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Spatializing difference
(2003)
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 24. bis 27. April 2003 in Weimar an der Bauhaus-Universität zum Thema: ‚MediumArchitektur - Zur Krise der Vermittlung'
Markennetze
(2003)
Die Arbeit zeigt, dass Markenallianzen oder -netzwerke aus ökonomischer Perspektive analog zu Allianzen in anderen Bereichen des Unternehmens oder strategischen Partner-schaften kompletter Unternehmen betrachtet und analysiert werden können. Auch auf Marken wirken Herausforderungen ein, die sich aus der Globalisierung und Deregulierung von Märkten und verändertem Konsumentenverhalten ergeben. Dies führt dazu, dass eine alleinstehende Marktbearbeitung häufig nicht mehr erfolgversprechend scheint. Marken als Gegenstand von interorganisationalen Kooperationsbeziehungen weisen Be-sonderheiten im Vergleich zu sonstigen Vermögensgegenständen und Unternehmensbereichen auf. Marken übernehmen in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft wesentlich weitrei-chendere Funktionen als nur das Garantieren von Produktqualität. Eine Marke kann als symbolisch generalisiertes Kommunikationsmedium im Sinne von LUHMANN bzw. als so-ziales Interaktionsmedium im! Sinne von PARSONS definiert werden. Diese Sichtweise er-möglicht es, unterschiedliche Funktionen der Marke für unterschiedliche Nutzer oder Ei-gentümer auch in verschiedenen Märkten und Lebensbereichen in einem schlüssigen Ge-samtzusammenhang darzustellen. Weiterhin wird es durch die ganzheitliche Betrachtung der Marke als Medium möglich, bisher nebeneinander stehende Perspektiven und Defini-tionen von Marken zu integrieren. Die Darstellung der Marke als Medium und die Analyse der medialen Ebenen führt zu einem neuen Dispositiv der Markenführung. So müssen Marken für den Konsumenten mehr Raum zur eigenen Aufladung mit Bedeutung lassen, die symbolische Bedeutung lässt sich nicht direkt und umfassend von Seiten des markenführenden Unternehmens planen. Weiterhin sollten Marken mit unterschiedlichen symbolischen Funktionen unter-schiedlich geführt werden. Bisherige Konzepte der Markenführung differenzieren ihre Empfehlungen jedoch nicht systematisch nach verschiedenen symb! olischen Funktionen der Marke. Dies gilt auch für die Füh! rung von Markennetzen: Je nach den Eigenschaften der beteilig-ten Marken müssen hierfür unterschiedliche Koordinationsmechanismen Anwendung finden. Für die Führung von Markennetzen lassen sich aus den Überlegungen zur Koordi-nation von Unternehmensnetzwerken Empfehlungen ableiten, welche bisherige Leitfäden zur Gestaltung von Markenallianzen nicht nur theoretisch fundieren und wesentlich er-gänzen können, sondern insbesondere auch eine vorwärts gerichtete Analyse anstelle einer simplen Beschreibung der verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen ermöglichen. Diese Arbeit konzeptionalisiert Markennetze als ein Netzwerk von vielschichtigen Principal-Agent-Beziehungen. Die Ausgestaltung von Markennetzen ist folglich ein komplexer Pro-zess. Zudem existieren aufgrund unterschiedlicher Zielsetzungen und Ausgangssituationen der Marken nicht für sämtliche Formen von Markennetzen identische, allgemein gültige Handlungsempfehlungen. Zur Entwicklung des Handlungsrahmens wurde ein Ansatz aus d! er Netzwerktheorie über-nommen, welcher die Koordination von Netzwerken in vier Schritte unterteilt, die „vier basalen Funktionen des Managements“. Diese Funktionen sind die Selektion der Partner, die Allokation von Ressourcen, die Regulation der Beziehungen und schließlich die Evalua-tion der Zusammenarbeit. Die vorliegende Arbeit entwickelt ausgehend von diesen vier Funktionen einen kompletten Bezugsrahmen zur Ausgestaltung von Markennetzen.
We show a transformation K which allows us to rewrite the Dirac equation in its covariant form in a purely real quaternionic equation. We discuss how this transformation allows us for obtaining a involutive symmetry of the Dirac equation, as well as one simplification of the traditional vector of currents of the Dirac equation in traditional form. We also show the corresponding quaternionic equation for the problem of charge conjugation in the hole theory, and the quaternionic equation of conservation of currents. Finally, we discuss one decomposition of the quaternionic Dirac operator in two Maxwell's operators corresponding to time-harmonic case in homogeneous media, without sources which surprisingly agrees with the well known relation in quantum mechanics between the frequency ù and the impulse p E=p²c²+m²c, where E denotes the energy.
