TY - CHAP A1 - Hübner, Björn A1 - Walhorn, Elmar A1 - Kölke, Andreas T1 - Simultane Lösung gekoppelter Struktur-Fluid-Systeme T1 - A Simultaneous Solution Procedure for Fluid-Structure Interaction with Application to Civil Engineering Problems N2 - Ein simultanes Lösungsverfahren für Fluid-Struktur-Wechselwirkungen aus dem Bereich des Bauingenieurwesens wird vorgestellt. Die Modellierung der Tragwerksdynamik erfolgt mit der geometrisch nichtlinearen Elastizitätstheorie in total Lagrangescher Formulierung. Die Strömung wird mit den inkompressiblen Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen beschrieben. Wenn Turbulenzeffekte massgeblich sind, kommen die Reynolds-Gleichungen in Verbindung mit dem k-omega-Turbulenzmodell von Wilcox zum Einsatz. Zur Beschreibung von komplexen freien Oberflächen wird die Level-Set-Methode eingesetzt. Die einheitliche Diskretisierung von Fluid und Struktur mit der Raum-Zeit-Finite-Element-Methode führt zu einem konsistenten Berechnungsmodell für das gekoppelte System. Da die isoparametrischen Raum-Zeit-Elemente ihre Geometrie in Zeitrichtung ändern können, erlaubt die Methode eine natürliche Beschreibung des infolge der Strukturbewegung zeitveränderlichen Strömungsgebiets. Die gewichtete Integralformulierung der Kopplungsbedingungen mit globalen Freiwerten für die Interface-Spannungen sichert eine konservative Kopplung von Fluid und Struktur. Ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele zeigen die Leistungsfähigkeit der entwickelten Methodik und belegen die guten Konvergenzeigenschaften des simultanen Lösungsverfahrens. KW - Bauwerk KW - Dynamik KW - Modellierung KW - Flüssigkeit-Bauwerk-Wechselwirkung Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3114 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Cheung, Moe M. S. A1 - Noruziaan, Bahman A1 - Li, W. C. T1 - Data acquisition, processing and management systems for a Canadian bridge monitoring project N2 - This paper will present a number of technical aspects for one of the most elaborate instrumentation and data acquisition projects ever undertaken in Canada. Confederation Bridge, the longest bridge built over ice covered seawater has been equipped with the state of the art data acquistition devices and systems as well as data transfer networks. The Bridge has been providing a fixed surface connection between Prince Edward Island and Province of New Brunswick in Canada since its opening in 1997. The Bridge has a rather long design service life of 100 years. Because of its large size and long span length, its design is not covered by any existing codes or standards worldwide. The focus of the paper is to introduce the data acquisition, transfer, processing and management systems. The instrumentation and communications infrastructure and devices will be presented in some details along with the data processing and management systems and techniques. Teams of engineers and researchers use the collected data to verify the analysis and design assumptions and parameters as well as investigate the short-term and long-term behaviour and health of the Bridge. The collected data are also used in furthering research activities in the field of bridge engineering and in elevating our knowledge about behaviour, reliability and durability of such complex structures, their components and materials. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Brückenbau Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1235 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Al Diab, Ali A1 - Henry, Eric A1 - Boulemia, Cherif T1 - A concerted and multi-criterion approach for helping to choose a Structure- Foundation system of building N2 - The research of the best building design requires a concerted design approach of both structure and foundation. Our work is an application of this approach. Our objective is also to create an interactive tool, which will be able to define, at the early design stages, the orientations of structure and foundation systems that satisfy as well as possible the client and the architect. If the concerns of these two actors are primarily technical and economical, they also wish to apprehend the environmental and social dimensions of their projects. Thus, this approach bases on alternative studies and on a multi-criterion analysis. In this paper, we present the context of our work, the problem formulation, which allows a concerted design of Structure and Foundation systems and the feasible solutions identifying process. KW - Bauwerk KW - Gründung KW - CAD KW - Entscheidung bei mehrfacher Zielsetzung KW - Early design stage KW - building KW - foundation KW - multi-criterion analysis KW - decision making Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2732 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chou, Yu-Hur A1 - Hsieh, Shang-Hsien T1 - Design of Partial Scoring Assessment System for Reinforcement Concrete Design Course : Development of Partial Scoring Assessment System for Reinforcement Concrete Design Course N2 - In the field of Civil Engineering, the content of reinforcement concrete design course (RC course) has complicated design procedures and many difficult