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Civil engineering decision support systems (construction, building life cycle, refurbishment, total quality management, innovation, etc.) created in Lithuania are described in this paper. The above decision support systems comprise of the following constituent parts: data (database and its management system), models (model base and its management system) and a user interface. Presentation of information in databases may be in conceptual (digital, textual, graphical, photographic, video) and quantitative forms. Quantitative information presented involves criteria systems and subsystems, units of measurement, values and initial weight fully defining the variants provided. The databases were developed providing a multiple criteria analysis of alternatives from economical, infrastructure, technical, technological, qualitative, legislative, social and other perspectives. This information is provided in a user-oriented way. Since the analysis of alternatives is usually performed by taking into account economical, infrastructure, technical, technological, qualitative and other factors, a model-base include models which enable a decision maker to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the variants available and make a proper choice. These systems, related questions and practical case study were analysed the paper.
The development of 3D technologies during the last decades in many different areas, leads us towards the complete 3D representation of planet earth on a high level of detail. On the lowest level we have geographical information systems (GIS) representing the outer layer of our planet as a 3D model. In the meantime these systems do not only give a geographical model but also present additional information like ownership, infrastructure and others that might be of interest for the construction business. In future these systems will serve as basis for virtual environments for planning and simulation of construction sites. In addition to this work is done on the integration of GIS systems with 3D city models in the area of urban planning and thus integration of different levels of detail. This article presents research work on the use of 3D models in construction on the next level of detail below the level of urban planning. The 3D city model is taken as basis for the 3D model of the construction site. In this virtual nD-world a contractor can organize and plan his resources, simulate different variants of construction processes and thus find out the most effective solution for the consideration of costs and time. On the basis of former researches the authors present a new approach for cost estimation and simulation using development technologies from game software.
Die Zonenmethode nach Hertz ist ein vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Heißbemessung von Stahlbetonbauteilen. Um eine händische Bemessung zu ermöglichen, werden daher verschiedene Annahmen und Vereinfachungen getroffen. Insbesondere werden die thermischen Dehnungen vernachlässigt und das mechanische Verhalten durch einen verkleinerten Querschnitt mit konstanten Stoffeigenschaften beschrieben.
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, dieses vereinfachte Verfahren in ein nichtlineares Verfahren zur Heißbemessung von Stahlbetondruckgliedern bei Brandbeanspruchung durch die Einheits-Temperaturzeitkurve zu überführen. Dazu werden die wesentlichen Annahmen der Zonenmethode überprüft und ein Vorschlag zur Weiterentwicklung vorgestellt. Dieser beruht im Wesentlichen auf der Modellierung der druckbeanspruchten Bewehrung. Diese weiterentwickelte Zonenmethode wird durch die Nachrechnung von Laborversuchen validiert und das Sicherheitsniveau durch eine vollprobabilistische Analyse und den Vergleich mit dem allgemeinen Verfahren bestimmt.
The present article aims to provide an overview of the consequences of dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI) on building structures and the available modelling techniques to resolve SSI problems. The role of SSI has been traditionally considered beneficial to the response of structures. However, contemporary studies and evidence from past earthquakes showed detrimental effects of SSI in certain conditions. An overview of the related investigations and findings is presented and discussed in this article. Additionally, the main approaches to evaluate seismic soil-structure interaction problems with the commonly used modelling techniques and computational methods are highlighted. The strength, limitations, and application cases of each model are also discussed and compared. Moreover, the role of SSI in various design codes and global guidelines is summarized. Finally, the advancements and recent findings on the SSI effects on the seismic response of buildings with different structural systems and foundation types are presented. In addition, with the aim of helping new researchers to improve previous findings, the research gaps and future research tendencies in the SSI field are pointed out.