Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Models for Accurate Estimation of Groundwater Nitrate Concentration
- Prediction of the groundwater nitrate concentration is of utmost importance for pollution control and water resource management. This research aims to model the spatial groundwater nitrate concentration in the Marvdasht watershed, Iran, based on several artificial intelligence methods of support vector machine (SVM), Cubist, random forest (RF), and Bayesian artificial neural network (Baysia-ANN)Prediction of the groundwater nitrate concentration is of utmost importance for pollution control and water resource management. This research aims to model the spatial groundwater nitrate concentration in the Marvdasht watershed, Iran, based on several artificial intelligence methods of support vector machine (SVM), Cubist, random forest (RF), and Bayesian artificial neural network (Baysia-ANN) machine learning models. For this purpose, 11 independent variables affecting groundwater nitrate changes include elevation, slope, plan curvature, profile curvature, rainfall, piezometric depth, distance from the river, distance from residential, Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), and topographic wetness index (TWI) in the study area were prepared. Nitrate levels were also measured in 67 wells and used as a dependent variable for modeling. Data were divided into two categories of training (70%) and testing (30%) for modeling. The evaluation criteria coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) were used to evaluate the performance of the models used. The results of modeling the susceptibility of groundwater nitrate concentration showed that the RF (R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 4.24, NSE = 0.87) model is better than the other Cubist (R2 = 0.87, RMSE = 5.18, NSE = 0.81), SVM (R2 = 0.74, RMSE = 6.07, NSE = 0.74), Bayesian-ANN (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 5.91, NSE = 0.75) models. The results of groundwater nitrate concentration zoning in the study area showed that the northern parts of the case study have the highest amount of nitrate, which is higher in these agricultural areas than in other areas. The most important cause of nitrate pollution in these areas is agriculture activities and the use of groundwater to irrigate these crops and the wells close to agricultural areas, which has led to the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers by irrigation or rainwater of these fertilizers is washed and penetrates groundwater and pollutes the aquifer.…
Document Type: | Article |
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Author: | Shahab S. BandORCiD, Saeid JanizadehORCiD, Subodh Chandra PalORCiD, Indrajit ChowdhuriORCiD, Zhaleh Siabi, Akbar Norouzi, Assefa M. MelesseORCiD, Manouchehr ShokriORCiD, Amir Hosein MosaviORCiD |
DOI (Cite-Link): | https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205763Cite-Link |
URN (Cite-Link): | https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210122-43364Cite-Link |
URL: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/20/5763 |
Parent Title (English): | Sensors |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Place of publication: | Basel |
Language: | English |
Date of Publication (online): | 2021/01/20 |
Date of first Publication: | 2020/10/12 |
Release Date: | 2021/01/22 |
Publishing Institution: | Bauhaus-Universität Weimar |
Institutes and partner institutions: | Fakultät Bauingenieurwesen / Institut für Strukturmechanik (ISM) |
Volume: | 2020 |
Issue: | Volume 20, issue 20, article 5763 |
Pagenumber: | 23 |
First Page: | 1 |
Last Page: | 23 |
Tag: | OA-Publikationsfonds2020 big data; ground water contamination; hydrological model; machine learning |
GND Keyword: | Grundwasser; Nitratbelastung; Künstliche Intelligenz |
Dewey Decimal Classification: | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 500 Naturwissenschaften |
BKL-Classification: | 35 Chemie / 35.00 Chemie: Allgemeines |
Open Access Publikationsfonds: | Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2020 |
Licence (German): | Creative Commons 4.0 - Namensnennung (CC BY 4.0) |