specifications to recognize, so most of the students regard the RC course a tough course, and teachers very often find the class time insufficient. Also, teachers of the RC course usually spend a lot of time in organizing the examinations for handling tedious calculations and complicated logical reasoning. Furthermore, correcting examination papers with partial scoring takes even more time of the teacher’s. Therefore, the objective of this research is to design and develop a partial scoring assessment system to meet the needs in engineering design courses, such as the RC course. This assessment system can generate test items with variable parameters. It also supports inference diagnosis on the examinee’s misconceptions and gives partial scores in grading the examination. In this research, the example test subject is the analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete beam with single layer steel bars. KW - Bautechnik KW - Computerunterstütztes Lernen KW - Stahlbeton Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-905 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Berger, Hans A1 - Graeff-Weinberg, K. T1 - FEM-Detailuntersuchungen an Tragwerken unter Einsatz von pNh-Übergangselementen N2 - Detailuntersuchungen an Tragwerken führen bei FE-Berechnungen immer wieder auf das Problem einer geeigneten Netzgestaltung. Während in weiten Bereichen ein grobes Netz ausreicht, muß an kritischen Stellen ein sehr feines Netz gewählt werden, um gerade dort hinreichend genaue Ergebnisse zu erhalten. Bei der Realisierung lokaler Netzverdichtungen stellt die Gestaltung des Übergangs vom groben zum feinen Netz das Hauptproblem dar. Im Beitrag wird hierzu eine Familie von FE-Übergangselementen vorgestellt, mit denen sich eine voll-kompatible Kopplung von wenigen großen Elementen mit vielen kleinen Elementen bereits über nur eine Stufe erzielen läßt. Diese neu entwickelten sogenannten pNh-Elemente ermöglichen an einer oder mehreren Seiten den Anschluß von N kleineren Elementen (Elementseiten für h-Verfeinerung). Das wird durch N stückweise definierte Ansatzfunktionen an den entsprechenden Seiten erreicht, wobei die Teilung nicht äquidistant sein braucht. Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, Elemente unterschiedlichen Polynomgrades p an den Standardseiten und den Verfeinerungsseiten anzuschließen. Der praktische Einsatz der Übergangselemente setzt geeignete automatische oder halbautomatische Netzgeneratoren voraus, die diese Elemente einbeziehen. Im Rahmen einer substrukturorientierten Modellierung läßt sich dies besonders günstig realisieren. Im Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie durch Zerlegung des Gesamtmodells in Bereiche mit grobem Netz, mit Übergangsnetz und mit feinem Netz, eine effektive Generierung der Netzverdichtungen zu erreichen ist. An einem praktischen Beispiel aus dem Bauingenieurwesen werden die Vorteile des vorgestellten Übergangselementkonzeptes umfassend demonstriert. KW - Tragwerk KW - Modellierung KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4267 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bürgy, Christian A1 - Garrett, James H. T1 - Supporting Domain Experts in Determining Viable User Interface Designs for Wearable Computers Used in AEC Work Situations N2 - The design of mobile IT systems, especially the design of wearable computer systems, is a complex task that requires computer science knowledge, such as that related to hardware configuration and software development, in addition to knowledge of the domain in which the system is intended to be used. Particularly in the AEC sector, it is necessary that the support from mobile information technology fit the work situation at hand. Ideally, the domain expert alone can adjust the wearable computer system to achieve this fit without having to consult IT experts. In this paper, we describe a model that helps in transferring existing design knowledge from non-AEC domains to new projects in the construction area. The base for this is a model and a methodology that describes the usage scenarios of said computer systems in an application-neutral and domain-independent way. Thus, the actual design information and experience will be transferable between different applications and domains. KW - Mobile Computing KW - Funknetz KW - Benutzeroberfläche KW - Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1168 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haase, Gundolf A1 - Langer, Ulrich A1 - Mühlhuber, Wolfram T1 - Optimal Sizing and Shape Optimization in Structural Mechanics N2 - We consider an industrial application consisting of the mass minimization of a frame in an injection moulding machine. This frame has to compensate the forces acting on the mould inside the machine and has to fulfill certain critical constraints. The deformation of that frame with constant thickness is described by the plain stress state equations for linear elasticity. If the thickness varies then we use a generalized plain stress state with constant thickness in the coarse grid elements. These direct problems are solved by an adaptive multigrid solver. The mass minimization problem leads to a