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Year of publication
- 2023 (27) (remove)
Research into bio-based epoxy resins has intensified in recent decades. Here, it is of great importance to use raw materials whose use does not compete with food production. In addition, the performance of the newly developed materials should be comparable to that of conventional products. Possible starting materials are lignin degradation products, such as vanillin and syringaldehyde, for which new synthesis routes to the desired products must be found and their properties determined. In this article, the first synthesis of two amine hardeners, starting with vanillin and syringaldehyde, using the Smiles rearrangement reaction is reported. The amine hardeners were mixed with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and the curing was compared to isophorone diamine, 4-4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, and 4-Aminonbenzylamine by means of differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the two amines prepared are cold-curing. As TG-MS studies showed, the thermal stability of at least one of the polymers prepared with the potentially bio-based amines is comparable to that of the polymer prepared with isophorone diamine, and similar degradation products are formed during pyrolysis.
Die vorliegende Studie geht der Fragestellung nach, wie sich eine anbieterübergreifende, abonnementbasierte Plattform für den digitalen Journalismus, also eine Art Spotify im Journalismus, auf die Umsätze der Anbieter journalistischer Inhalte und die Abonnements im Digitaljournalismus in Deutschland auswirken würde. Auf Basis drei sich ergänzender Schätzmethoden für Zahlungsbereitschaft, die in zwei Repräsentativbefragungen der deutschen Online-Bevölkerung mit insgesamt 8.000 Teilnehmenden angewandt wurden, gelangt das Whitepaper zu den folgenden Schlüsselbefunden.
When predicting sound pressure levels induced by structure-borne sound sources and describing the sound propagation path through the building structure as exactly as possible, it is necessary to characterize the vibration behavior of the structure-borne sound sources. In this investigation, the characterization of structure-borne sound sources was performed using the two-stage method (TSM) described in EN 15657. Four different structure-borne sound sources were characterized and subsequently installed in a lightweight test stand. The resulting sound pressure levels in an adjacent receiving room were measured. In the second step, sound pressure levels were predicted according to EN 12354-5 based on the parameters of the structure-borne sound sources. Subsequently, the predicted and the measured sound pressure levels were compared to obtain reliable statements on the achievable accuracy when using source quantities determined by TSM with this prediction method.
Obgleich redaktionelle Diversität regelmäßig als eine der Kernherausforderungen für den Journalismus gehandelt wird, tun sich journalistische Organisationen immer noch schwer damit, gleichberechtigte Zugangs-und Entfaltungschancen für Frauen, People of Color, Menschen aus Einwandererfamilien oder auf anderen Ebenen diskriminierungsbetroffene Journalist*innen zu schaffen. Stattdessen zeigt die gender-und diversitätsbezogene Redaktionsforschung, dass Redaktionen nach wie vor in ihren Strukturen, Praktiken und in ihrer Kultur gesellschaftliche Machtverhältnisse widerspiegeln und (re-)produzieren. Doch im Zuge des „Entrepreneurial Journalism“ entstehen heute vielerorts neue Organisationen. Diese journalistischen Neugründungen zeichnen sich unter anderem durch kleinere, offenere und flexiblere Organisationsstrukturen aus. Ihr veränderter organisationaler Charakter wurde jedoch bislang noch nicht tiefergehend im Hinblick auf seine Potenziale und möglichen Risiken für Diversität und (Anti-)Diskriminierung untersucht. Der Beitrag hat somit zum Ziel, journalistische Neugründungen als neuen Gegenstand auf der Agenda der organisations-und diskriminierungsbezogenen Journalismusforschung zu positionieren. Dazu werden ausgewählte Studien zum „Entrepreneurial Journalism“ im Hinblick auf Diversität und (Anti-)Diskriminierung aufgearbeitet und bestehende Desiderata identifiziert. Auf dieser Grundlage wird schließlich eine programmatische Forschungsagenda entwickelt, um empirische Folgeforschung zum Thema anzustoßen.
