Refine
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (16) (remove)
Institute
- Graduiertenkolleg 1462 (3)
- F. A. Finger-Institut für Baustoffkunde (FIB) (2)
- Professur Bauchemie und Polymere Werkstoffe (2)
- Institut für Europäische Urbanistik (1)
- Institut für Strukturmechanik (ISM) (1)
- Junior-Professur Psychophysiologie und Wahrnehmung (1)
- Professur Content Management und Webtechnologien (1)
- Professur Entwerfen und Baugestaltung (1)
- Professur Informatik im Bauwesen (1)
- Professur Medienphilosophie (1)
Keywords
- Architektur (2)
- 0947 (1)
- 0948 (1)
- 0949 (1)
- 56.62 (1)
- ATZ (1)
- Actor-Network-Theory (1)
- Alterung (1)
- Anachronismus (1)
- Anorganische Salze (1)
- Augmented Reality Displays (1)
- BDA (1)
- Bayes-Inferenz (1)
- Bewertung (1)
- Bewertungsmethode (1)
- Coupled models (1)
- Dispersionskeramik (1)
- Erinnerung (1)
- Evaluation methods (1)
- Eye Typing (1)
- Eye tracking movement (1)
- FEM (1)
- Facilides (1)
- Feuer (1)
- GIXRD (1)
- Gaze Control (1)
- Gaze Interaction (1)
- Gekoppelte Modelle (1)
- Geschichtsschreibung (1)
- Gips (1)
- HPC (1)
- Halle (1)
- Historischer Film (1)
- Housing (1)
- Hüftgelenkprothese (1)
- Iannis Xenakis (1)
- Information Retrieval (1)
- Ingenieurbau (1)
- Isogeometric Analysis (1)
- Kallmeyer (1)
- Knoop Mikrohärte (1)
- Kriechen (1)
- Lagos (1)
- Magnesiumsulfat (1)
- Mesh quality (1)
- Metastaseis (1)
- Model quality, Model error estimation, Kinematical model, Geometric non-linearity, Finite Element method (1)
- Modellqualität, Modellfehlerschätzer, Geometrisch nicht-lineare Berechnung, Kinematik Modell, Finite Elemente Methode (1)
- Moderne (1)
- Musik (1)
- Musik und Architektur (1)
- NRA (1)
- NURBS (1)
- Philips Pavillon (1)
- Procedural modeling (1)
- Prognosequalität (1)
- Salzmischungen (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Slums (1)
- Sorptionswärme (1)
- Stadtgestalt (1)
- Stadtlandschaft (1)
- Städtischer Raum (1)
- Systementwurf (1)
- Templates (1)
- Thermische Energiespeicherung (1)
- Thermochemische Wärmespeicherung (1)
- Tribologie (1)
- Unsicherheitsanalyse (1)
- Urban governance (1)
- Vergessen (1)
- Visual Perception (1)
- architektonischer Entwurf (1)
- bridge-vehicle interaction (1)
- cement (1)
- composite cement (1)
- corpus construction (1)
- damage (1)
- domain decomposition (1)
- durability (1)
- evaluation (1)
- finite element method (1)
- fire (1)
- gypsum (1)
- heterogeneous material (1)
- high-performance computing (1)
- metakaolin (1)
- multiphase (1)
- plagiarism detection (1)
- plasterboard (1)
- poröse Trägermaterialien (1)
- random vibrations (1)
- scalable smeared crack analysis (1)
- sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (1)
- solver (1)
- text reuse (1)
- writing assistance (1)
Year of publication
- 2012 (16) (remove)
There is a continuous exacerbation of environmental problems in big cities of today’s world, thereby, diminishing the quality of life in them. Of particular concern is the fact that today’s megacities are evolving in the developing world without corresponding growth in the economy, infrastructure and other human development indices. As urban population continues to grow in these cities of the Global South, governing institutions are usually unable to keep pace with their social responsibilities, thus, making the issue of urban governance very critical. This is because effective and efficient urban governance is highly essential for the creation, strengthening and sustenance of governing institutions.
