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Year of publication
- 2021 (88) (remove)
Compiling and disseminating information about incidents and disasters are key to disaster management and relief. But due to inherent limitations of the acquisition process, the required information is often incomplete or missing altogether. To fill these gaps, citizen observations spread through social media are widely considered to be a promising source of relevant information, and many studies propose new methods to tap this resource. Yet, the overarching question of whether and under which circumstances social media can supply relevant information (both qualitatively and quantitatively) still remains unanswered. To shed some light on this question, we review 37 disaster and incident databases covering 27 incident types, compile a unified overview of the contained data and their collection processes, and identify the missing or incomplete information. The resulting data collection reveals six major use cases for social media analysis in incident data collection: (1) impact assessment and verification of model predictions, (2) narrative generation, (3) recruiting citizen volunteers, (4) supporting weakly institutionalized areas, (5) narrowing surveillance areas, and (6) reporting triggers for periodical surveillance. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits and shortcomings of using social media data for closing information gaps related to incidents and disasters.
Bauhaus-Gastprofessorin Mirjam Wenzel referierte am 30. Juni 2021 im Audimax der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar zur Entstehungsgeschichte und Konzeption Jüdischer Museen. Dabei ging sie darauf ein, inwiefern diese Museen besonders relevant für aktuelle gesellschaftliche und politische Fragestellungen sind. Prof. Wenzels zweiter öffentlicher Vortrag an der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar skizzierte die Potentiale von Kultureinrichtungen in Zeiten gesellschaftspolitischer Veränderungen im Allgemeinen und die Bedeutung Jüdischer Museen angesichts verbaler und tätlicher Gewalt gegen Jüdinnen und Juden im Besonderen.
Multi-user virtual reality systems enable collocated as well as distributed users to perform collaborative activities in immersive virtual environments. A common activity in this context is to move from one location to the next as a group to explore the environment together. The simplest solution to realize these multi-user navigation processes is to provide each participant with a technique for individual navigation. However, this approach entails some potentially undesirable consequences such as the execution of a similar navigation sequence by each participant, a regular need for coordination within the group, and, related to this, the risk of losing each other during the navigation process.
To overcome these issues, this thesis performs research on group navigation techniques that move group members together through a virtual environment. The presented work was guided by four overarching research questions that address the quality requirements for group navigation techniques, the differences between collocated and distributed settings, the scalability of group navigation, and the suitability of individual and group navigation for various scenarios. This thesis approaches these questions by introducing a general conceptual framework as well as the specification of central requirements for the design of group navigation techniques. The design, implementation, and evaluation of corresponding group navigation techniques demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework.
As a first step, this thesis presents ideas for the extension of the short-range teleportation metaphor, also termed jumping, for multiple users. It derives general quality requirements for the comprehensibility of the group jumping process and introduces a corresponding technique for two collocated users. The results of two user studies indicate that sickness symptoms are not affected by user roles during group jumping and confirm improved planning accuracy for the navigator, increased spatial awareness for the passenger, and reduced cognitive load for both user roles.
Next, this thesis explores the design space of group navigation techniques in distributed virtual environments. It presents a conceptual framework to systematize the design decisions for group navigation techniques based on Tuckman's model of small-group development and introduces the idea of virtual formation adjustments as part of the navigation process. A quantitative user study demonstrates that the corresponding extension of Multi-Ray Jumping for distributed dyads leads to more efficient travel sequences and reduced workload. The results of a qualitative expert review confirm these findings and provide further insights regarding the complementarity of individual and group navigation in distributed virtual environments.
Then, this thesis investigates the navigation of larger groups of distributed users in the context of guided museum tours and establishes three central requirements for (scalable) group navigation techniques. These should foster the awareness of ongoing navigation activities as well as facilitate the predictability of their consequences for all group members (Comprehensibility), assist the group with avoiding collisions in the virtual environment (Obstacle Avoidance), and support placing the group in a meaningful spatial formation for the joint observation and discussion of objects (View Optimization). The work suggests a new technique to address these requirements and reports on its evaluation in an initial usability study with groups of five to ten (partially simulated) users. The results indicate easy learnability for navigators and high comprehensibility for passengers. Moreover, they also provide valuable insights for the development of group navigation techniques for even larger groups.
Finally, this thesis embeds the previous contributions in a comprehensive literature overview and emphasizes the need to study larger, more heterogeneous, and more diverse group compositions including the related social factors that affect group dynamics.
In summary, the four major research contributions of this thesis are as follows:
- the framing of group navigation as a specific instance of Tuckman's model of small-group development
- the derivation of central requirements for effective group navigation techniques beyond common quality factors known from single-user navigation
- the introduction of virtual formation adjustments during group navigation and their integration into concrete group navigation techniques
- evidence that appropriate pre-travel information and virtual formation adjustments lead to more efficient travel sequences for groups and lower workloads for both navigators and passengers
Overall, the research of this thesis confirms that group navigation techniques are a valuable addition to the portfolio of interaction techniques in multi-user virtual reality systems. The conceptual framework, the derived quality requirements, and the development of novel group navigation techniques provide effective guidance for application developers and inform future research in this area.
