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The synchronous distributed processing of common source code in the software development process is supported by well proven methods. The planning process has similarities with the software development process. However, there are no consistent and similarly successful methods for applications in construction projects. A new approach is proposed in this contribution.
The research of the best building design requires a concerted design approach of both structure and foundation. Our work is an application of this approach. Our objective is also to create an interactive tool, which will be able to define, at the early design stages, the orientations of structure and foundation systems that satisfy as well as possible the client and the architect. If the concerns of these two actors are primarily technical and economical, they also wish to apprehend the environmental and social dimensions of their projects. Thus, this approach bases on alternative studies and on a multi-criterion analysis. In this paper, we present the context of our work, the problem formulation, which allows a concerted design of Structure and Foundation systems and the feasible solutions identifying process.
The contribution focuses on the development of a basic computational scheme that provides a suitable calculation environment for the coupling of analytical near-field solutions with numerical standard procedures in the far-field of the singularity. The proposed calculation scheme uses classical methods of complex function theory, which can be generalized to 3-dimensional problems by using the framework of hypercomplex analysis. The adapted approach is mainly based on the factorization of the Laplace operator EMBED Equation.3 by the Cauchy-Riemann operator EMBED Equation.3 , where exact solutions of the respective differential equation are constructed by using an orthonormal basis of holomorphic and anti-holomorphic functions.
A coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model of jointed hard rock for compressed air energy storage
(2014)
Renewable energy resources such as wind and solar are intermittent, which causes instability when being connected to utility grid of electricity. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) provides an economic and technical viable solution to this problem by utilizing subsurface rock cavern to store the electricity generated by renewable energy in the form of compressed air. Though CAES has been used for over three decades, it is only restricted to salt rock or aquifers for air tightness reason. In this paper, the technical feasibility of utilizing hard rock for CAES is investigated by using a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) modelling of nonisothermal gas flow. Governing equations are derived from the rules of energy balance, mass balance, and static equilibrium. Cyclic volumetric mass source and heat source models are applied to simulate the gas injection and production. Evaluation is carried out for intact rock and rock with discrete crack, respectively. In both cases, the heat and pressure losses using air mass control and supplementary air injection are compared.
For the safe and efficient operation of dams, frequent monitoring and maintenance are required. These are usually expensive, time consuming, and cumbersome. To alleviate these issues, we propose applying a wave-based scheme for the location and quantification of damages in dams.
To obtain high-resolution “interpretable” images of the damaged regions, we drew inspiration from non-linear full-multigrid methods for inverse problems and applied a new cyclic multi-stage full-waveform inversion (FWI) scheme. Our approach is less susceptible to the stability issues faced by the standard FWI scheme when dealing with ill-posed problems. In this paper, we first selected an optimal acquisition setup and then applied synthetic data to demonstrate the capability of our approach in identifying a series of anomalies in dams by a mixture of reflection and transmission tomography. The results had sufficient robustness, showing the prospects of application in the field of non-destructive testing of dams.
Interactive scientific visualizations are widely used for the visual exploration and examination of physical data resulting from measurements or simulations. Driven by technical advancements of data acquisition and simulation technologies, especially in the geo-scientific domain, large amounts of highly detailed subsurface data are generated. The oil and gas industry is particularly pushing such developments as hydrocarbon reservoirs are increasingly difficult to discover and exploit. Suitable visualization techniques are vital for the discovery of the reservoirs as well as their development and production. However, the ever-growing scale and complexity of geo-scientific data sets result in an expanding disparity between the size of the data and the capabilities of current computer systems with regard to limited memory and computing resources.
In this thesis we present a unified out-of-core data-virtualization system supporting geo-scientific data sets consisting of multiple large seismic volumes and height-field surfaces, wherein each data set may exceed the size of the graphics memory or possibly even the main memory. Current data sets fall within the range of hundreds of gigabytes up to terabytes in size. Through the mutual utilization of memory and bandwidth resources by multiple data sets, our data-management system is able to share and balance limited system resources among different data sets. We employ multi-resolution methods based on hierarchical octree and quadtree data structures to generate level-of-detail working sets of the data stored in main memory and graphics memory for rendering. The working set generation in our system is based on a common feedback mechanism with inherent support for translucent geometric and volumetric data sets. This feedback mechanism collects information about required levels of detail during the rendering process and is capable of directly resolving data visibility without the application of any costly occlusion culling approaches. A central goal of the proposed out-of-core data management system is an effective virtualization of large data sets. Through an abstraction of the level-of-detail working sets, our system allows developers to work with extremely large data sets independent of their complex internal data representations and physical memory layouts.