Lagos, a mega-city of over 15.45 million people and the most populous metropolitan area on the African continent epitomizes the fundamental grave characteristics of the emerging megacities of the Global South, thereby, constituting an apt choice in understanding the emerging megacities of the next generation. Two out of every three Lagos residents live in slums and de-humanizing physical and social conditions. Many of them sleep, work, eat and cook under highway bridges, at the mercy of weather elements.
This research, therefore, evaluated urban governance through housing administration in Africa’s largest megacity. It examines the extent of housing problems in the city, the causal factors and the culpability of government agencies statutorily responsible for the provision, control and management of housing development in Lagos - the tenth largest city in the world. A representative geographic part of the city which manifests classic characteristics of slum life, listed by Mike Davis as the largest slum in Africa and the 6th largest in the world – Ajegunle - was adopted for case study. The research design combined rigorous literature search (desk research) with quantitative and, especially, qualitative approaches to data collection. The qualitative approach was more intensely adopted because government officials often respond to enquiries with ‘official answers and data’ which may not be reliable and the study had to rely on keen observation of physical traces, social interaction and personal investigation. The cross-sectional research method was adopted. Information was solicited from house-owners, building industry professionals, sociologists and officials of relevant government agencies, through research tools like questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions and personal observations.
The analysis and discussion of these field data, in conjunction with the information from the desk research gave a better understanding of the status-quo, which informed the recommendations proposed in the dissertation for mitigating the problems. The research discovered that many of the statutory housing agencies have the capacity to effectively discharge their responsibilities. However, it was also shown that corruption and abdication of responsibilities by the staff of these agencies constitute primary causes of the chasm between the anticipated lofty outcome from the laudable building regulations/bye-laws and the appalling reality. It also discovered that lack of political will and apathy on the part of successive Governments of Lagos State to the improvement of housing conditions of the poor masses are major causes of the housing debacle in Lagos.
Several germane and realistic recommendations for redressing the situation were subsequently proffered. These include amongst others, the conduction of an accurate census for Lagos, in conjunction with credible international agencies, as a requisite basis for effective planning of any sort. The process of obtaining legal titles for land should also be made less cumbersome, while the housing administration process should be computerized; in order to reduce inter-personal contacts between applicants and government officials to the barest minimum, as a means of curbing the wide spread corruption in the system.
Bridge vibration due to traffic loading has been a subject of extensive research in the last decades. The focus of such research has been to develop solution algorithms and investigate responses or behaviors of interest. However, proving the quality and reliability of the model output in structural engineering has become a topic of increasing importance. Therefore, this study is an attempt to extend concepts of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses to assess the dynamic response of a coupled model in bridge engineering considering time-dependent vehicular loading. A setting for the sensitivity analysis is proposed, which enables performing the sensitivity analysis considering random stochastic processes. The classical and proposed sensitivity settings are used to identify the relevant input parameters and models that have the most influence on the variance of the dynamic response. The sensitivity analysis exercises the model itself and extracts results without the need for measurements or reference solutions; however, it does not offer a means of ranking the coupled models studied. Therefore, concepts of total uncertainty are employed to rank the coupled models studied according to their fitness in describing the dynamic problem.
The proposed procedures are applied in two examples to assess the output of coupled subsystems and coupled partial models in bridge engineering considering the passage of a heavy vehicle at various speeds.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung von Methoden, mit denen die Prognosequalität von Kriechmodellen des Betons bestimmt werden kann. Die Methoden werden in zwei Ausgangsszenarien unterschieden: die Bewertung ohne und die Bewertung mit Verwendung von spezifischen Versuchsdaten zum Kriechverhalten des Betons. Die Modellqualität wird anhand der Gesamtunsicherheit der prognostizierten Kriechnachgiebigkeit quantifiziert. Die Unsicherheit wird für die Kriechprognose ohne Versuchsdaten über eine Unsicherheitsanalyse unter Berücksichtigung korrelierter Eingangsparameter ermittelt. Bei der Verwendung experimenteller Daten werden die stochastischen Eigenschaften der Modellparameter mittels Bayesian Updating bestimmt. Die Bewertung erfolgt erneut basierend auf einer Unsicherheitsanalyse sowie alternativ mittels Modellselektion nach Bayes.