constrained minimization problem for a non-linear functional which will be solved by some standard optimization algorithm which requires the gradients with respect to design parameters. For the shape optimization problem, we assume that the machine components consist of simple geometrical primitives determined by a few design parameters. Therefore, we calculate the gradient in the shape optimization by means of numerical differentiation which requires the solution of approximately 4 direct problems per design parameter. The adaptive solver guarantees the detection of critical regions automatically, and ensures a good approximation to the exact solution of the direct problem. This rather slow approach can be significantly accelerated by using the adjoint method to express the gradient. It will be combined with a direct implementation of several terms that appear after applying the chain rule to the gradient. KW - Baustatik KW - Tragwerk KW - Optimierung Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kicinger, Rafal A1 - Arciszewski, Tomasz A1 - De Jong, Kenneth T1 - Distributed Evolutionary Design: Island-Model-based Optimization of Steel Skeleton Structures in Tall Buildings N2 - This paper presents results of a study on distributed, or parallel, evolutionary computation in the topological design of steel structural systems in tall buildings. It describes results of extensive experimental research on various parallel evolutionary architectures applied to a complex structural design problem. The experiments were conducted using Inventor 2003, a networkbased evolutionary design support tool developed at George Mason University. First, a general introduction to evolutionary computation is provided with an emphasis on recent developments in parallel evolutionary architectures. Next, a discussion of conceptual design of steel structural systems in tall buildings is presented. Further, Inventor 2003 is briefly introduced as well as its design representation and evolutionary computation characteristics. Next, the results obtained from systematic design experiments conducted with Inventor 2003 are discussed. The objective of these experiments was to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate evolution of steel structural systems in tall buildings during a distributed evolutionary design process as well as to compare efficiency and effectiveness of various parallel evolutionary architectures with the traditional evolutionary design approaches. Two connectivity topologies (ring topology and fully-connected topology) have been investigated for four populations of structural designs evolving in parallel and using various migration strategies. Also, results of the initial sensitivity studies are reported in which two ways of initializing distributed evolutionary design processes were investigated, using either arbitrarily selected designs as initial parents or randomly generated ones. Finally, initial research conclusions are presented. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Stahlbau KW - Skelettbau KW - Optimierung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2195 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Breit, Manfred A1 - Kündig, Daniel A1 - Häubi, Fritz T1 - Project oriented learning environment (POLE-Europe) N2 - The presented work focuses on collaboration- experiences gathered with complex design and engineering projects, using the learning platform POLE- Europe. Within the POLE environment student-teams from different universities, disciplines and cultural backgrounds are assigned to real-world projects with clearly defined design - tasks, usually to be accomplished within one semester while working in a virtual environment for most of the time. The concept of POLE and the information and collaboration technology is described. KW - Bautechnik KW - Computerunterstütztes Lernen KW - Projektmanagement Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-935 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Milbradt, Peter A1 - Schierbaum, Jochen A1 - Schwöppe, Axel T1 - Finite Cell-Elements of Higher Order N2 - The method of the finite elements is an adaptable numerical procedure for interpolation as well as for the numerical approximation of solutions of partial differential equations. The basis of these procedure is the formulation of suitable finite elements and element decompositions of the solution space. Classical finite elements are based on triangles or quadrangles in the two-dimensional space and tetrahedron or hexahedron in the threedimensional space. The use of arbitrary-dimensional convex and non-convex polyhedrons as the geometrical basis of finite elements increases the flexibility of generating finite element decompositions substantially and is sometimes the only way to get a clear decomposition... KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2524 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hölzer, Wolfgang T1 - Advanced Planning and Scheduling Systems: Optimierungsmethoden in der interaktiven Entscheidungsunterstützung auf Basis von ERP und Feinplanung N2 - Seit die Datenverarbeitung in ihrer Komplexität sich der Thematik des Computer Integrated Manufacturing widmet gehört die Produktionsplanung und Steuerung zu jenen Bereichen, in denen eine Computerunterstützung am vordringlichsten erschien. Später sind betriebswirtschaftliche Gesamtlösungen entstanden, die (bis heute recht unpräzise) als Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)-Systeme bezeichnet werden und in ihren Logistik-Modulen auch Funktionen der Produktionsplanung abdecken. Alle bekannten MRP-, PPS- und auch ERP-Systeme beruhen auf einer Sukzessivplanung. Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) Systems finden seit etwa 1995 zunehmend Interesse. Neben Demand Planning, Production Planning and Scheduling, Distribution Planning, Transportation Planning und Supply Chain Planning werden Lösungen für Anzahl und Standorte von Produktionsstätten und Auslieferungslagern, Zuordnung zu Produktionsstätten, Kapazitätsbestimmung für Arbeitskräfte und Betriebsmittel je Standort, Lagerhaltung je Teil und Lager, Bestimmung benötigter Transportmittel und Häufigkeit ihres Einsatzes, Zuordnung von Lagern zu Produktionsstätten von Märkten zu Lagern u.a.m. von APS-Systemen erwartet. D.h. APS-Systeme ergänzen ERP-Lösungen, nutzen die bereits durch das ERP-System vorhandenen Daten und benötigen neuartige Algorithmen und (Meta-) Heuristiken. Im Rahmen des Vortrages werden Modelle und Echtzeitalgorithmen zur Optimierung der Logistik für Prozesse mit kurzfristigen Anforderungen, geographisch verteilter Produktion, Lagerhaltung der Ausgangs-, Zwischen- und Endprodukte und wechselnden Transport-Bedingungen aus der Sicht der praktischen Umsetzung und Anwendung in Form einer ASP-Lösung aufgezeigt und diskutiert. KW - Produktionsplanung KW - Produktionssteuerung KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3080 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sariyildiz, Sevil A1 - Schwenck, M. T1 - An Integrated Software Environment for the Architectural Design Process N2 - The general motivation of this research is to develop software to support the handling of the increased complexity of architectural design. In this paper we describe a system providing general support during the whole process. Instead of only developing design tools we are also addressing the problem of the operating environment of these tools. We conclude that design tools have to be integrated in an open, modular, distributed, user friendly and efficient environment. Two major fields have to be addressed - the development of design tools and the realisation of an integrated system as their operation environment. We will briefly focus on the latter by discussing known technologies in the field of information technology and other design disciplines that can be used to realise such an environment. Regarding the first subject we have to state the need of a detailed tool specification. As a solution we suggest a strategy where the tool functions are specified on the basis of a transformation, where a hierarchical process model is mapped into specifications of different design tools realising appropriate support for all sub-processes of architectural design. Using this strategy the main steps to develop such a support system are: implementation of a framework as basis for the integrated design system decision whether the tool specification are already implemented in available tools in this case these tools can be integrated using known methods for tool coupling otherwise new design tools have to be developed according to the framework KW - Architektur KW - CAD Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4447 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassan, Tarek A1 - Shelbourn, Mark A1 - Carter, Chris T1 - Collaboration in Construction: Legal and Contractual Issues in ICT Applications N2 - The construction industry is a project-based business bringing together many different organisations to complete a desired goal. The strategic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has enabled this goal to be completed more effectively. Two issues require addressing, the technology itself and the implementation factors of the technology. Such implementation factors should consider, among other factors, the legal and contractual issues associated with the use of ICT, training requirements and its effects on the organisational culture. To date the legal and contractual issues have not been extensively covered, and it is recognised that the technologies have not been properly covered by any recognised legal and contractual practices. This in turn is threatening to inhibit the growth and prosperity of the use of the technology on construction projects. This paper discusses these legal and contractual issues and describes methods and tools that can be used to enable the growth of technology to be used in a legal and contractually valid environment. KW - Forschung KW - Europa KW - Informationstechnik KW - Bauindustrie KW - Vertrag Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - El-Rayes, Khaled A1 - Hyari, Khalied T1 - A Multi-objective Model for Optimizing Construction Planning of Repetitive Infrastructure Projects N2 - This paper presents the development of a