TY - THES A1 - Wolff, Thomas T1 - Ein methodischer Bemessungsansatz zur Abschätzung des Tragverhaltens von Pfahlgründungen in weichem kalkigen Sedimentgestein T1 - A Methodical Design Approach to estimate the Laod Bearing Capacity of Pile Foundations in soft calcareous Sedimentary Rock N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Tragverhalten und das Sicherheitsniveau axial belasteter Großbohrpfähle in den pleistozänen Kalkarenit der Küstenregion von Dubai untersucht. Zunächst wird auf der Grundlage von Ergebnissen umfangreicher Baugrundanalysen und Probebelastungen das Tragverhalten detailliert beschrieben. Anschließend wird ein auf der Finiten-Elemente-Methode basierendes Strukturmodell zur Simulation des Last-Setzungsverhaltens von Großbohrpfählen im Sinne eines numerischen Versuchsstandes entwickelt. Um herstellungsbedingte Veränderungen der Baugrundeigenschaften in der Kontaktzone Pfahl-Baugrund zu berücksichtigen, die mit boden- und felsmechanischen Elementversuchen gewöhnlich nicht erfassbar sind, werden die Größen der relevanten konstitutiven Parameterwerte iterativ mittels inverser Optimierungsstrategien bestimmt. Abschließend wird eine methodische Vorgehensweise aufgezeigt, wie das Sicherheitsniveau axial belasteter Großbohrpfählen unter Berücksichtigung der räumlichen Variabilität der Baugrundeigenschaften zuverlässig abgeschätzt werden kann. N2 - The main focus of this dissertation is, how the Estimation of the Load-Settlement behaviour of axial loaded Pile foundation can be improved when the constitutive parametervalues are invers indentified by Optimisation strategies. Following it is shown how the reliability of pile foundations can be estimated on the basis of the identified parametervalues and the lod test results. T3 - Schriftenreihe Geotechnik - 22 KW - Pfahl KW - Pfahlgründung KW - Bemessung KW - Partikel-Schwarm-Optimierung KW - Optimierung KW - Zuverlässigkeit KW - Faseroptischer Sensor KW - Sediment KW - Parameteridentif KW - Autokorrelationslänge KW - Pfahlprobebelastung KW - Pile Foundation KW - Pile Load Test KW - Reliability KW - fiber optical Sensor KW - Paramter Identification Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20100125-14993 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Asslan, Milad T1 - Factors Influencing Small-Strain Stiffness of soils and its Determination N2 - This term paper presents a literature review and discusses concepts of the following point: 1- Factors affecting small-strain stiffness in soil; 2- Methods to determine small-strain shear stiffness in laboratory and in-situ; 3- Brief introduction into wave propagation and 4- Bender elements technique to determine shear wave velocity in soil. KW - Soil KW - Shear modulus KW - Bender elements Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20120402-15870 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - König, Reinhard A1 - Müller, Daniela T1 - Simulating the development of residential areas of the city of Vienna from 1888 to 2001 T2 - Compendium of Abstracts of the 8th International Conference on Urban Planning and Environment (UPE8) N2 - The structure and development of cities can be seen and evaluated from different points of view. By replicating the growth or shrinkage of a city using historical maps depicting different time states, we can obtain momentary snapshots of the dynamic mechanisms of the city. An examination of how these snapshots change over the course of time and a comparison of the different static time states reveals the various interdependencies of population density, technical infrastructure and the availability of public transport facilities. Urban infrastructure and facilities are not distributed evenly across the city – rather they are subject to different patterns and speeds of spread over the course of time and follow different spatial and temporal regularities. The reasons and underlying processes that cause the transition from one state to another result from the same recurring but varyingly pronounced hidden forces and their complex interactions. Such forces encompass a variety of economic, social, cultural and ecological conditions whose respective weighting defines the development of a city in general. Urban development is, however, not solely a product of the different spatial distribution of economic, legal or social indicators but also of the distribution of infrastructure. But to what extent is the development of a city affected by the changing provision of infrastructure? As KW - urban simulation KW - Simulation Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160622-26066 CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, Reinhard A1 - Bauriedel, Christian T1 - Generating settlement structures: a method for urban planning and analysis supported by cellular automata JF - Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design N2 - Previous models for the explanation of settlement processes pay little attention to the interactions between settlement spreading and road networks. On the basis of a dielectric breakdown model in combination with cellular automata, we present a method to steer precisely the generation of settlement structures with regard to their global and local density as well as the size and number of forming clusters. The resulting structures depend on the logic of how the dependence of the settlements and the road network is implemented to the simulation model. After analysing the state of the art we begin with a discussion of the mutual dependence of roads and land development. Next, we elaborate a model that permits the precise control of permeability in the developing structure as well as the settlement density, using the fewest necessary control parameters. On the basis of different characteristic values, possible settlement structures are analysed and compared with each other. Finally, we reflect on the theoretical contribution of the model with regard to the context of urban dynamics. KW - Cellular automata KW - Computational urban design Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160624-26054 UR - http://www.envplan.com.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/abstract.cgi?id=b34025 SP - 602 EP - 624 ER - TY - THES A1 - Asslan, Milad T1 - An Experimental Study on the Initial Shear Stiffness in Granular Material under Controlled Multi-Phase Laboratory Conditions N2 - The initial shear modulus, Gmax, of soil is an important parameter for a variety of geotechnical design applications. This modulus is typically associated with shear strain levels about 5*10^-3% and below. The critical role of soil stiffness at small-strains in the design and analysis of geotechnical infrastructure is now widely accepted. Gmax is a key parameter in small-strain dynamic analyses such as those to predict soil behavior or soil-structure interaction during earthquake, explosions, machine or traffic vibration where it is necessary to know how the shear modulus degrades from its small-strain value as the level of shear strain increases. Gmax can be equally important for small-strain cyclic situations such as those caused by wind or wave loading and for small-strain static situations as well. Gmax may also be used as an indirect indication of various soil parameters, as it, in many cases, correlates well to other soil properties such as density and sample disturbance. In recent years, a technique using bender elements was developed to investigate the small-strain shear modulus Gmax. The objective of this thesis is to study the initial shear stiffness for various sands with different void ratios, densities, grain size distribution under dry and saturated conditions, then to compare empirical equations to predict Gmax and results from other testing devices with results of bender elements from this study. KW - Soil KW - Shear modulus KW - Shear wave KW - Soil dynamics KW - Bender elements Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20120402-15842 ER -