Weiterhin wird eine auf Graphentheorie und Sensitivitätsanalysen basierende Methode zur Bewertung von gekoppelten Partialmodellen entwickelt. Damit wird der Einfluss eines Partialmodells auf das Verhalten einer globalen Tragstruktur quantifiziert, Interaktionen von Partialmodellen festgestellt und ein Maß für die Qualität eines Gesamtmodells ermittelt.
Die Vorstellung des Gesamtwerkes der halleschen Architekten Julius Kallmeyer und Wilhelm Facilides, die sich Anfang der 1920er Jahre zu einer Zusammenarbeit entschlossen und eine Vielzahl interessanter Gebäude für die Saalestadt schufen, ist in der Fokussierung der Gesamtthematik der Lebens- und Werksdarstellung das Grundanliegen dieser Ausarbeitung. Dieses bisher nicht in Angriff genommene architekturgeschichtliche Anliegen beschäftigt sich mit den Ergebnissen der Bürogeschichte einer- und der Lebensgeschichte der Persönlichkeiten andererseits. Bis heute gelten die klassisch modernen Architekturen Kallmeyers & Facilides ́, gerade für den gehobenen Wohnhausbau in Halle an der Saale, als herausragende Leistungen.
This thesis explores how architecture aids in the performance of open-ended narratives by engaging both actively and passively with memory, i.e. remembering and forgetting. I argue that architecture old and new stems from specific cultural and social forms, and is dictated by processes of remembering and forgetting. It is through interaction (between inhabitant and object) that architecture is given innate meanings within an urban environment that makes its role in the interplay one of investigative interest.
To enable the study of this performance, I develop a framework based on various theoretical paradigms to investigate three broad questions: 1) How does one study the performance of memory and forgetting through architecture in dynamic urban landscapes? 2) Is there a way to identify markers and elements within the urban environment that enable such a study? 3) What is the role that urban form plays within this framework and does the transformation of urban form imply the transformation of memory and forgetting?
The developed framework is applied to a macro (an urban level study of Bangalore, India) and micro level study (a singular or object level study of Stari Most/ Old Bridge, Mostar, BiH), to analyse the performance of remembering and forgetting in various urban spheres through interaction with architecture and form. By means of observations, archival research, qualitative mapping, drawings and narrative interviews, the study demonstrates that certain sites and characteristics of architecture enable the performance of remembering and the questioning of forgetting by embodying features that support this act.
Combining theory and empirical studies this thesis is an attempt to elucidate on the processes through which remembering and forgetting is initiated and experienced through architectural forms. The thesis argues for recognising the potential of architecture as one that embodies and supports the performance of memory and forgetting, by acting as an auratic contact zone.
Architektonisches Entwerfen ist ein kreativer Prozess, der eine Lösung hervorbringt, die in ihrer Form und ihrer Funktionalität so noch nicht bestand. Resultat eines architektonischen Entwurfes ist ein Original, dessen Entstehen eine schöpferische Komponente erfordert. Dieser kreative Prozess ist nicht systematisierbar und kann auch nicht als Methode wiederholbar gemacht werden. Im Rahmen der architektonischen Lehre ist die Vermittlung von Methoden zur Entwurfsfindung jedoch ein wesentlicher Aspekt. Der hier vorgestellte Entwurf möchte zeigen, dass der Auffassung, allein intuitive Methoden als Entwurfsgrundlage zu nutzen, die Auffassung entgegen steht, eine reglementierte Methode zur Entwurfs- und Formfindung anzuwenden.
Eine solche reglementierte Methode wird hierbei als Entwurfsgrammatik bezeichnet.
In den 1950er Jahren entstehen zwei revolutionäre Werke des Komponisten und Architekten Iannis Xenakis: die Komposition Metastaseis und der Philips-Pavillon für die Weltausstellung in Brüssel. Basierend auf diesen Arbeiten wird eine Methode vorgestellt, welche musikalische Parameter in architektonischen Parameter transformiert.