model for optimizing resource utilization in repetitive infrastructure projects. The model provides the capability of simultaneous minimization of both project duration and work interruptions for construction crews. The model provides in a single run, a set of nondominated solutions that represent the tradeoff between these two objectives. The model incorporates a multiobjective genetic algorithm and scheduling algorithm. The model initially generates a randomly selected set of solutions that evolves to a near optimal set of tradeoff solutions in subsequent generations. Each solution represents a unique scheduling solution that is associated with certain project duration and a number of interruption days for utilized construction crews. As such, the model provides project planners with alternative schedules along with their expected duration and resource utilization efficiency. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Infrastruktur Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2135 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Flood, Ian A1 - Issa, Raja A1 - Abu-Shdid, Caesar T1 - Developments in Hyper Real-Time Simulation of Transient Heat-Flow in Buildings N2 - This paper reports on the latest results in the development of a new approach for simulating the thermal behavior of buildings that overcomes the limitations of conventional heat-transfer simulation methods such as FDM and FEM. The proposed technique uses a coarse-grain approach to model development whereby each element represents a complete building component such as a wall, internal space, or floor. The thermal behavior of each coarse-grain element is captured using empirical modeling techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs). The main advantages of the approach compared to conventional simulation methods are: (a) simplified model construction for the end-user; (b) simplified model reconfiguration; (c) significantly faster simulation runs (orders of magnitude faster for two and three-dimensional models); and (d) potentially more accurate results. The paper demonstrates the viability of the approach through a number of experiments with a model of a composite wall. The approach is shown to be able to sustain highly accurate longterm simulation runs, if the coarse-grain modeling elements are implemented as ANNs. In contrast, an implementation of the coarse-grain elements using a linear model is shown to function inaccurately and erratically. The paper concludes with an identification of on-going work and future areas for development of the technique. KW - Hochschulbildung KW - Entscheidungsunterstützung KW - Echtzeitverarbeitung KW - Konvektion Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1961 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rüppel, Uwe T1 - Multimediale Gestaltung von Bestandsverwaltungsprozessen im Bauwesen N2 - Die Kosten für die Unterhaltung von Bauwerken über den Lebenszyklus sind im Vergleich zu den Planungs- und Herstellungskosten erheblich größer. Insbesondere setzt eine Reduzierung des Instandhaltungsaufwandes als Teilprozeß der Bestandsverwaltung das rechtzeitige Erkennen von Bauschäden und das vorausschauende Ergreifen von Gegenmaßnahmen voraus. Das planmäßige Vorgehen beim Erkennen von Bauschäden, d.h. die regelmäßige Überwachung baulicher Anlagen, dient nicht nur dem sparsamen Umgang mit vorhandenen Mitteln, sondern verringert auch die Gefahr des plötzlichen Versagens von tragenden Bauteilen. Dadurch werden Gefahren für die Nutzer der Bauwerke frühzeitig abgewendet. Die Notwendigkeit der systematischen Instandhaltung mit modernen Methoden wird auch in den Schlußfolgerungen des dritten Bauschadensberichts des Bundesministeriums für Raumordnung, Bauwesen und Städtebau unterstrichen. Um den Zustand eines Bauteils festzustellen, werden ausreichende Informationen über Struktur, Material, Alter, Belastungen, Umweltbedingungen etc. benötigt. Zur Verarbeitung dieser Fülle von Informationen unterschiedlichen Typs (z.B. technische Dokumente, CAD-Zeichnungen, Photos etc.) bei der Überwachung und Dokumentation baulicher Anlagen ist eine geeignete DV-Unterstützung notwendig. Zur Verwaltung der komplexen Baustrukturinformationen werden objektorientierte Bauwerksmodelle benötigt. Zur bedarfsgerechten Aufbereitung der unterschiedlichen Informationsarten und -qualitäten ist zusätzlich eine multimediale Informationsverarbeitung sowohl intern als auch in der Benutzungsschnittstelle erforderlich. Im Beitrag werden die Grundlagen objektorientierter Methoden zur Bauwerksmodellierung sowie von Multimedia mit den Bereichen Text, Graphik (Vektor- und Pixelgraphik), Audio, Photo und Video einschließlich deren Verknüpfungsmöglichkeiten im Sinne von Hypermedia an Beispielen erläutert. Zusätzlich werden aktuelle Entwicklungstendenzen im Bereich der Telekommunikation mit den Möglichkeiten des Computernetzes INTERNET zur Bestandsverwaltung in verteilten Systemen aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden Anwendungen der objektorientierten und multimedialen Informationsverarbeitung in der täglichen Ingenieurpraxis am Beispiel des DV-Systems BestandManager zur Überwachung und