TY - CHAP A1 - Haiven, Max A1 - Thornton, Cassie T1 - Über die University of the Phoenix T2 - Experimente lernen, Techniken tauschen. Ein spekulatives Handbuch N2 - Wir haben die folgenden 13 Protokolle als Methodik entwickelt, die als Orientierungshilfe bei der Entstehung unserer Workshops und Interventionen dient. KW - Kunst KW - Universität KW - Künstlerischer Aktivismus Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201009-42640 UR - https://nocturne-plattform.de/text/uber-die-university-of-the-phoenix SP - 271 EP - 288 PB - Nocturne CY - Berlin und Weimar ER - TY - THES A1 - Reformat, Martin T1 - Zementmahlung - Untersuchungen zum Zusammenhang von Mahlaggregat und Materialeigenschaften N2 - Die Mahlung als Zerkleinerungsprozess stellt seit den Anfängen der Menschheit eine der wichtigsten Verarbeitungsformen von Materialien aller Art dar - von der Getreidemahlung, über das Aufschließen von Heilkräutern in Mörsern bis hin zur Herstellung von Tonern für Drucker und Kopierer. Besonders die Zementmahlung ist in modernen Gesellschaften sowohl ein wirtschaftlicher als auch ein ökologischer Faktor. Mehr als zwei Drittel der elektrischen Energie der Zementproduktion werden für Rohmehl- und Klinker- bzw. Kompositmaterialmahlung verbraucht. Dies ist nur ein Grund, warum der Mahlprozess zunehmend in den Fokus vieler Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben rückt. Die Komplexität der Zementmahlung steigt im zunehmenden Maße an. Die simple „Mahlung auf Zementfeinheit“ ist seit langem obsolet. Zemente werden maßgeschneidert, mit verschiedensten Kombinationsprodukten, getrennt oder gemeinsam, in unterschiedlichen Mahlaggregaten oder mit ganz neuen Ansätzen gefertigt. Darüber hinaus gewinnt auch der Sektor des Baustoffrecyclings, mit allen damit verbundenen Herausforderungen, immer mehr an Bedeutung. Bei der Fragestellung, wie der Mahlprozess einerseits leistungsfähige Produkte erzeugen kann und andererseits die zunehmenden Anforderungen an Nachhaltigkeit erfüllt, steht das Mahlaggregat im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen. Dementsprechend gliedert sich, neben einer eingehenden Literaturrecherche zum Wissensstand, die vorliegende Arbeit in zwei übergeordnete Teile: Im ersten Teil werden Untersuchungen an konventionellen Mahlaggregaten mit in der Zementindustrie verwendeten Kernprodukten wie Portlandzementklinker, Kalkstein, Flugasche und Hüttensand angestellt. Um eine möglichst effektive Mahlung von Zement und Kompositmaterialien zu gewährleisten, ist es wichtig, die Auswirkung von Mühlenparametern zu kennen. Hierfür wurde eine umfangreiche Versuchsmatrix aufgestellt und abgearbeitet. Das Spektrum der Analysemethoden war ebenfalls umfangreich und wurde sowohl auf die gemahlenen Materialien als auch auf die daraus hergestellten Zemente und Betone angewendet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass vor allem die Unterscheidung zwischen Mahlkörpermühlen und mahlkörperlosen Mühlen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Granulometrie und somit auch auf die Zementperformance hat. Besonders stark wurden die Verarbeitungseigenschaften, insbesondere der Wasseranspruch und damit auch das Porengefüge und schließlich Druckfestigkeiten sowie Dauerhaftigkeitseigenschaften der aus diesen Zementen hergestellten Betone, beeinflusst. Bei Untersuchungen zur gemeinsamen Mahlung von Kalkstein und Klinker führten ungünstige Anreicherungseffekte des gut mahlbaren Kalksteins sowie tonigen Nebenbestandteilen zu einer schlechteren Performance in allen Zementprüfungen. Der zweite Teil widmet sich der Hochenergiemahlung. Die dahinterstehende Technik wird seit Jahrzehnten in anderen Wirtschaftsbranchen, wie der Pharmazie, Biologie oder auch Lebensmittelindustrie angewendet und ist seit einiger Zeit auch in der Zementforschung anzutreffen. Beispielhaft seien hier die Planeten- und Rührwerkskugelmühle als Vertreter genannt. Neben grundlegenden Untersuchungen an Zementklinker und konventionellen Kompositmaterialien wie Hüttensand und Kalkstein wurde auch die Haupt-Zementklinkerphase Alit untersucht. Die Hochenergiemahlung von konventionellen Kompositmaterialien generierte zusätzliche Reaktivität bei gleicher Granulometrie gegenüber der herkömmlichen Mahlung. Dies wurde vor allem bei per se reaktivem Zementklinker als auch bei