Bauhaus-Institut für zukunftsweisende Infrastruktursysteme (b.is)
Refine
Document Type
- Article (8)
- Doctoral Thesis (5)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
- Preprint (1)
Institute
Keywords
- Abwasser (3)
- Biogas (3)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (2)
- OA-Publikationsfonds2022 (2)
- crowdsourcing (2)
- elementary interaction (2)
- platform (2)
- set of objectives (2)
- Abfall (1)
- Abwasserreinigung (1)
- Abwasserwirtschaft (1)
- Allgemeinheit (1)
- Angewandte Mathematik (1)
- Antibiotikum (1)
- Biogasanlage (1)
- Biogasproduktion (1)
- Computational modeling (1)
- Curved thin-walled circular pipes (1)
- Data Mining (1)
- Dielectric materials (1)
- Dynamic Analysis (1)
- Dynamische Analyse (1)
- Electric Energy Consumption (1)
- Emission (1)
- Entwicklungsländer (1)
- Erfahrungswissen (1)
- Finite Element Method (1)
- Finite element methods (1)
- Fotokatalyse (1)
- Frequency (1)
- Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) (1)
- Geometrically nonlinear analysis (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Impedance measurement (1)
- Infrastruktur (1)
- Instrument (1)
- Kanal (1)
- Kompost (1)
- Luftverunreinigender Stoff (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Maissilage (1)
- Makroalgen (1)
- Manufacturing (1)
- Mongolia (1)
- Multikriteria-Entscheidung (1)
- Multikriterielle Entscheidungsanalyse (1)
- Neuartige Sanitärsysteme (1)
- OA-Publikationsfonds2020 (1)
- OA-Publikationsfonds2021 (1)
- OA-Publikationsfonds2023 (1)
- Operations Research (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Organoleptik (1)
- Partial differential equations (1)
- Pflanzenkohle (1)
- Photobioreaktor (1)
- Photobioreaktorsystem (1)
- Piezoelectric materials (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Raumordnung (1)
- Resistenz (1)
- Resonance (1)
- Resonanz (1)
- Ressourcen (1)
- Siedlungswasserwirtschaft (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Steuerungsansätze (1)
- Stochastik (1)
- Strukturmechanik (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transformation risks (1)
- Transformationsrisiken (1)
- UASB (1)
- UDDT (1)
- Verkehr (1)
- Wastewater manegement (1)
- antimicrobial resistance genes (1)
- artificial neural networks (ANN) (1)
- clustering (1)
- energy per order (1)
- forecasting (1)
- iPiT® (1)
- integrated sanitation system (1)
- micro-pollutant treatment (1)
- microbial resistances (1)
- multi-criteria decision analysis (1)
- multi-criteria decision analysis; (1)
- new alternative sanitation systems NASS (1)
- photocatalysis (1)
- reactor design (1)
- resource-oriented sanitation (1)
- source separation (1)
- support vector machine (SVM) (1)
- titanium dioxid (1)
- Öffentlichkeit (1)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to public health worldwide. In addition to public health, AMR also poses a major threat to food security and economic development. Current sanitation systems contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR and lack effective AMR mitigation measures. This study assesses source separation of blackwater as a mitigation measure against AMR. A source-separation-modified combined sanitation system with separate collection of blackwater and graywater is conceptually described. Measures taken at the source, such as the separate collection and discharge of material flows, were not considered so far on a load balance basis, i.e., they have not yet been evaluated for their effectiveness. The sanitation system described is compared with a combined system and a separate system regarding AMR emissions by means of simulation. AMR is represented in the simulation model by one proxy parameter each for antibiotics (sulfamethoxa-zole), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli), and antibiotic re-sistance genes (blaTEM). The simulation results suggest that the source-separation-based sanitation system reduces emissions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes into the aquatic environment by more than six logarithm steps compared to combined systems. Sulfa-methoxazole emissions can be reduced by 75.5% by keeping blackwater separate from graywater and treating it sufficiently. In summary, sanitation systems incorporating source separation are, to date, among the most effective means of preventing the emission of AMR into the aquatic envi-ronment.
