Refine
Document Type
- Conference Proceeding (336) (remove)
Institute
- Professur Informatik im Bauwesen (336) (remove)
Keywords
- Modellierung (49)
- Bauwerk (39)
- Verteiltes System (36)
- CAD (31)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (24)
- Architektur (21)
- Computerunterstütztes Verfahren (21)
- Baubetrieb (17)
- Ingenieurbau (17)
- Internet (17)
Dezentrale mikrocontrollerbasierende Messtechnik in der in der Leittechnik historischer Gebäude
(2003)
Im Hintergrund stehen historische Bibliotheksgebäude, deren Bestände durch ungünstige klimatische Verhältnisse in den Innenräumen ihrer der Erhaltung gefährdet sind. Damit Maßnahmen der Gebäudeleittechnik geplant werden können, ist die Aufnahme der Umweltgrößen über einen längeren Zeitraum erforderlich. Im speziellen zielen die Maßnahmen auf die Klimatechnik mit ihren Aufgaben der Heizungsregelung, Belüftungsanlagen. Ein Messsystem kann mit dem Mikrocontroller Beck >IPC@CHIP< realisiert werden. Das an der FH Fulda entwickelte Messsystem nimmt im Abstand von drei Minuten Messwerte von Lufttemperatur, Luftfeuchte, Luftdruck und UV-Intensität auf. Sie gelten als beeinflussende Größen der organischen Materialien des Fundus. Die Messwerte werden in einer elektronischen Schaltung vorverarbeitet und einem Mikrocontroller zugeführt. Dieser archiviert die Daten fortlaufend über einen Zeitraum bis zu sieben Jahren. Der Mikrocontroller ist mit seinem internen Flash-Speicher und der Ethernet-Schnittstelle in der Lage, die gesammelten Messwerte als Webserver zur Verfügung zu stellen. Wenn das Messsystem an das Internet angeschlossen wird, können die Klimaverläufe in einem herkömmlichen Internet-Browser dargestellt werden. Dafür wurde mit der Programmiersprache Java eine Visualisierungsoberfläche erstellt. Sie bietet die verschiedensten Möglichkeiten der Datenauswertung. Dazu gehört der Zugriff auf jeden einzelnen Messwert, auf Tages-, Monats- und Jahresmittelwerte und die Errechnung von Minima und Maxima. Der Flash-Speicher wurde auch dazu benutzt, Dokumentation und Bedienhinweise abzulegen, die somit über das Netzwerk abrufbar sind. Das gesamte Messsystem ist in ein Buch integriert und erfasst seit August 2002 die klimatischen Verhältnisse der Herzogin-Anna-Amalia-Bibliothek in Weimar. Nach den erfolgten Langzeitmessungen kann darüber entschieden werden, welchen Beitrag eine Gebäudeleittechnik mit integrierter Klimaregelung zur Werterhaltung der Gegenstände leisten kann.
For analysis and planing of transport networks detailed information concerning travel sequences is required. The paper examines an activity chain model to determine stochastic travel demand which individual generates in order to participate in activity or sequence of activities over the day. The transition from one activity to another depends on the activity participation decision, which is made sequentially and is constrained in space and time. Activity chains derived from travel survey data are used as a base to develop a more realistic model than conventional discrete trip models. Probabilistic concepts and statistical procedures are used to estimate characteristics of travel demand such as the number of daily out-of-home activities and transition probability from one activity to another participated by homogeneous behavioural groups. In addition, the paper compares the model for two different sized towns.
Anhand von Ergebnissen aus dem FABEL-Projekt wird gezeigt, welche Beiträge Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz, insbesondere der Wissensverarbeitung beim Entwurf komplexer Gebäude leisten können. Exemplarisch werden spezialisierte wissensintensive Methoden, und allgemeine fallbasierte Methoden zum Retrieval und zur Wiederverwendung früherer Entwürfe vorgestellt. Es werden Fragen der Integration von Wissen, Fällen und Daten diskutiert. Der Prototyp des FABEL-Projekts verwendet die Metapher der virtuellen Baustelle, um die verschiedenen Methoden als Planungswerkzeuge in einem CAD-System integriert anzubieten. Ein Planungsmodell dient der zusätzlichen Orientierung des Planers. Die Ergebnisse sind interessant für den Entwurf komplexer Unikate, dürften aber auch als Zusatz zu elektronisch angebotenen Katalogen relevant sein.
The development of the qualitative methods of investigation of dynamic systems, suggested by the authors, is the effective means for identification of dynamic systems. The results of the extensive investigations of the behaviour of linear dynamic systems and symmetrical system with double well potential under polyharmonic excitation are given in the paper. Phase space of dynamic systems is multi-dimensional. Each point of this space is characterized by not less than four co-ordinates. In particular: displacement, velocity, acceleration and time. Real space has three dimensions. It is more convenient for the analysis. We consider the phase space as limited to three dimensions, namely displacement, velocity and acceleration. Another choice of parameters of phase planes is also possible [1, 2]. Phase trajectory on a plane is of the greatest interest. It is known that accelerations of points are more sensitive to deviations of oscillations from harmonic ones. It is connected with the fact that power criteria on it are interpreted most evidently. Besides, dependence is back symmetric relative to axis of the diagram of elastic characteristic. Only the phase trajectories allow establishing a type and a level of non-linearity of a system. The results of the extensive investigations of the dynamic systems behaviour under polyharmonic excitation are given in the paper. The use of the given phase trajectories enables us to determine with a high degree of reliability the following peculiarities: - presence or absence of non-linear character of behaviour of a dynamic system; - type of non-linearity; - type of dynamic process (oscillations of the basic tone, combinative oscillations, chaotic oscillations.). Unlike existing asymptotic and stochastic methods of identification of dynamic systems, the use of the suggested technique is not connected with the use of a significant amount of computing procedures, and also it has a number of advantages at the investigation of complicated oscillations.
