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Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den diskursiven Konstruktion urbaner Images in Großprojekten. Aufbauend auf einer soziologischen Definition der Begriffe „Raumbild“ und „Ortsbild“ wird am Beispiel des städtebaulichen Großprojekts Paris Rive Gauche untersucht, wie sich ortsspezifische Referenzen in einem Planungsprozess bilden, zu welchen Zwecken sie eingesetzt werden und wie mit Hilfe dieser Referenzen im Planungsprozess diskursiv ein Image für einen entstehenden Stadtteil konstruiert wird.
The Chinese Shopping Centre: Integration of a Western Commercial Format into Chinese Urban Space
(2009)
Being transposed to China and absorbed by its urban space, the Western shopping centre undergoes a process of “Sinicisation”, which turns it into a spatial hybrid: a Western retail format shaped by distinctive features of Chinese space production and space use. To a large extent, this study can be regarded as a marginal number of its kind which tries to scientifically understand the impact of a socially, culturally and economically absolutely different urban environment on the model (ideal type) of the Western shopping centre.
One of the main focuses of recent Chinese urban development is the creation and retrofitting of public spaces driven by the market force and demand. However, researches concerning human and cultural influences on shaping public spaces have been scanty. There still exist many undefined ambiguous planning aspects institutionally and legislatively. This is an explanatory research to address interactions, incorporations and interrelationship between the lived environment and its peoples. It is knowledge-seeking and normative. Theoretically, public space in a Chinese context is conceptualized; empirically, a selected case is inquired. The research has unfolded a comparatively complete understanding of China’s planning evolution and on-going practices. Data collection emphasizes the concept of ‘people’ and ‘space’. First-hand data is derived from the intensive fieldwork and observatory and participatory documentations. The ample detailed authentic empirical data empowers space syntax as a strong analysis tool in decoding how human’s activities influence the public space. Findings fall into two categories but interdependent. Firstly, it discloses the studied settlement as a generic, organic and incremental development model. Its growth and established environment is evolutionary and incremental, based on its intrinsic traditions, life values and available resources. As a self-sustaining settlement, it highlights certain vernacular traits of spatial development out of lifestyles and cultural practices. Its spatial articulation appears as a process parallel to socio-economic transitions. Secondly, crucial planning aspects are theoretically summarized to address the existing gap between current planning methodology and practicalities. It pinpoints several most significant and particular issues, namely, disintegrated land use system and urban planning; missing of urban design in the planning system, loss of a human-responsive environment resulted from standardized planning and under-estimation of heritage in urban development. The research challenges present Chinese planning laws and regulations through urban public space study; and pinpoints to yield certain growth leverage for planning and development. Thus, planning is able to empower inhabitants to make decisions along the process of shaping and sustaining their space. Therefore, it discusses not only legislative issues, concerning land use planning, urban design and heritage conservation. It leads to a pivotal proposal, i.e., the integration of human and their social spaces in formulating a new spatial strategy. It expects to inform policymakers of underpinning social values and cultural practices in reconfiguring postmodern Chinese spatiality. It propounds that social context endemic to communities shall be integrated as a crucial tool in spatial strategy design, hence to strengthen spatial attributes and improve life quality.
Das Bund-Länder-Programm "Soziale Stadt" hat die Aufgabe, Stadtteile mit besonderem Entwicklungsbedarf zu fördern. Das negative Image ist einerseits Ursache, andererseits auch Folge von sozialen und städtebaulichen Problemlagen und Entwicklungen im Stadtteil. Diese Abwärtsspirale soll durch das Programm aufgebrochen werden. Der Autor nähert sich interdisziplinär dem Imagebegriff an und zeigt die Auswirkungen des Programms "Soziale Stadt" auf die Großwohnsiedlung Jena-Winzerla. Die Studie erfasst anhand des semantischen Differentials das Image im Stadtteil, wie es von den Bewohnern beurteilt wird und vergleicht es mit der Sicht von Außen. Der Einfluß des Programms auf das Image wird durch Experteninterviews beleuchtet. Das Beispiel eigt die Entwicklungen, die das Programm "Soziale Stadt" bewirken kann. Es werden aber auch Grenzen deutlich. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden abschließend Überlegungen angestellt, in welche Richtungen die Entwicklungen innerhalb des Förderprogramms gelenkt werden sollten, um das Image nachhaltig zu verbessern und betroffene Stadtteile adäquat zu fördern.
