TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleiner, Florian
T1  - Optimization and semi-automatic evaluation of a frosting process for a soda lime silicate glass based on phosphoric acid
JF  - International Journal of Applied Glass Science
N2  - Chemical glass frosting processes are widely used to create visual attractive glass surfaces. A commonly used frosting bath mainly contains ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) mixed with hydrochloric acid (HCl). The frosting process consists of several baths. Firstly, the preliminary bath to clean the object. Secondly, the frosting bath which etches the rough light scattering structure into the glass surface. Finally, the washing baths to clean the frosted object. This is where the constituents of the preceding steps accumulate and have to be filtered from the sewage. In the present contribution, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was used as a substitute for HCl to reduce the amount of ammonium (NH4+) and chloride (Cl−) dissolved in the waste water. In combination with magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), it allows the precipitation of ammonium within the sewage as ammonium magnesium phosphate (MgNH4PO4). However, a trivial replacement of HCl by H3PO4 within the frosting process causes extensive frosting errors, such as inhomogeneous size distributions of the structures or domains that are not fully covered by these structures. By modifying the preliminary bath composition, it was possible to improve the frosting result considerably. To determine the optimal composition of the preliminary bath, a semi-automatic evaluation method has been developed. This method renders the objective comparison of the resulting surface quality possible.
KW  - Silicatglas
KW  - Mattieren
KW  - Ätzen
KW  - automated quality control
KW  - etching
KW  - glass frosting
KW  - phosphoric acid
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210701-44548
UR  - https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijag.15866
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - John Wiley & Sons
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kleiner, Florian
A1  - Rößler, Christiane
T1  - Utilizing Modern FIB/SEM Technology and EDS for 3D Imaging of Hydrated Alite and its Pore Space
T2  - ERICA-CASH II Final Converence
N2  - The exploration of cementitious materials using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) is mainly done using fractured or polished surfaces. This leads to high-resolution 2D-images that can be combined using EDX and EBSD to unveil details of the microstructure and composition of materials. Nevertheless, this does not provide a quantitative insight into the three-dimensional fine structure of for example C-S-H phases.
The focused ion beam (FIB) technology can cut a block of material in thin layers of less than 10 nm. This gives us a volume of 1000 μm³ with a voxel resolution of down to 4 x 4 x 10 nm³. The results can be combined with simultaneously acquired EDX data to improve image segmentation. Results of the investigation demonstrate that it is possible to obtain close-to-native 3D-visualisation of the spatial distribution of unreacted C3S, C-S-H and CH. Additionally, an optimized preparation method allows us to quantify the fine structure of C-S-H phases (length, aspect ratio, …) and the pore space.
KW  - Rasterelektronenmikroskop
KW  - Alit
KW  - SEM
KW  - Focussed Ion Beam
KW  - EDX
KW  - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - alite
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210702-44555
ER  -