Diese Methode bildet die Grundlage für ein exaktes räumliches Transformation-Modell, welches aus mathematischen Funktionen abgeleitet ist. Dabei weißt das Transformations-Modell eine starke Ähnlichkeit mit der Architektur des Pavillons auf.
Methods for model quality assessment are aiming to find the most appropriate model with respect to accuracy and computational effort for a structural system under investigation. Model error estimation techniques can be applied for this purpose when kinematical models are investigated. They are counted among the class of white box models, which means that the model hierarchy and therewith the best model is known. This thesis gives an overview of discretisation error estimators. Deduced from these, methods for model error estimation are presented. Their general goal is to make a prediction of the inaccuracies that are introduced using the simpler model without knowing the solution of a more complex model. This information can be used to steer an adaptive process. Techniques for linear and non-linear problems as well as global and goal-oriented errors are introduced. The estimation of the error in local quantities is realised by solving a dual problem, which serves as a weight for the primal error. So far, such techniques have mainly been applied in
material modelling and for dimensional adaptivity. Within the scope of this thesis, available model error estimators are adapted for an application to kinematical models. Their applicability is tested regarding the question of whether a geometrical non-linear calculation is necessary or not. The analysis is limited to non-linear estimators due to the structure of the underlying differential equations. These methods often involve simplification, e.g linearisations. It is investigated to which extent such assumptions lead to meaningful results, when applied to kinematical models.
Metakaolin made from kaolin is used around the world but rarely in Vietnam where abundant deposits of kaolin is found. The first studies of producing metakaolin were conducted with high quality Vietnamese kaolins. The results showed the potential to produce metakaolin, and its effect has on strength development of mortars and concretes. However, utilisation of a low quality kaolin for producing Vietnamese metakaolin has not been studied so far.
The objectives of this study were to produce a good quality metakaolin made from low quality Vietnamese kaolin and to facilitate the utilisation of Vietnamese metakaolin in composite cements.
In order to reach such goals, the optimal thermal conversion of Vietnamese kaolin into metakaolin was carried out by many investigations, and as such the optimal conversion is found using the analysis results of DSC/TGA, XRD and CSI. During the calcination in a range of 500 – 800 oC lasting for 1 – 5 hours, the characterisation of calcinated kaolin was also monitored for mass loss, BET surface, PSD, density as well as the presence of the residual water. It is found to have a well correlation between residual water and BET surface.
The pozzolanic activity of metakaolin was tested by various methods regarding to the saturated lime method, mCh and TGA-CaO method. The results of the study showed which method is the most suitable one to characterise the real activity of metakaolin and can reach the greatest agreement with concrete performance. Furthermore, the pozzolanic activity results tested using methods were also analysed and compared to each other with respect to the BET surface.
The properties of Vietnam metakaolin was established using investigations on water demand, setting time, spread-flowability, and strength. It is concluded that depending on the intended use of composite cement and weather conditions of cure, each Vietnamese metakaolin can be used appropriately to produce (1) a composite cement with a low water demand (2) a high strength of composite cement (3) a composite cement that aims to reduce CO2 emissions and to improve economics of cement products (4) a high performance mortar.
The durability of metakaolin mortar was tested to find the needed metakaolin content against ASR, sulfat and sulfuric acid attacks successfully.
Die thermochemische Wärmespeicherung über reversible Salzhydratation stellt einen aussichtsreichen Weg zur Speicherung von Niedertemperaturwärme, wie z.B. solarer Energie, dar.
Untersuchungen an Magnesiumsulfat-Hydraten zeigen, dass das bei 130°C entwässerte Magnesiumsulfat-Heptahydrat seinen thermodynamisch stabilen Endzustand während der Reaktion mit gasförmigem Wasser nicht wieder erreicht. Um diese kinetische Hemmung zu überwinden und den Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Porenräumen auf die Hydratation bzw. Sorption des Magnesiumsulfates zu charakterisieren, wurde das Magnesiumsulfat in Trägermaterialien auf Basis offenporiger Gläser mit durchschnittlichen Porendurchmessern von 4 nm bis 1,4 µm eingebracht und diese Kompositmaterialien untersucht. Dabei ist festgestellt worden, dass jede salzbezogene Sorptionswärme im Porenraum höher ist, als die des ungeträgerten Salzes und mit kleiner werdendem Porenradius weiter zunimmt.