In the early 2000s the pre-Columbian, anthropologically produced black soil in the Amazon basin, „Terra Preta de Índio“, received greater scientific attention. Compared to the surrounding poor soils, this very fertile anthrosol contains significantly higher levels of microorganisms and nutrients. The reason for this was determined to be the likewise high levels of charred biomass. This stable carbon, now called biochar, has since been intensively examined as an option to improve soil and to store carbon.
Although the creation of Terra Preta was most likely based on a purposeful utilization of organic residues from households and gardens, biochar plays no role in the current recycling of bio-waste. However, the implementation of biochar could lead to many improvements. Results from agricultural research suggest that not only the yield capacity of soils can be increased but also the process performance of composting and biogas plants.
The latter is especially relevant since currently about 40% of all collected bio-waste in Germany is recycled in an energy-material cascade consisting of anaerobic digestion and composting. The use of biochar in this cascade could then sequentially increase biogas yields, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve compost quality.
To realize the aforementioned advantages, the concept of biochar has to be integrated into the existing bio-waste cascade as practically as possible. This was done by the development of a theoretical scenario that allowed the analysis of energy and material flows to evaluate biochar’s recycling performance. Furthermore, the legal and economic framework were examined to assess the feasibility of the extended cascade and to suggest possible adjustments to the frameworks.
Antimicrobial resistances (AMR) are ranked among the top ten threats to public health and societal development worldwide. Toilet wastewater contained in domestic wastewater is a significant source of AMR entering the aquatic environment. The current commonly implemented combined sewer systems at times cause overflows during rain events, resulting in the discharge of untreated wastewater into the aquatic environment, thus promoting AMR. In this short research article, we describe an approach to transform combined sewer systems into source separation-modified combined sewer systems that separately treat toilet wastewater. We employ simulations for demonstrating that source separation-modified combined sewer systems reduce the emission of AMR- causing substances by up to 11.5 logarithm levels. Thus, source separation- modified combined sewer systems are amongst the most effective means of combating AMR.
KEYWORDS
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Problematik bei der Prognose verkehrsbedingter Schadstoff-Immissionen. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Entwicklung und der Aufbau einer Simulationsumgebung zur Evaluation von umweltorientierten Verkehrsmanagement-Strategien. Die Simulationsumgebung wird über die drei Felder Verkehr, Emission, Immission entwickelt und findet zunächst Anwendung in der Evaluation verkehrlicher Maßnahmen für die Friedberger Landstraße in Frankfurt am Main.
Neuartige Sanitärsysteme zielen auf eine ressourcenorientierte Verwertung von Abwasser ab. Erreicht werden soll dies durch die separate Erfassung von Abwasserteilströmen. In den Fachöffentlichkeiten der Wasserwirtschaft und Raumplanung werden neuartige Sanitärsysteme als ein geeigneter Ansatz für die zukünftige
Sicherung der Abwasserentsorgung in ländlichen Räumen betrachtet. Die Praxistauglichkeit dieser Systeme wurde zwar in Forschungsprojekten nachgewiesen, bisher erschweren jedoch für Abwasserentsorger vielfältige Risiken die Einführung einer ressourcenorientierten Abwasserbewirtschaftung. Ausgehend von einer Untersuchung der Kontexte bei der Umsetzung eines neuartigen Sanitärsystems im ländlichen Raum Thüringens wird in diesem Beitrag der Frage nachgegangen, wie auf Landesebene mit dem abwasserwirtschaftlichen Instrumentarium die Einführung von ressourcenorientierten Systemansätzen unterstützt werden kann. Zentrale Elemente des Beitrags sind die Darstellung der wesentlichen Transformationsrisiken in Bezug auf die Einführung innovativer Lösungsansätze, eine Erläuterung der spezifischen abwasserwirtschaftlichen Instrumente sowie die Darlegung von Steuerungsansätzen,mit denen die Einführung von neuartigen Sanitärsystemen gefördert werden kann. Im Ergebnis wird die Realisierbarkeit von neuartigen Sanitärsystemen durch den strategischen Einsatz des Instrumentariums deutlich, gleichwohl die Wasserwirtschaft durch die Erweiterung der bisherigen Systemgrenzen auf die Kooperation mit anderen Bereichen der Daseinsvorsorge angewiesen ist.