Städte bezeugen in vielfältiger Weise soziale Gegebenheiten und kulturelle Prak- tiken. Sie schreiben lokale Traditionen fort, erzeugen Neues und dienen zugleich als Projektionsfläche von Wünschen und Hoffnungen. Städte sind Landschaften aus Zeichen. Man kann diese dekodieren, mithin lesen. Der interdisziplinäre Band reflektiert die Lesbarkeit des Städtischen und versammelt Beispiele urbaner Hermeneutik aus der Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaft, der Literatur-, Medien- und Filmwissenschaft und der Architektur- und Städtebautheorie.
There is a continuous exacerbation of environmental problems in big cities of today’s world, thereby, diminishing the quality of life in them. Of particular concern is the fact that today’s megacities are evolving in the developing world without corresponding growth in the economy, infrastructure and other human development indices. As urban population continues to grow in these cities of the Global South, governing institutions are usually unable to keep pace with their social responsibilities, thus, making the issue of urban governance very critical. This is because effective and efficient urban governance is highly essential for the creation, strengthening and sustenance of governing institutions.
Lagos, a mega-city of over 15.45 million people and the most populous metropolitan area on the African continent epitomizes the fundamental grave characteristics of the emerging megacities of the Global South, thereby, constituting an apt choice in understanding the emerging megacities of the next generation. Two out of every three Lagos residents live in slums and de-humanizing physical and social conditions. Many of them sleep, work, eat and cook under highway bridges, at the mercy of weather elements.
This research, therefore, evaluated urban governance through housing administration in Africa’s largest megacity. It examines the extent of housing problems in the city, the causal factors and the culpability of government agencies statutorily responsible for the provision, control and management of housing development in Lagos - the tenth largest city in the world. A representative geographic part of the city which manifests classic characteristics of slum life, listed by Mike Davis as the largest slum in Africa and the 6th largest in the world – Ajegunle - was adopted for case study. The research design combined rigorous literature search (desk research) with quantitative and, especially, qualitative approaches to data collection. The qualitative approach was more intensely adopted because government officials often respond to enquiries with ‘official answers and data’ which may not be reliable and the study had to rely on keen observation of physical traces, social interaction and personal investigation. The cross-sectional research method was adopted. Information was solicited from house-owners, building industry professionals, sociologists and officials of relevant government agencies, through research tools like questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions and personal observations.
The analysis and discussion of these field data, in conjunction with the information from the desk research gave a better understanding of the status-quo, which informed the recommendations proposed in the dissertation for mitigating the problems. The research discovered that many of the statutory housing agencies have the capacity to effectively discharge their responsibilities. However, it was also shown that corruption and abdication of responsibilities by the staff of these agencies constitute primary causes of the chasm between the anticipated lofty outcome from the laudable building regulations/bye-laws and the appalling reality. It also discovered that lack of political will and apathy on the part of successive Governments of Lagos State to the improvement of housing conditions of the poor masses are major causes of the housing debacle in Lagos.
Several germane and realistic recommendations for redressing the situation were subsequently proffered. These include amongst others, the conduction of an accurate census for Lagos, in conjunction with credible international agencies, as a requisite basis for effective planning of any sort. The process of obtaining legal titles for land should also be made less cumbersome, while the housing administration process should be computerized; in order to reduce inter-personal contacts between applicants and government officials to the barest minimum, as a means of curbing the wide spread corruption in the system.