Based on this out-of-core data virtualization infrastructure, we present distinct rendering approaches for specific visualization problems of large geo-scientific data sets. We demonstrate the application of our data virtualization system and show how multi-resolution data can be treated exactly the same way as regular data sets during the rendering process. An efficient volume ray casting system is presented for the rendering of multiple arbitrarily overlapping multi-resolution volume data sets. Binary space-partitioning volume decomposition of the bounding boxes of the cube-shaped volumes is used to identify the overlapping and non-overlapping volume regions in order to optimize the rendering process. We further propose a ray casting-based rendering system for the visualization of geological subsurface models consisting of multiple very detailed height fields. The rendering of an entire stack of height-field surfaces is accomplished in a single rendering pass using a two-level acceleration structure, which combines a minimum-maximum quadtree for empty-space skipping and sorted lists of depth intervals to restrict ray intersection searches to relevant height fields and depth ranges. Ultimately, we present a unified rendering system for the visualization of entire geological models consisting of highly detailed stacked horizon surfaces and massive volume data. We demonstrate a single-pass ray casting approach facilitating correct visual interaction between distinct translucent model components, while increasing the rendering efficiency by reducing processing overhead of potentially invisible parts of the model. The combination of image-order rendering approaches and the level-of-detail feedback mechanism used by our out-of-core data-management system inherently accounts for occlusions of different data types without the application of costly culling techniques.
The unified out-of-core data-management and virtualization infrastructure considerably facilitates the implementation of complex visualization systems. We demonstrate its applicability for the visualization of large geo-scientific data sets using output-sensitive rendering techniques. As a result, the magnitude and multitude of data sets that can be interactively visualized is significantly increased compared to existing approaches.
Abstract Developing and emerging tropical Asian countries have encountered fast urban development due to the migration of farmers seeking a better life in the city. This resulted in a lack of appro-priate infrastructure and inappropriate social services in many cities. Municipal solid waste management is no exception and is in fact often placed at the bottom of the list of priorities for the cities’ appropriate urban management plans since laws and regulations must first be for-mulated and implemented. The problem of unmanaged municipal solid waste certainly leads to air pollution, disease, and to soil and water contamination. These problems in tropical climates are compounded with high temperature, high-level humidity, heavy rainfall and frequent flooding. Stagnant water and leachate from waste quickly become the breeding grounds of in-sects, rodents and bacteria, thus creating a health hazard for workers and local populations. Moreover, water and groundwater contamination may lead to serious environmental degrada-tion with direct impacts on water supplies, and in the fast degradation of agricultural products, the backbone of most tropical Asian countries. Many cities still allow or tolerate dumping of waste in uncontrolled sites, and open burning that disperses particulates that most likely contain dioxins and furans. Even with increasingly scarce land availability within or in proximity of the cities, sanitary landfill is still the most often cho-sen disposal method around Asia because of its lower cost when compared to modern treatment systems. Yet, most of these landfill sites do not have proper lining, daily covering, methane recovery devices, leachate control systems, nor do they have long-term closure and monitoring plans, which implies short and long-term hazards. Some municipalities opted for incineration, which usually entails high operation and maintenance costs because of the need for supple-mental fuel and often-inappropriate running conditions. Although tropical conditions appear to favor certain disposal systems such as composting, appropriate technology needs to be identi-fied in order to reduce operation and maintenance costs while ensuring good quality outputs; compost plants have often been closed because of poor quality products due to the high content of plastic and glass particulates in the finished product. Tropical Asian cities are now required to identify affordable and sustainable solutions for the management of their increasing amount of waste generated daily, while ensuring minimal environmental impact, social acceptance and minimal land use. The purpose of this dissertation was to develop a user-friendly decision-making tool for public administrators and government officials in tropical Asian developing and emerging cities. This tool was developed based on a list of selected decision-making issues necessary in making an informed decision. The decision-making tool is to be used by decision-makers in making a pre-liminary assessment of a most appropriate waste management and treatment system for their municipality. Tropical Asian cities must consider a number of issues when deciding on their waste management plan such as the continuously changing quantum and composition of waste associated with the increasing population and income per capita, the high humidity levels, and the often-limited financial resources. Other determinant factors include legal, political, institu-tional, social and technical issues. Furthermore, administrators must realize the importance of each stage involved in waste management, which includes waste generation, collection, trans-port, waste characteristics, disposal and treatment. To better understand the complexity of the issues involved in tropical Asian municipalities, the city of Bangkok, Thailand’s largest city and capital, was selected as a case study for the management of its 9,000 tonnes of waste gen-erated daily. Numerous interviews, meetings along with the review of documents, reports and site visits offered an inside view of the tropical city’s various decision-making issues towards its waste management plan, and examine specific problems encountered by the city’s decision-makers. The review and analysis of the decision-making issues involved in Bangkok’s waste management plan showed how the decision-making tool can be used in various Asian tropical cities. In conclusion, waste management in an emerging tropical country involves specific challenges that need to be addressed. Economical, technical and social criteria need to be fully understood as to capacitate government officials in the selection of the most appropriate urban waste man-agement system. Limited budgets, lack of public awareness and poor systems’ management often cloud decision-makers in choosing what appears to be the best solution in the short term, but more costly over the years. Weather conditions and scarcity of land in proximity of the city make waste management especially challenging. The decision-making framework offers a tool to decision-makers, as to facilitate the understanding and identification of key issues necessary in the formulation of a sustainable urban waste management plan and in the selection of a tech-nically, economically and socially acceptable integrated MSW management system. A detailed feasibility study and master plan will follow the preliminary study as to define the plant´s specifications, its location and its financing.