latent-hydraulischem Hüttensand beobachtet. Gemahlene Flugaschen konnten nur im geringen Maße weiter aktiviert werden. Der generelle Einfluss von Oberflächenvergrößerung, Strukturdefekten und Relaxationseffekten eines Mahlproduktes wurden eingehend untersucht und gewichtet. Die Ergebnisse bei der Hochenergiemahlung von Alit zeigten, dass die durch Mahlung eingebrachten Strukturdefekte eine Erhöhung der Reaktivität zur Folge haben. Hierbei konnte festgestellt werden, das maßgeblich Oberflächendefekte, strukturelle (Volumen-)defekte und als Konterpart Selbstheilungseffekte die reaktivitätsbestimmenden Faktoren sind. Weiterhin wurden Versuche zur Mahlung von Altbetonbrechsand durchgeführt. Im Speziellen wurde untersucht, inwieweit eine Rückführung von Altbetonbrechsand, als unverwertbarer Teil des Betonbruchs, in Form eines Zement-Kompositmaterials in den Baustoffkreislauf möglich ist. Die hierfür verwendete Mahltechnik umfasst sowohl konventionelle Mühlen als auch Hochenergiemühlen. Es wurden Kompositzemente mit variiertem Recyclingmaterialanteil hergestellt und auf grundlegende Eigenschaften untersucht. Zur Bewertung der Produktqualität wurde der sogenannte „Aktivierungskoeffizient“ eingeführt. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Rückführung von Altbetonbrechsand als potentielles Kompositmaterial wesentlich vom Anteil des Zementsteins abhängt. So konnte beispielsweise reiner Zementstein als aufgemahlenes Kompositmaterial eine bessere Performance gegenüber dem mit Gesteinskörnung beaufschlagtem Altbetonbrechsand ausweisen. Bezogen auf die gemessenen Hydratationswärmen und Druckfestigkeiten nahm der Aktivierungskoeffzient mit fallendem Abstraktionsgrad ab. Ebenfalls sank der Aktivierungskoeffizient mit steigendem Substitutionsgrad. Als Vergleich wurden dieselben Materialien in konventionellen Mühlen aufbereitet. Die hier erzielten Ergebnisse können teilweise der Hochenergiemahlung als gleichwertig beurteilt werden. Folglich ist bei der Aktivierung von Recyclingmaterialien weniger die Mahltechnik als der Anteil an aktivierbarem Zementstein ausschlaggebend. N2 - Grinding as a comminution process has been one of the most important forms of processing of all kinds of materials since the beginning of mankind - from grain grinding over digesting medicinal herbs in mortars to producing toners for printers and copiers. Cement grinding in particular is both an economic and an ecological factor in modern societies. More than two-thirds of the electrical energy of cement production is consumed for raw meal and clinker or composite material grinding. This is just one reason why the milling process is increasingly becoming the focus of many research and development projects. And the complexity of cement grinding is increasing. The simple demand to grind to a certain cement fineness is obsolete. Cements are custom-made with a variety of combination products, comminuted separately or together in different grinding units or made with completely new approaches. In addition, the sector of building materials recycling - with all the associated challenges - also wins more and more importance. In terms of the question of how the grinding process could produce high-performance products on the one hand and the increasing demands on sustainability on the other hand, the grinding devices are the focus of the considerations. Accordingly, in addition to an in-depth literature review on the state of knowledge, the present work is divided into two major parts: In the first part investigations are made on conventional grinding devices with core products used in the cement industry, such as Portland cement clinker, limestone, fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag. To ensure the most effective grinding of cement and composite materials, it is important to know the effect of grinding parameters. For this, an extensive experimental matrix was set up and processed. The spectrum of analysis methods was also extensive and was applied to both the milled materials and the cements and concretes made from them. It could be shown that especially the distinction between grinding media mills and non-grinding media mills has a decisive influence on the granulometry and thus also on the cement performance. The processing properties, especially the water demand and thus the