Refine
Document Type
- Article (23)
- Doctoral Thesis (18)
- Conference Proceeding (4)
- Book (1)
- Master's Thesis (1)
- Other (1)
Institute
- Professur Theorie und Geschichte der modernen Architektur (12)
- Institut für Europäische Urbanistik (11)
- Professur Informatik im Bauwesen (7)
- Professur Raumplanung und Raumforschung (4)
- Professur Sozialwissenschaftliche Stadtforschung (3)
- Professur Informatik in der Architektur (2)
- Professur Stadtplanung (2)
- Freie Kunst (1)
- Professur Bauformenlehre (1)
- Professur Entwerfen und Architekturtheorie (1)
Keywords
- Stadtplanung (48) (remove)
Recent years have seen a gradual shift in focus of international policies from a national and regional perspective to that of cities, a shift which is closely related to the rapid urbanization of developing countries. As revealed in the 2011 Revision of the World Urbanization Prospects published by the United Nations, 51% of the global population (approximately 3.6 billion people) lives in cities. The report predicts that by 2050, the world’s urban population will increase by 2.3 billion, making up 68% of the population. The growth of urbanization in the next few decades is expected to primarily come from developing countries, one third of which will be in China and India.
With rapid urbanization and the ongoing growth of mega cities, cities must become increasingly resilient and intelligent to cope with numerous challenges and crises like droughts and floods arising from extreme climate, destruction brought by severe natural disasters, and aggregated social contradictions resulting from economic crises. All cities face the urban development dynamics and uncertainties arising from these problems. Under such circumstances, cities are considered the critical path from crisis to prosperity, so scholars and organizations have proposed the construction of “resilient cities.” On the one hand, this theory emphasizes cities’ defenses and buffering capacity against disasters, crises and uncertainties, as well as recovery after destruction; on the other hand, it highlights the learning capacity of urban systems, identification of opportunities amid challenges, and maintenance of development vitality. Some scholars even believe that urban resilience is a powerful supplement to sustainable development. Hence, resilience assessment has become the latest and most important perspective for evaluating the development and crisis defense capacity of cities.
Rather than a general abstract concept, urban resilience is a comprehensive measurement of a city’s level of development. The dynamic development of problems is reflected through quantitative indicators and appraisal systems not only from the perspective of academic research, but also governmental policy, so as to scientifically guide development, and measure and compare cities’ development levels. Although international scholars have proposed
quantitative methods for urban resilience assessment, they are however insufficiently systematic and regionally adaptive for China’s current urban development needs. On the basis of comparative study on European and North American resilient city theories, therefore, this paper puts forwards a theoretical framework for resilient city systems consistent with China’s national conditions in light of economic development pressure, natural resource depletion, pollution, and other salient development crises in China. The key factors influencing urban resilience are taken into full consideration; expert appraisal is conducted based on the Delphi Method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to design an extensible and updatable resilient city evaluation system which is sufficiently systematic, geographically adaptable, and sustainable for China’s current urban development needs. Finally, Changsha is taken as the main case for empirical study on comprehensive evaluation of similar cities in Central China to improve the indicator system.
The aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate whether the German term “shrinking city” is appropriate to depopulating Polish cities. In order to do so an attempt to define the currently still vague notion of “shrinking city” was made. The urban development of Eastern Germany was thoroughly examined both in a short term perspective and in a wide historical as well as international context, with the Polish urban development used as reference. 25 cities (kreisfreie Städte) in Eastern Germany and depopulating Polish cities: Łódź and the Metropolis Silesia were chosen as case studies.
On the basis of the gathered information a “shrinking city” in Eastern Germany was defined as a city with a long-lasting population decrease coupled with over-dimensioned, growth-oriented development policies carried out for decades. Such a development path is triggering negative consequences in the spatial, economic and also demographic dimension, which tend to intensify each other.
The thesis postulates that the definition of the “shrinking city in Eastern Germany” is not appropriate to depopulating cities in Poland. Polish cities are characterized by a short-lasting population decrease and this trend is not triggering negative spatial and economic consequences. Oversized growth development policies were never present in the cities and they still suffer from great deficiencies in housing and other basic infrastructure, which derive from the socialist period. Furthermore, radical de-economization, known from Eastern German cities, did not occur in the Polish cities. Both Łódź and the Metropolis Silesia remain main production centers of the country.
This doctoral thesis presents a contradictory view to contemporary publications on “shrinking cities”, in which this phenomenon is regarded as having occurred suddenly after the collapse of the socialism. It proved that “shrinking cities” in Eastern Germany are not the outcome of short-lasting processes, but are deeply rooted in the past. Moreover, they represent a very distinct development pattern that highly differentiates from the one found in Central Eastern Europe and the one in Western Europe. In this way the doctoral thesis provided a new, critical approach to the discourse on “shrinking cities” in Germany. It also draws attention to the importance of the historical analysis in cities’ development research, particularly in cross border studies. In time of European integration peculiarities resulting from centuries of different spatial, economic and social development paths should not be underestimated.