Die Arbeit behandelt die Geschichte der Landesplanung in Mitteldeutschland und besteht aus zwei Teilen: den Zeiträumen der 1920 und 1990 Jahre. Dabei wird die Herausbildung der Landesplanung im mitteldeutschen Industriegebiet (um Merseburg) bzw. Thüringen behandelt. Die kognitiven, institutionellen und planerischen Grundlagen der Landesplanung werden herausgearbeitet. Dabei spielen die paradigmatischen Grundlagen (Dezentralisierung) sowie die internationalen Beziehungen (insbes. zu den USA) eine besondere Rolle. Schließlich werden das Wirken von Schlüsselpersonen (u.a. Prager, Luthardt, Langen) und die Bezüge zum Bauhaus untersucht. Die Analyse des Planwerks für Mitteldeutschland (1932) wird umfassend geführt. In der Analyse der Entstehung können erste Ansätze nicht-linearer Planung herausgearbeitet werden. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit widmet sich dem Industriellen Gartenreich, einem Projekt der Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau, das als Korrespondenzregion zur EXPO anerkannt worden war. Hier stehen das Gesamtkonzept, aber auch Projekte wie Ferropolis im Zentrum der Betrachtung. Die Analysen der Landesplanung werden in ihren Bezügen zur gesellschaftlichen und konkret wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung behandelt. Schließlich werden beide Entwicklungsphasen und deren landesplanerischen Resultate übergreifend bewertet und in einem Modell emergent-adaptiver Planung verortet und ein Ausblick auf die Entwicklung der Landesplanung als nicht-lineare Planung gegeben.
Der Artikel behandelt fünf für das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten besonders relevante Themenfelder: 1) Ziele und Gegenstand wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens, 2) der Zusammenhang von Wissenschaft, Erkenntnis und Fortschritt, 3) eine Darstellung der Forschungslandschaft in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung der Wissenschaftsorganisation, 4) eine ausführliche, praxisorientierte Erläuterung des typischen Ablaufs eines Forschungsprozesses,
5) eine Skizze zur literaturbasierten Forschung. Der Beitrag stellte zahlreiche Bezüge zur Stadtforschung her und nutzt Beispiele zur Illustration der Inhalte.
This dissertation attempts to describe, analyze and evaluate how the settlement spaces of Chinese clans in rural areas were shaped by local clan lives in ancient times and transformed along with the transition of those clan organizations in modern China. In approaching this subject, two major questions are raised: what was the role of ancient Chinese rural clans in the spatial formation of their settlements and, nowadays, do they still play the same role as before?
To approach these answers, this dissertation sets out to draw on systematically interdisciplinary research from the perspectives of socio-culture and architecture- planning to have an overall understanding of a Chinese clan organization and clan settlement. Then, the basic characteristics of traditional Chinese clans and their importance to the Chinese people are discussed by tracing the history and evolution of Chinese clan organizations in the dissertation.
Two old villages, Furong and Cangpo in now Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, are selected for case study research. And the research reveals that it was the clans that took charge of planning and managing the various construction activities, especially those of communal buildings and facilities, within their own settlements, and the clan lives exerted a decisive impact on shaping the settlement spaces, branding the characteristics of the clan lives clearly and deeply on the spaces. Following that, in the dissertation is described the transformation process of traditional Chinese clans in modern and contemporary China. The clan lives in rural areas have been reshaped and this exerts a great impact on clan settlement spaces. It is shown in the case studies of Furong and Cangpo.
Post Conflict Reconstruction is a very complex topic, whether it is to be undertaken by the Local or the International Community. The process of the Post Conflict Development is to be very hard to investigate, primarily for the combination of socio-cultural phenomena, war and political instability; having difficulties of conducting solid empirical analysis (obtaining reliable data) and dealing with war-torn communities. The multifaceted process of the reconstruction is ought to touch a lot of countries vital segments, whereas each of them requires different approach; coordination with one another; and unification in their common aim.
The emergency of the assistance programs are not equal, same as with the priority and weight when compared with each other, therefore occasionally there are programs for the success of which the other less important actions are violated or neglected.
The case is with the International Community presence ( the set up), which aside from their mission and projects, it is considered to play a very important role on the urban development of a post conflict city; the setting was never planned or considered in a holistic manner, therefore IC establishment was done ad hoc and it was guided by issues which did not help at its greatest to the urban development of the city and more over to the citizens who were most in need.
The study is about the Urban Development, due to the fact that the biggest concentration of the International Community is likely to be in the urban centers, and the experienced changes are of a much considerable magnitude. The reconstruction phase is likely to be lasting at about 10 years and more , consequently the International Community for that time being tends to be recognized as temporary citizens of the city, and it is inevitably that they will be having an impact on the urban development of the city; in that basis it is considered to be significant that the International Community Establishment/Set Up be included into the International Organizations mission and assist in the overall mission of the reconstruction.