With the aid of factorization of the Schrödinger operator by quaternionic differential operators of first order proposed in recent works by S. Bernstein and K. Gürlebeck we study the system describing forcefree magnetic fields with nonconstant proportionality factor, the static Maxwell system for inhomogeneous media, the Beltrami condition and the Dirac equation with different types of potentials depending on one variable. We obtain integral representations for solutions of these systems.
Computational Steering provides methods for the integration of modeling, simulation, visualization, data analysis and post processing. The user has full control over a running simulation and the possibility to modify objects (geometry and other properties), boundary conditions and other parameters of the system interactively. The objective of such a system is to explore the effects of changes made immediately and thus to optimize the target problem interactively. We present a computational steering based system for fluid flow problems in civil engineering. It is based on three software components as shown in figure 1. The modeler is the CAD-system AutoCAD, which offers a powerful programming interface allowing an efficient access to the geometric data. It also offers convenient manipulators for geometric objects. The simulation kernel is a Lattice-Boltzmann (LB) solver for the Navier-Stokes equations, which is especially suitable for instationary flows in complex geometries. For the visualization and postprocessing we use the software tool AVS, which provides a powerful programming interface and allows the efficient visualization of flow fields. These three components are interconnected through two communication modules and three interfaces as depicted in figure 1. Interface 1 is responsible for the transformation of the modified system for the simulation kernel, interface 2 is responsible for the proper preparation of the simulation data whereas interface 3 transforms the data from the modeler into a format suitable for the visualization system. The whole system is synchronized by the two communication modules.
At present time neuronet's technologies have got a wide application in a different fields of technique. At the same time they give insufficient consideration to using neuron nets in the field of building. Use of approximating neuron nets will allow to definite the deflected mode of constructions elements using noticeably less computing facilities then by using universal methods, finite-element method for instance. Today neuron nets are used for calculation separate elements of building constructions. In this work use of neuron nets for calculation deflected mode of construction which consists of many elements is consider. The main idea of suggested analysis is using neuron nets for calculation internal intensities and transferences pieces of model which are selected by there functional destination. For example, a plate is destine for adoption intensity distributed among area, the purpose of core is taking up surface distributed intensity. Elements involved as intensity converter. Plate serve for intensities dispersion and their transfer. A template is associated with functional destination. A template regards as composition of model elements which has define functional destinations. A single template can incarnate several functional destinations. On receipt values of components transference the estimation of their permissibility is put into practice. In the case of detection a violation of permissible limit, in the component database is making a search for component with analogous functional destination, according to the type of violation. If such component is found than a change a previous component into new one is realized. Thus besides control a condition of construction by components there is a possibility to make a search for decisions of revealed problem....
The development of a consistent material model for textile reinforced concrete requires the formulation and calibration of several sub-models on different resolution scales. Each of these models represents the material structure at the corresponding scale. While the models at the micro-level are able to capture the fundamental failure and damage mechanisms of the material components (e.g. filament rupture and debonding from the matrix) their computational costs limit their application to the small size representative unit cells of the material structure. On the other hand, the macro-level models provide a sufficient performance at the expense of limited range of applicability. Due to the complex structuring of the textile reinforced concrete at several levels (filament - yarn - textile - matrix) it is a non-trivial task to develop a multiscale model from scratch. It is rather more effective to develop a set of conceptually related sub-models for each structural level covering the selected phenomena of the material behavior. The homogenized effective material properties obtained at the lower level may be verified and validated using experiments and models at the higher level(s). In this paper the development of a consistent material model for textile reinforced concrete is presented. Load carrying and failure mechanisms at the micro, meso and macro scales are described and models with the focus on the specified scales are introduced. The models currently being developed in the framework of the collaborative research center are classified and evaluated with respect to the failure mechanisms being captured. The micromechanical modeling of the yarn and bonding behavior is discussed in detail and the correspondence with the experiments focused on the selected failure and interaction mechanisms is shown. The example of modeling the bond layer demonstrates the application of the presented strategy.
Building design, realization, operation and refurbishment have to take into account the environmental impacts as well as the resulting costs over a long period of time. LCA methods had to be developed for buildings because of their complexity, their long life duration and through a large number of actors who are involved. This was realized by integrating life cycle analysis, life cycle costing and building product models in integrated LCA models. However the use of such models leads to difficulties. The principal ones are the uncertainty treatment in LCA models and the lack of experience of practitioners who are not LCA specialists. Answers to these problems are the management of uncertainty and the development of simplified models for building design, construction and operation. This can be achieved with the mean of experimental plans or Monte Carlo simulation. The paper will focus on how these techniques can be used, what are their possibilities and disadvantages, particularly concerning the development of simplified models.