Die kommunale Energiewende stellt die beteiligten Akteure vor große Herausforderungen: Auf Grundlage strukturierter Daten sollen Maßnahmen
für eine nachhaltige Infrastruktur geplant und umgesetzt werden. Oft fehlt
den Beteiligten jedoch das nötige Wissen über die lokalen Potentiale und Rahmenbedingungen—und an geeigneten Methoden der Informationsvermittlung. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Analyse der Planungsstrukturen und der Entwurf eines visuellen Informationssystems. Mit der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird gezeigt, wie mit Hilfe von Befragungen, partizipativen Visualisierungen, fiktionalen Szenarien und der systematischen Anwendung visueller Variablen eine fundierte Grundlage geschaffen werden kann für eine nutzerorientierte Gestaltung.
One of the main focuses of recent Chinese urban development is the creation and retrofitting of public spaces driven by the market force and demand. However, researches concerning human and cultural influences on shaping public spaces have been scanty. There still exist many undefined ambiguous planning aspects institutionally and legislatively. This is an explanatory research to address interactions, incorporations and interrelationship between the lived environment and its peoples. It is knowledge-seeking and normative. Theoretically, public space in a Chinese context is conceptualized; empirically, a selected case is inquired. The research has unfolded a comparatively complete understanding of China’s planning evolution and on-going practices. Data collection emphasizes the concept of ‘people’ and ‘space’. First-hand data is derived from the intensive fieldwork and observatory and participatory documentations. The ample detailed authentic empirical data empowers space syntax as a strong analysis tool in decoding how human’s activities influence the public space. Findings fall into two categories but interdependent. Firstly, it discloses the studied settlement as a generic, organic and incremental development model. Its growth and established environment is evolutionary and incremental, based on its intrinsic traditions, life values and available resources. As a self-sustaining settlement, it highlights certain vernacular traits of spatial development out of lifestyles and cultural practices. Its spatial articulation appears as a process parallel to socio-economic transitions. Secondly, crucial planning aspects are theoretically summarized to address the existing gap between current planning methodology and practicalities. It pinpoints several most significant and particular issues, namely, disintegrated land use system and urban planning; missing of urban design in the planning system, loss of a human-responsive environment resulted from standardized planning and under-estimation of heritage in urban development. The research challenges present Chinese planning laws and regulations through urban public space study; and pinpoints to yield certain growth leverage for planning and development. Thus, planning is able to empower inhabitants to make decisions along the process of shaping and sustaining their space. Therefore, it discusses not only legislative issues, concerning land use planning, urban design and heritage conservation. It leads to a pivotal proposal, i.e., the integration of human and their social spaces in formulating a new spatial strategy. It expects to inform policymakers of underpinning social values and cultural practices in reconfiguring postmodern Chinese spatiality. It propounds that social context endemic to communities shall be integrated as a crucial tool in spatial strategy design, hence to strengthen spatial attributes and improve life quality.
Contemporary planning practice is often criticized as too design-driven with a lack of both quantitative evaluation criteria and employment of models that anticipate the self-organizational forces shaping cities, resulting in significant gaps between plan and reality.
This study aims to introduce a modular toolbox prototype for spatial-analysis in data-poor environments. It is proposed to integrate designing, evaluation, and monitoring of urban development into one framework, thus supporting data-driven, on-demand urban design, and planning processes.
The proposed framework’s value will exemplarily be tested, focussing on the analysis and simulation of spatiotemporal growth trajectories taking the Lanzhou New Area as a case-study - a large scale new town project that struggles to attract residents and businesses.
Conducted analysis suggests that more attention should be given to spatiotemporal development paths to ensure that cities work more efficiently throughout any stage of development. Finally, early hints on general design strategies to achieve this goal are discussed with the assistance of the proposed toolbox.
Despite the high priority refugees are given in the public and political discussion, urban planning has not yet started to systematically consider the role of planning in asylum policy. Mostly, the subject of refugees’ arrival is addressed in local projects and housing without framing challenges and opportunities in the national and European context. A wider discussion on the used terminology of “integration” is missing just as much as a self-critical reflection on the orientation of planning discourses on the issue of housing only. In this editorial our thematic issue “European Cities Planning for Asylum” is introduced andresented.
There is an increasing need for 3D building extraction from aerial images for various applications such astown planning, environmental- and property-related studies. Aerial images usually reveal on one hand a certain amount of information not relevant for the given task of building extraction like vegetation, cars etc. On the other hand there is a loss of relevant information due to occlusions, low contrasts or disadvantageous perspectives. Therefore a promising concept for automated building reconstruction must incorporate a suffciantly complete model of the objects of interest. We propose a model-based approach to 3D building extraction from aerial images which reveals a tight coupling between a generic 3D object model and an explicit 2D image model. The generic object model employes domain specific volumetric primitives (i. e. building part models) and combination schemes. To cover the gap between 3D object models and 2D image data the image model is employed to predict the projective building appearences in aerial images. We present a strategy for a model-based building extraction based on the recognition-by-components principle and show first experimental results derived from international test sets
Development of sustainable urban environments assumes processing of large amount of data from various sources. It could be field study observations, results of simulations or information provided by modeling. This paper focuses on processing modeled data of pedestrian movement based on existed axial maps of particular environment. Introduced component allows further analysis by calculation of set of metrics based on inverted graph, which is built from given paths.