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- Simulation (48) (remove)
In dieser Arbeit wird der Vortriebsprozess einer Erddruckschildmaschine in einem Simulationsmodell mit Hilfe der System Dynamics modelliert. Nach einer Einführung in den maschinellen Tunnelbau werden die Besonderheiten der Erddruckschildmaschine herausgestellt. Anschließend wird das betrachtete System mit dem Simulationskonzept der System Dynamics modelliert und in einem geeigneten Simulationstool implementiert.
In this thesis, a generic model for the post-failure behavior of concrete in tension is proposed. A mesoscale model of concrete representing the heterogeneous nature of concrete is formulated. The mesoscale model is composed of three phases: aggregate, mortar matrix, and the Interfacial Transition Zone between them. Both local and non-local formulations of the damage are implemented and the results are compared. Three homogenization schemes from the literature are employed to obtain the homogenized constitutive relationship for the macroscale model. Three groups of numerical examples are provided.
Die Simulation ist vor allem in der Forschung und Wissenschaft ein bekanntes Ver-fahren zur Untersuchung von dynamischen Prozessen. Fachgebiete wie u.a. die Medizin und Biologie, das Verkehrswesen, die Automobilindustrie, die Meteorologie und die Fertigungstechnik gewinnen neue Erkenntnisse aus dem Einsatz derartiger Analyseverfahren. Gründe für die Anwendung von Computersimulationen erstrecken sich von finanziellen und zeitlichen Aspekten über eine Risikoverringerung bis hin zu einer vereinfachten Vorgehensweise. Nicht in allen Bereichen aber werden die viel-seitigen Vorteile von Simulationsmethoden genutzt. In der Baubranche wird Simulation derzeit nur ansatzweise eingesetzt. Doch vor al-lem Baustellen bieten durch den zunehmenden Kosten- und Termindruck sowie viel-seitige andere Einflüsse eine gute Basis für die Anwendung von Simulationsmetho-den. Der Bauablauf kann dadurch besser kontrolliert und gesteuert werden. In der Planungsphase von Bauprojekten wird Simulation bereits in Grundzügen für die Op-timierung von Bauablauf- und Logistikprozessen genutzt. Allerdings ist besonders die Ausführungsphase durch Störungen und Änderungen geprägt, sodass hier Simu-lationsmethoden noch effektiver eingesetzt werden können. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollen die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Simulationsmethoden für die Optimierung des Termincontrollings untersucht werden. Durch das Aufzeigen verschiedener Methoden sowie einem Vergleich über ihre Vor- und Nachteile wird herausgefiltert, welches Simulationswerkzeug am effektivsten im Termincontrolling eingesetzt werden kann. Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Modellierung eines Beispielprozesses anhand eines ausgewählten Simulationsverfahrens. Die Herstellung einer Brückenkappe wird in diesem Zusammenhang umfangreich dargestellt und analysiert. Eventuelle Zwangspunkte bei der Umsetzung und verschiedene Lösungsmöglichkeiten werden aufgezeigt.
The structure and development of cities can be seen and evaluated from different points of view. By replicating the growth or shrinkage of a city using historical maps depicting different time states, we can obtain momentary snapshots of the dynamic mechanisms of the city. An examination of how these snapshots change over the course of time and a comparison of the different static time states reveals the various interdependencies of population density, technical infrastructure and the availability of public transport facilities. Urban infrastructure and facilities are not distributed evenly across the city – rather they are subject to different patterns and speeds of spread over the course of time and follow different spatial and temporal regularities. The reasons and underlying processes that cause the transition from one state to another result from the same recurring but varyingly pronounced hidden forces and their complex interactions. Such forces encompass a variety of economic, social, cultural and ecological conditions whose respective weighting defines the development of a city in general. Urban development is, however, not solely a product of the different spatial distribution of economic, legal or social indicators but also of the distribution of infrastructure. But to what extent is the development of a city affected by the changing provision of infrastructure? As
Bestimmungen und Anforderungen an den Entwurf von Baustelleneinrichtungen (BE), Kraneinsatzplan als Bestandteil der BE, planungstechnische Aspekte, Untersuchung von CAD-Anwendungen für die Planung von Baustelleneinrichtungen, Entwicklung eines Kraneinsatzplaners, Sicherheitsaspekte bei der Planung von Baukraneinsätzen. Es zeigte sich, dass gerade die Forderung der Betrachtung kausaler und räumlicher Abhängigkeiten mit den in der Praxis angewandten Planungswerkzeugen nicht oder nur eingeschränkt realisierbar ist. Mit dem Programm >EasyCrane TK< wird eine Möglichkeit aufgezeigt, die Erstellung von Kraneinsatzplänen effizienter und für die Umsetzung auf der Baustelle sicherer zu gestalten.
Research on Establishment of a Standard of Traffic Impact Assessment with Integrated Database System
(2004)
Planning support systems, such as geographical information system (GIS) and traffic flow simulation models, are widely in use in recent urban planning research. In this paper we propose a method to apply traffic impact assessment (TIA) to large-scale, commercial developments. In TIA research we often encounter the problem of increasing amount of data that is necessary for detailed investigation and analysis, as the scale of commercial developments become larger and more complex. As a result, TIA presents two problems. The first problem is the difficulty of data acquisition. The second problem is the reliability of data. As a solution, we developed an integrated database system.
In current AEC practice client requirements are typically recorded in a building program, which, depending on the building type, covers various aspects from the overall goals, activities and spatial needs to very detailed material and condition requirements. This documentation is used as the starting point of the design process, but as the design progresses, it is usually left aside and changes are made incrementally based on the previous design solution. These incremental small changes can lead to a solution that may no longer meet the original requirements. In addition, design is by nature an iterative process and the proposed solutions often also cause evolution in the client requirements. However, the requirements documentation is usually not updated accordingly. Finding the latest updates and evolution of the requirements from the documentation is very difficult, if not impossible. This process can lead to an end result, which is significantly different from the documented requirements. Some important requirements may not be satisfied, and even if the design process was based on agreed-upon changes in the scope and requirements, differences in the requirements documents and in the completed building can lead to well-justified doubts about the quality of the design and construction process...
The complexity of the relationships between the actors of a building project requires high efficiency in communication. Among other things, data sharing is crucial. The exchange of data is made possible by interfaces between expert programs, which rely on product models. The latter are neutral standards with formal definitions of building objects and their attributes. This paper deals with the state of the art and the research activities concerning product models in the steel construction domain and the advantages provided by this technology for the sector.
The goal of the research is to increase the understanding of dynamic behaviors during the crane operation, and develops computer-aided methods to improve the training of crane operators. There are approximately 125,000 cranes in operation today in the construction industry, responsible for major portion of erection activities. Unfortunately, many accidents occur every year in the U.S. and other countries related to the operation of cranes in construction sites. For example on November 28, 1989 a tower crane collapse during the construction of a building in San Francisco killing four construction workers, one civilian and injuring 28. According to the statistics from Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA), there were 137 crane-related fatalities from 1992 to 2001 in the US. A well-known internet website that keeps track of crane-related accidents (craneaccidents.com), reports 516 accidents and 277 fatalities from 2000 to 2002. These statistics show that even though many measures have been taken to decrease the number of crane-related accidents (Braam, 2002), the number of crane related accidents is still very large. It is important to recognize that each construction related fatality is not only a great human loss but also increases the costs of insurance, lawsuits, and the construction budget due to delay of a project (Paulson 1992)...