Dokumentation baulicher Anlagen vorgestellt. KW - Bauwerk KW - Langzeitverhalten KW - Bauschaden KW - Instandhaltung KW - Objektmodell Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4839 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaklauskas, Gintaris A1 - Cervenka, Vladimir A1 - Cervenka, Jan T1 - Deflection Calculation of RC Beams: Finite Element Software versus Design Code Methods N2 - The paper investigates accuracy of deflection predictions made by the finite element package ATENA and design code methods ACI and EC2. Deflections have been calculated for a large number of experimental reinforced concrete beams reported by three investigators. Statistical parameters have been established for each of the technique at different load levels, separately for the beams with small and moderate reinforcement ratio. KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren KW - Balken Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2498 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Minch, M. J. A1 - Trochanowski, A. T1 - The numerical Modelling and Analysis of RC cracked Structures N2 - The purpose of this paper is to review model for finite element techniques for non-linear crack analysis of reinforced concrete beams and slabs. The non-linear behaviour of concrete and steel were described. Some calculations of >self-stress< for concrete and reinforced concrete beam was made. Current computational aspects are discussed. Several remarks for future studies are also given. The numerical model of the concrete and reinforced concrete was described. The paper shows the results of calculations on a reinforced concrete plane stress panel with cracks. The non-linear, numerical model of calculations of reinforced concrete was assumed. Using finite elements method some calculations were made. The results of calculations like displacements, stresses and cracking are shown on diagrams. They were compared with experimental results and other finding. Some conclusions about the described model and results of calculation are shown. KW - Tragwerk KW - Stahlbeton KW - Rissbildung KW - Modellierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5278 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Biltchouk, Irina A1 - Pahl, Peter Jan T1 - Interaction of Data Bases and Graphical Interfaces in Civil Engineering N2 - Applications for civil engineering tasks usually contain graphical user interfaces for the engineering processes. Persistent objects of the applications are stored to data bases. The influence of the interaction between a graphical user interface and a data base for the development of an civil engineering application is investigated in this paper. A graphic application for the linear elastic analysis of plane frames, which was previously developed with standard tools of the Java platform, is compared to a redesigned implementation using a generalized data base for persistent objects. The investigation leads to the following results : - A strict distinction between persistent and transient objects influences the class structure of an application, in particular the class structure of a graphical user interface. - The structure of an application depends on the logic for updating of references to persistent and transient graphical objects after an application is read from a file. - The complexity of the reference management can usually be handled better by just in time referencing associated with String - identifiers rather than by automated referencing associated with Name - identifiers. KW - Baubetrieb KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren KW - Graphische Benutzeroberfläche KW - Datenbank Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1636 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tonn, Christian A1 - Wolkowicz, Christian A1 - Thurow, Torsten T1 - Plausibility in Architectural Design - DOMEdesign – Software Support for the formal shaping and architect-oriented design of shell structures N2 - Complex gridshell structures used in architecturally ambitious constructions remain as appealing as ever in the public realm. This paper describes the theory and approach behind the software realisation of a tool which helps in finding the affine self-weight geometry of gridshell structures. The software tool DOMEdesign supports the formal design process of lattice and grid shell structures based upon the laws of physics. The computer-aided simulation of suspension models is used to derive structurally favourable forms for domes and arches subject to compression load, based upon the input of simple architectonic parameters. Irregular plans, three-dimensional topography, a choice different kinds of shell lattice structures and the desired height of the dome are examples of design parameters which can be used to modify the architectural design. The provision of data export formats for structural dimensioning and visualisation software enables engineers and planners to use the data in future planning and to communicate the design to the client. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Schale Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1812 ER -