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Für die einen also „Bausünde“, für die anderen ein erhaltenswertes Bauwerk – wie geht man damit um? Für wen gilt wann etwas als „Bausünde“ und wann als erhaltenswert, welche Ziele werden damit verfolgt und Konzepte aufgezeigt? Inwieweit spielen beispielsweise Aspekte wie Ästhetik, Funktionalität oder der allgemeine gesellschaftliche Kontext bzw. Wandel sowie das jeweils aktuelle und bauzeitliche planerische Leitbild bzw. Verständnis eine Rolle bei der Verwendung des Begriffs und den Umgang für konkrete Bauwerke? Und inwieweit steht der Erhaltungswert bzw. eine Denkmalwürdigkeit damit im Verhältnis und wie kann damit planerisch umgegangen werden?
Der Diskussion über den Umgang mit verschmähten Bauwerken will sich die vorliegende Abschlussarbeit nähern. Als Bauwerke werden hierbei sowohl Gebäude und Plätze als auch zur Erinnerung gesetzte Objekte wie Statuen verstanden.
Smart Cities and Mobility Stations: Lessons learned from the Smarter Together in Vienna and Munich
(2020)
With an increasing urban population and urban problems arising from this unplanned growth, several projects aimed at promoting sustainable urban development have emerged. Smart mobility strategies, such as shared mobility and mobility stations, represent some of the solutions to promote changes in travel behavior. Despite its beneficial impacts, however, the implementation of such infrastructure is criticized for not contributing to current urban issues, as well as often disregarding knowledge about urban space and its functioning.
In this context, the Smarter Together, a joint research and innovation project funded through the European Union program H2020, was implemented. The project selected three lighthouse cities to test and upscale innovative solutions: Vienna, Munich, and Lyon.
This master thesis presents the main characteristics of the mobility stations systems implemented in Vienna and Munich in the scope of the project Smarter Together. Its main goal is to share what can be learned from their experiences while approaching critically the concept of smart cities. This master thesis identifies important aspects to take into account when planning, implementing, and operating mobility stations, and provides an understanding of smart cities and smart mobility that goes beyond the adoption of technology. Several methods were combined for the development of this master thesis, such as quantitative secondary data, observational studies, application of survey forms, explorative expert interviews, and literature review.
This work has demonstrated that the Smarter Together has a cutting-edge scope and contributed greatly to research and innovation, by creating living laboratories to test the application of technology in the urban environment. However, from the perspective of the mobility stations assessment, many caveats were made. In short, many lessons could be learned and are presented throughout this work aiming at contributing to the improvement of the mobility stations implemented in the project areas in Munich and Vienna, as well as for inspiring other cities in Europe and worldwide.
INTRODUCTION
The research field of sound landscape and public life, initially drew my attention during the master class of ‘Media of the Urban’, originally ‘Medien des Urbanen, which was given by Prof. Dr. Gabriele Schabacher in the 2015 summer semester. For the relevant class, I conducted an conceptual case study in Istanbul, Beyoglu District, with the intention of analysing the perception of the space by urban sound. During the summer 2015 I recorded various sounds of different spatial settings and developed the analysis by comparing the situations. By that time, I realized the inherent property of the sound as a medium for our perception in urban context.
In the 2015-2016 winter semester, I participated in the master class of the architectural project, named ‘Build Allegory’, which was given by Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Heike Büttner. The project was situated in Berlin Westkreuz, AVUS north curve, on the highway and was originally a race track from 1921. In this context, the aim of my project was to answer various questions, main of which was, how does the architectural form shape the sound of the place? And, how does the sound of the place shape the architectural from? Since the place is still serving mainly to the vehicles, although the function has differed, the sound objects and the context have remained. Through the existence of contextual references, I started with creating a computational tool for analysing the acoustic characteristics of this urban setting, which is fundamentally providing results as the sound cloud, driven from the sound ray tracing method. Regarding to this soundscape analysis method, which I developed, this computational tool assisted me to find an optimum reciprocal relation between architecture and sound.
Since I have been working on soundscape in the context of architecture, urban situations, public life and public space, I was determined to produce a comprehensive research in this field and propound the hypothesis; the existence of the reciprocity between the social behaviours in public space and the sound landscape. In which extent does this reciprocity exist? What are the effects of the public life on the sonic configurations of the space and the other way around?