelligent SHM will continue to grow, it is not possible, on a well-defined formalism, to digitally represent information about sensors, about the overall SHM system, and about the monitoring strategies being implemented (“monitoring-related information”). Based on a review of available SHM regulations and guidelines as well as existing sensor models and sensor modeling languages, this conceptual paper investigates how to digitally represent monitoring-related information in a semantic model. With the Industry Foundation Classes, there exists an open standard for the digital representation of building information; however, it is not possible to represent monitoring-related information using the IFC object model. This paper proposes a conceptual approach for extending the current IFC object model in order to include monitoring-related information. Taking civil infrastructure systems as an illustrative example, it becomes possible to adequately represent, process, and exchange monitoring-related information throughout the whole life cycle of civil infrastructure systems, which is referred to as monitoring information modeling (MIM). However, since this paper is conceptual, additional research efforts are required to further investigate, implement, and validate the proposed concepts and methods.
The 20th International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering will be held at the Bauhaus University Weimar from 20th till 22nd July 2015. Architects, computer scientists, mathematicians, and engineers from all over the world will meet in Weimar for an interdisciplinary exchange of experiences, to report on their results in research, development and practice and to discuss. The conference covers a broad range of research areas: numerical analysis, function theoretic methods, partial differential equations, continuum mechanics, engineering applications, coupled problems, computer sciences, and related topics. Several plenary lectures in aforementioned areas will take place during the conference.
We invite architects, engineers, designers, computer scientists, mathematicians, planners, project managers, and software developers from business, science and research to participate in the conference!
In construction engineering, a schedule’s input data, which is usually not exactly known in the planning phase, is considered deterministic when generating the schedule. As a result, construction schedules become unreliable and deadlines are often not met. While the optimization of construction schedules with respect to costs and makespan has been a matter of research in the past decades, the optimization of the robustness of construction schedules has received little attention. In this paper, the effects of uncertainties inherent to the input data of construction schedules are discussed. Possibilities are investigated to improve the reliability of construction schedules by considering alternative processes for certain tasks and by identifying the combination of processes generating the most robust schedule with respect to the makespan of a construction project.
30. Forum Bauinformatik
(2018)
Die Bauhaus-Universität Weimar ist seit langer Zeit mit dem Forum Bauinformatik eng verbunden. So wurde die Veranstaltung 1989 hier durch den Arbeitskreis Bauinformatik ins Leben gerufen und auch das 10. und 18. Forum Bauinformatik (1998 bzw. 2006) fand in Weimar statt. In diesem Jahr freuen wir uns daher besonders, das 30. Jubiläum an der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar ausrichten zu dürfen und viele interessierte Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen aus dem Bereich der Bauinformatik in Weimar willkommen zu heißen.
Das Forum Bauinformatik hat sich längst zu einem festen Bestandteil der Bauinformatik im deutschsprachigen Raum entwickelt. Dabei steht es traditionsgemäß unter dem Motto „von jungen Forschenden für junge Forschende“, wodurch insbesondere Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und ‑wissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit geboten wird, ihre Forschungsarbeiten zu präsentieren, Problemstellungen fachspezifisch zu diskutieren und sich über den neuesten Stand der Forschung zu informieren. Zudem wird eine ausgezeichnete Gelegenheit geboten, in die wissenschaftliche Gemeinschaft im Bereich der Bauinformatik einzusteigen und Kontakte mit anderen Forschenden zu knüpfen.
In diesem Jahr erhielten wir 49 interessante und qualitativ hochwertige Beiträge vor allem in den Themenbereichen Simulation, Modellierung, Informationsverwaltung, Geoinformatik, Structural Health Monitoring, Visualisierung, Verkehrssimulation und Optimierung. Dafür möchten wir uns ganz besonders bei allen Autoren, Co-Autoren und Reviewern bedanken, die durch ihr Engagement das diesjährige Forum Bauinformatik erst möglich gemacht haben. Wir danken zudem Professor Große und Professor Díaz für die Unterstützung bei der Auswahl der Beiträge für die Best Paper Awards.
Ein herzliches Dankeschön geht an die Kollegen an der Professur Informatik im Bauwesen der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar für die organisatorische, technische und beratende Unterstützung während der Planung der Veranstaltung.
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Problematik bei der Prognose verkehrsbedingter Schadstoff-Immissionen. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Entwicklung und der Aufbau einer Simulationsumgebung zur Evaluation von umweltorientierten Verkehrsmanagement-Strategien. Die Simulationsumgebung wird über die drei Felder Verkehr, Emission, Immission entwickelt und findet zunächst Anwendung in der Evaluation verkehrlicher Maßnahmen für die Friedberger Landstraße in Frankfurt am Main.