The release of the large language model-based chatbot ChatGPT 3.5 in November 2022 has brought considerable attention to the subject of artificial intelligence, not only to the public. From the perspective of higher education, ChatGPT challenges various learning and assessment formats as it significantly reduces the effectiveness of their learning and assessment functionalities. In particular, ChatGPT might be applied to formats that require learners to generate text, such as bachelor theses or student research papers. Accordingly, the research question arises to what extent writing of bachelor theses is still a valid learning and assessment format. Correspondingly, in this exploratory study, the first author was asked to write his bachelor’s thesis exploiting ChatGPT. For tracing the impact of ChatGPT methodically, an autoethnographic approach was used. First, all considerations on the potential use of ChatGPT were documented in logs, and second, all ChatGPT chats were logged. Both logs and chat histories were analyzed and are presented along with the recommendations for students regarding the use of ChatGPT suggested by a common framework. In conclusion, ChatGPT is beneficial for thesis writing during various activities, such as brainstorming, structuring, and text revision. However, there are limitations that arise, e.g., in referencing. Thus, ChatGPT requires continuous validation of the outcomes generated and thus fosters learning. Currently, ChatGPT is valued as a beneficial tool in thesis writing. However, writing a conclusive thesis still requires the learner’s meaningful engagement. Accordingly, writing a thesis is still a valid learning and assessment format. With further releases of ChatGPT, an increase in capabilities is to be expected, and the research question needs to be reevaluated from time to time.
Urban Heat Transition in Berlin: Corporate Strategies, Political Conflicts, and Just Solutions
(2023)
In the field of urban climate policy, heat production and demand are key sectors for achieving a sustainable city. Heat production has to shift from fossil to renewable energies, and the heat demand of most buildings has to be reduced significantly via building retrofits. However, analyses of heat transition still lack its contextualization within entangled urban politico-economic processes and materialities and require critical socio-theoretical examination. Asking about the embeddedness of heat transition within social relations and its implications for social justice issues, this article discusses the challenges and opportunities of heat transition, taking Berlin as an example. It uses an urban political ecology perspective to analyze the materialities of Berlin’s heating-housing nexus, its politico-economic context, implications for relations of inequality and power, and its contested strategies. The empirical analysis identifies major disputes about the future trajectory of heat production and about the distribution of retrofit costs. Using our conceptual approach, we discuss these empirical findings against the idea of a more just heat transition. For this purpose, we discuss three policy proposals regarding cost distribution, urban heat planning, and remunicipalization of heat utilities. We argue that this conceptual approach provides huge benefits for debates around heat transition and, more generally, energy justice and just transitions.
Nonlocal theories concern the interaction of objects, which are separated in space. Classical examples are Coulomb’s law or Newton’s law of universal gravitation. They had signficiant impact in physics and engineering. One classical application in mechanics is the failure of quasi-brittle materials. While local models lead to an ill-posed boundary value problem and associated mesh dependent results, nonlocal models guarantee the well-posedness and are furthermore relatively easy to implement into commercial computational software.
The imperative to transform current energy provisions is widely acknowledged. However, scant attention has hitherto been directed toward rural municipalities and their innate resources, notably biogenic resources. In this paper, a methodological framework is developed to interconnect resources from waste, wastewater, and agricultural domains for energy utilization. This entails cataloging existing resources, delineating their potential via quantitative assessments utilizing diverse technologies, and encapsulating them in a conceptual model. The formulated models underwent iterative evaluation with engagement from diverse stakeholders. Consequently, 3 main concepts, complemented by 72 sub-concepts, were delineated, all fostering positive contributions to climate protection and providing heat supply in the rural study area. The outcomes’ replicability is underscored by the study area’s generic structure and the employed methodology. Through these inquiries, a framework for the requisite energy transition, with a pronounced emphasis on the coupling of waste, wastewater, and agriculture sectors in rural environments, is robustly analyzed.
Calcined clays are interesting starting materials to be used as SCMs (supplementary cementitious materials) in cements or to be converted to geopolymers by activation with a high alkaline activator. The adjustment of the properties in the fresh state, especially regarding the consistency of these binders, is almost exclusively achieved by the addition of water, since commercially available superplasticizers seem to be ineffective in low-calcium geopolymer systems. The aim of this study was a systematic investigation of various PCE (polycarboxylate ester/ether) superplasticizers (methacrylate ester PCE: MPEG, isoprenol ether PCE: IPEG, methallyl ether PCE: HPEG) with respect to their stability in different alkaline activators (NaOH, KOH, sodium and potassium silicate solutions). The effectiveness of superplasticizers (SPs) in low-calcium geopolymer binders was verified by rheological tests. Size exclusion chromatography was used to investigate if structural degradation of the superplasticizers occurs. The investigated PCE superplasticizers showed a thickening effect in the low-calcium geopolymer system. Depending on the alkalinity of the activator solution, a degradation process was detected for all the PCEs investigated. The side chains of the PCEs are cleaved off the backbone by basic ester and ether hydrolysis. The highest degree of degradation was found in sodium and potassium silicate solutions. In alkaline hydroxide solutions, the degradation process increases with increasing alkalinity.