Weiterhin wurden Teile des Magnesiumsulfates mit niedrig deliqueszierenden Salzen substituiert, um die Wasseraufnahme und somit die Wärmespeicherkapazität zu erhöhen. Dies stellt einen neuen Weg zur Herstellung von Kompositmaterialien dar, über den man Eigenschaften wie Deliqueszenzfeuchte und Desorptionstemperatur einstellen und an die Sorptionsbedingungen eines Speichers anpassen kann. Als niedrig deliqueszierende Salze wurden Magnesiumchlorid und Lithiumchlorid
als Zusätze untersucht, wobei ein Ansteigen der Sorptionswärme und Wasseraufnahme mit steigendem Chloridanteil festgestellt wurde. Aufgrund der geringeren Deliqueszenzfeuchte des Lithiumchlorides gegenüber dem Magnesiumchlorid wurden bei gleichen Massenverhältnissen höhere Sorptionswärmen erzielt. Untersuchungen zu Zinksulfat in Verbindung mit Chloriden bescheinigen diesem Salz -speziell bei tieferen Entwässerungstemperaturen- eine gute Eignung als Aktivstoff zur Wärmespeicherung.
Zusammenfassend konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich die Wärmespeicherkapazitäten über die Porengröße, in die das Salz eingebracht wird, und die gewählte Mischungszusammensetzung steuern lassen. Die gemessenen Sorptionswärmen ermöglichen insbesondere bei niedrigen Sorptionstemperaturen und hohen Luftfeuchtigkeiten den Schluss, dass die Verwendung von Salzmischungen als Aktivkomponente in Kompositmaterialien einen geeigneten Weg zur thermochemischen Speicherung solarer Wärme (≤130 °C) darstellt.
Texts from the web can be reused individually or in large quantities. The former is called text reuse and the latter language reuse. We first present a comprehensive overview of the different ways in which text and language is reused today, and how exactly information retrieval technologies can be applied in this respect. The remainder of the thesis then deals with specific retrieval tasks. In general, our contributions consist of models and algorithms, their evaluation, and for that purpose, large-scale corpus construction.
The thesis divides into two parts. The first part introduces technologies for text reuse detection, and our contributions are as follows: (1) A unified view of projecting-based and embedding-based fingerprinting for near-duplicate detection and the first time evaluation of fingerprint algorithms on Wikipedia revision histories as a new, large-scale corpus of near-duplicates. (2) A new retrieval model for the quantification of cross-language text similarity, which gets by without parallel corpora. We have evaluated the model in comparison to other models on many different pairs of languages. (3) An evaluation framework for text reuse and particularly plagiarism detectors, which consists of tailored detection performance measures and a large-scale corpus of automatically generated and manually written plagiarism cases. The latter have been obtained via crowdsourcing. This framework has been successfully applied to evaluate many different state-of-the-art plagiarism detection approaches within three international evaluation competitions.
The second part introduces technologies that solve three retrieval tasks based on language reuse, and our contributions are as follows: (4) A new model for the comparison of textual and non-textual web items across media, which exploits web comments as a source of information about the topic of an item. In this connection, we identify web comments as a largely neglected information source and introduce the rationale of comment retrieval. (5) Two new algorithms for query segmentation, which exploit web n-grams and Wikipedia as a means of discerning the user intent of a keyword query. Moreover, we crowdsource a new corpus for the evaluation of query segmentation which surpasses existing corpora by two orders of magnitude. (6) A new writing assistance tool called Netspeak, which is a search engine for commonly used language. Netspeak indexes the web in the form of web n-grams as a source of writing examples and implements a wildcard query processor on top of it.