Im ersten Working Paper des Forschungsprojekts „Städtische Ko-Produktion von Teilhabe und Gemeinwohl. Aushandlungsprozesse zwischen zivilgesellschaft lichen Akteuren und kommunalen Verwaltungen“ möchten wir die von uns verwendeten zentralen Begrifflichkeiten definieren sowie einige Grundannahmen erläutern. Im Anschluss an Definitionen der Begriff e Wohlfahrtsregime, Teilhabe, Gemeinwohl, Governance, Zivilgesellschaft und soziale Bewegungen erfolgt eine Analyse der heutigen Krise von Teilhabe, die wir als Ausgangspunkt zur Untersuchung unserer Fallstudien definieren.
Das Working Paper dient sowohl der internen Selbstverständigung im Projekt als auch dem Austausch mit anderen Forschenden in der Förderlinie „Teilhabe und Gemeinwohl“ des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) sowie darüber hinaus mit Projekten, die sich ähnlichen Themen widmen.
Schlagworte wir Kooperation, Koproduktion und Kollaboration sind in Planungswissenschaften und Architektur schwer in Mode. Selten wird allerdings dargelegt, was diese Art(en) der Zusammenarbeit zwischen zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren auf der einen Seite und staatlichen Akteuren aus Politik und Verwaltung auf der anderen Seite von gewöhnlichen Formen der Partizipation und Bürger_innenbeteiligung unterscheidet. Anders im Buch von Michael Ziehl: Ihm gelingt es, anhand eines Fallbeispiels die intensive Zusammenarbeit zwischen Aktivist_innen rund ums Hamburger Gängeviertel und verschiedenen städtischen Institutionen detailliert nachzuzeichnen und damit den qualitativen Unterschied zwischen Kooperation und Beteiligung nachvollziehbar zu machen.
Few studies have investigated how search behavior affects complex writing tasks. We analyze a dataset of 150 long essays whose authors searched the ClueWeb09 corpus for source material, while all querying, clicking, and writing activity was meticulously recorded. We model the effect of search and writing behavior on essay quality using path analysis. Since the boil-down and build-up writing strategies identified in previous research have been found to affect search behavior, we model each writing strategy separately. Our analysis shows that the search process contributes significantly to essay quality through both direct and mediated effects, while the author's writing strategy moderates this relationship. Our models explain 25–35% of the variation in essay quality through rather simple search and writing process characteristics alone, a fact that has implications on how search engines could personalize result pages for writing tasks. Authors' writing strategies and associated searching patterns differ, producing differences in essay quality. In a nutshell: essay quality improves if search and writing strategies harmonize—build-up writers benefit from focused, in-depth querying, while boil-down writers fare better with a broader and shallower querying strategy.
The development of a hydro-mechanically coupled Coupled-Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method and its application to the back-analysisof vibratory pile driving model tests in water-saturated sand is presented. The predicted pile penetration using this approachis in good agreement with the results of the model tests as well as with fully Lagrangian simulations. In terms of pore water pressure, however, the results of the CEL simulation show a slightly worse accordance with the model tests compared to the Lagrangian simulation. Some shortcomings of the hydro-mechanically coupled CEL method in case of frictional contact problems and pore fluids with high bulk modulus are discussed. Lastly, the CEL method is applied to the simulation of vibratory driving of open-profile piles under partially drained conditions to study installation-induced changes in the soil state. It is concluded that the proposed method is capable of realistically reproducing the most important mechanisms in the soil during the driving process despite its addressed shortcomings.
Die vorliegende Arbeit richtet sich an Ingenieur*innen und Wissenschaftler*innen der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung. Sie greift einen sich abzeichnenden Änderungsbedarf in der Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Gebäuden und wärmetechnischen Anlagen auf. Der aktuell genutzte nicht erneuerbare Primärenergiebedarf wird insbesondere hinsichtlich künftiger politischer Klima- und Umweltschutzziele als alleinige Bewertungsgröße nicht ausreichend sein. Die mit dieser Arbeit vorgestellte Ökoeffizienzbewertungsmethode kann als geeignetes Instrument zur Lösung der Probleme beitragen. Sie ermöglicht systematische, ganzheitliche Bewertungen und reproduzierbare Vergleiche wärmetechnischer Anlagen bezüglich ihrer ökologischen und ökonomischen Nachhaltigkeit. Die wesentlichsten Neuentwicklungen sind die spezifische Umweltleistung, in Erweiterung zum genutzten Primärenergiefaktor, und der Ökoeffizienzindikator UWI.
Die Arbeit leistet einen wissenschaftlichen Beitrag zur Erforschung der Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines Immobilienportfoliomanagements für öffentliche museale Schlösserverwaltungen in Deutschland. Insbesondere wird ein für deren Organisation spezifisches Modell zur Investitionssteuerung herausgearbeitet und dessen Anwendbarkeit in der Praxis mit Experten diskutiert.
The concept of information entropy together with the principle of maximum entropy to open channel flow is essentially based on some physical consideration of the problem under consideration. This paper is a discussion on Yeganeh and Heidari (2020)’s paper, who proposed a new approach for measuring vertical distribution of streamwise velocity in open channels. The discussers argue that their approach is conceptually incorrect and thus leads to a physically unrealistic situation. In addition, the discussers found some wrong mathematical expressions (which are assumed to be typos) written in the paper, and also point out that the authors did not cite some of the original papers on the topic.