The subject of this talk is the problem of surface design based upon a mesh that may contain both triangular and quadrangular domains. We investigate the cases when such a combined mesh occurs more preferable for bivariate data interpolation than a pure triangulation. First we describe a modification of the well-known flipping algorithm that constructs a locally optimal combined mesh with a predefined quality criterion. Then we introduce two quality measures for triangular and quadrangular domains and present the results of a computational experiment that compares integral interpolation errors and errors in gradients caused by the piecewise surface models produced by the flipping algorithm with the introduced quality measures. The experiment shows that triangular meshes with the Delaunay quality measure provide better interpolation accuracy only if the interpolated function is strictly convex, as well as a saddle-shaped function is better interpolated by bilinear patches within a combined mesh. For a randomly shaped function combined meshes demonstrate smaller error values and better stability in compare with pure triangulations. At the end we consider other resources for mesh improvement, such as excluding >bad< points from the input set for the mesh generating procedure. Because the function values at these points should not be lost, some linear or bilinear patches are replaced by nonlinear patches that pass through the excluded points.
The worldwide growth of communication networks and associated technologies provide the basic infrastructure for new ways of executing the engineering process. Collaboration amongst team members seperated in time and location is of particular importance. Two broad themes can be recognized in research pertaining to distributed collaboration. One theme focusses on the technical and technological aspects of distributed work, while the other emphasises human aspects thereof. The case of finite element structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory is examined in this paper. An approach is taken which has its roots in human aspects of the structural analysis task. Based on experience of how structural engineers currently approach and execute this task while utilising standard software designed for use on local workstations only, criteria are stated for a software architechture that could support collaborative structural analysis. Aspects of a pilot application and the results of qualitative performance measurements are discussed.
A lot of real-life problems lead frequently to the solution of a complicated (large scale, multicriteria, unstable, nonsmooth etc.) nonlinear optimization problem. In order to cope with large scale problems and to develop many optimum plans a hiearchical approach to problem solving may be useful. The idea of hierarchical decision making is to reduce the overall complex problem into smaller and simpler approximate problems (subproblems) which may thereupon treated independently. One way to break a problem into smaller subproblems is the use of decomposition-coordination schemes. For finding proper values for coordination parameters in convex programming some rapidly convergent iterative methods are developed, their convergence properties and computational aspects are examined. Problems of their global implementation and polyalgorithmic approach are discussed as well.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden dickwandige Schalentragwerke unter statischen Belastungen betrachtet. Die Schale besteht aus verschiedenen Zonen und in jeder Zone wird die Schalenmittelflaeche mittels eines eigenen Geometriegleichungssystems definiert. Das Verzerrungsfeld hat allen 6 unabhaengigen Komponenten unter der Annahme, dass die Querschnittsfasern, die normal zu der Mittelflaeche der unbelasteten Schale sind, geradelinig bleiben. Ein dreidimensionales isoparametrisches finites Element wird vorgeschlagen. Die Berechnung wird mit der Hilfe der Makroelemententechnik durchgefuehrt. In der Arbeit werden die wesentliche Parameter der Schalengeometrie, sowie auch entsprechendes Anteil von Klassen des konstruktiven Modells, definiert. Ein konstruktives Informationsmodell und ein FEM-Informationsmodell, werden entwickelt. Die Informationsverbindungen zwischen den beiden Modellen werden definiert. Diese objektorientierten Modelle werden in Programmiersprache Microsoft Visual C++ v.4.0 unter Windows 95 implementiert. Als numerisches Beispiel wird ein Bogenmauertragwerk betrachtet.
The purpose of this research is to develop the method to retrieve a building name from the impression of the building. First, the images of the building are registered as database by the questionnaire. Next, the images of the objective building are compared with the degree of matching in image databases, and the building with high synthetic matching degree is retrieved. This system could get a good retrieval result. Moreover, image processing was done, and image databases are trained by neural network from the amount of characteristics of the image, and the retrieval system by image processing was examined.
An important feature of the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada, Singapore, and Hong Kong was that many health care workers (HCWs) developed SARS after caring for patients with SARS. This has been ascribed to inadequate or ineffective patient isolation. However, it is difficult for dense cities to provide sufficient isolation facilities within a short period of time. This has raised concerns from the public for new strategies in the planning and design of isolation facilities. Considering that SARS or other infectious diseases could seriously damage our society’s development, isolation facilities that could be rapidly and economically constructed with appropriate environmental controls are essential. For this reason, the design team of the Department of Architecture collaborated with a special task force from the Faculty of Medicine, who are the frontline medical officers treating the SARS patients, to design Rapidly Assembled Isolation Patient Wards. Both architecture and medicine are well established disciplines, but they have little in common in terms of the mode of knowledge construction and practice. This induced much intellectual exploration and research interest in conducting this study. The process has provided an important reference for cross disciplinary studies between the architectural and medical domains.