pore structure and finally compressive strength and durability properties of the concretes made from these cements, have been strong influenced, particularly. In studies on the common grinding of limestone and clinker an unfavorable enrichment of easily grindable limestone and clayey secondary constituents led to a poorer performance in all cement tests. The second part is devoted to high-energy milling. The technology behind it has been used for decades in other sectors of the economy, such as pharmacy, biology and the food industry and has also been used in cement research for some time. As representatives, the planetary and stirred media ball mill may be mentioned here. In addition to basic investigations on cement clinker and conventional composite materials such as blast furnace slag and limestone, the main Portland cement clinker phase alite was also investigated. The high-energy milling of conventional composite materials generated additional reactivity with the same granulometry compared to conventional grinding. This was observed especially on per se reactive Portland cement clinker as well as on latent-hydraulic blast furnace slag. Ground fly ash could be activated only to a small extent. The general influence of surface enlargement, structural defects and relaxation effects of a ground product were thoroughly investigated and weighted as well. The high-energy milling results of alite showed that the structural defects introduced by milling result in an increased reactivity. It was found that mainly surface defects, structural (volume) defects and as counterpart self-healing effects are the factors determining reactivity. Furthermore, attempts were made to grind concrete waste sand (CDW). In particular, it was examined to what extent a return of CDW, as an unvaluable part of the concrete fracture, in the form of a cement composite material in the building material cycle is possible. The grinding technique used for this purpose includes both conventional mills and high-energy mills. Composite cements with a varied proportion of recycled material were produced and examined for their fundamental properties. For the evaluation of the product quality the so-called äctivation coefficient"was introduced. It was found that the return of used concrete crushed sand as a potential composite significantly depends on the content of the cement paste. For example, pure cement paste as a milled composite showed better performance than the aggregated contaminated CDW. Based on the measured heat of hydration and compressive strengths, the activation coefficient decreased with decreasing degree of abstraction and the activation coefficient also decreased with increasing degree of substitution. For comparison, the same materials were prepared in conventional mills. The results obtained here can be partly considered as equivalent to high-energy milling. Consequently, when activating recycled materials, the grinding technique is less important than the amount of activatable cement paste. KW - Zement KW - Beton KW - Mahlung KW - Zementmahlung KW - Mahlaggregat KW - Vertical roller mill Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201102-42794 SN - 978-3-00-067121-0 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vollmer, Lisa A1 - Michel, Boris T1 - Wohnen in der Klimakrise. Die Wohnungsfrage als ökologische Frage: Aufruf zur Debatte T2 - s u b \ u r b a n. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung N2 - Die Verbindung der sozialen und der ökologischen Frage ist eine der zentralen Herausforderungen linker Politik und kritisch-engagierter Wissenschaft heute. Dafür, wie wenig das bisher gelingt, sind die öffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen um die Wohnungsfrage gute Beispiele. Dieser Aufruf ist eine Einladung an den kollektiven Wissensschatz aus Wissenschaft und Aktivismus, die unterschiedlichen Aspekte der ökologischen Wohnungsfrage, die bisher stark fragmentiert behandelt werden, in einzelnen Beiträgen weiter auszuführen und auf ihren strukturellen Zusammenhang mit der sozialen Wohnungsfrage hin zu beleuchten. KW - Wohnen KW - Wohnungspolitik KW - Wohnungsfrage KW - Klimapolitik KW - Soziale Sicherheit KW - Protestbewegung KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210122-43327 UR - https://zeitschrift-suburban.de/sys/index.php/suburban/article/view/552 VL - 2020 IS - Band 8, Heft 1/2 SP - 163 EP - 166 PB - Sub\urban e.V. CY - Leipzig ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Emerson, Jill A1 - Egert, Gerko T1 - wie den sozialen Muskel trainieren T2 - Experimente lernen, techniken tauschen. Ein experimentelles Handbuch N2 - Interview zum Social Muskel Club und dem "Geben und nehmen Spiel" KW - Gabe KW - Club KW - Netzwerk KW - Sozialer Muskel Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201009-42586 UR - https://nocturne-plattform.de/text/wie-den-sozialen-muskel-trainieren SP - 71 EP - 89 PB - Nocturne CY - Berlin/Weimar ER - TY - THES A1 - Mendonça de Almeida, Karina T1 - Why isn't Google welcome in Kreuzberg? Social movement and the effects of Internet on urban space N2 - Advances in information and communication technologies such as the Internet have driven a great transformation in the interactions between individuals and the urban environment. As the use of the Internet in cities becomes more intense and diverse, there is also a restructuring of urban space, which is experienced by groups in society in various ways, according to the specificity of each context. Accordingly, large Internet companies have emerged as new players in the processes of urbanization, either through partnerships with the public administration or through various services offered directly to urban residents. Once these corporations are key actors in the digitalization of urban services, their operations can affect the patterns of urban inequality and generate a series of new struggles over the production of space. Interested in analyzing this phenomena from the perspective of civil society, the present Master Thesis examined a social movement that prevented Google to settle a new startup campus in the district of Kreuzberg, in Berlin. By asking why Google was not welcome in that context, this study also sought to understand how internet, as well as its main operators, has affected everyday life in the city. Thus, besides analyzing the movement, I investigated the particularities of the urban context where it arose and the elements that distinguish the mobilization’s opponent. In pursuit of an interdisciplinary approach, I analyzed and discussed the results of empirical research in dialogue with critical theories in the fields of urban studies and the Internet, with emphasis on Castells' definitions of urban social movements and network society (1983, 2009, 2015), Couldry's and Mejias' (2019) idea of data colonialism, Lefèbvre's (1991, 1996) concepts of abstract space and the right to the city, as well as Zuboff's (2019) theory of surveillance capitalism. The case at hand has exposed that Google plays a prominent role in the way the Internet has been developed and deployed in cities. From the perspective accessed, the current appropriation of Internet technologies has been detrimental to individual autonomy and has contributed to intensifying existing inequalities in the city. The alternative vision to this relies mainly on the promotion of decentralized solidarity networks. KW - Soziale Bewegung KW - Internet KW - Stadt KW - Social movement KW - urban space KW - Internet KW - tech company KW - Berlin Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200924-42446 ER - TY - THES A1 - Pessoa, Suelen T1 - Why do the Archives archive? A journey from the hunko to the counter-ethnography and back N2 - A complex artistic research on the theme of cultural heritage and (neo)colonial processes of material and immaterial expropriation. Starting from the encounter with a phonographic relic at the Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv, the artist embarks on a journey to her own roots embodied in the practice of the Afro-Brazilian religion Candomblé. In the form of a theoretical treatise, an archive (photos, diagrams, maps, newspaper clippings, letters, documents), as well as a sound performance in the public space of the city of Weimar, several theoretical and performative elements are brought together in this transmedia artistic research that proposes a true decolonial practice. KW - Künstlerische Forschung KW - Museumskunde KW - Ethnologie KW - Candomblé KW - Brasilien KW - decolonisation KW - memoy KW - museum KW - visual arts KW - artistic research KW - Artistic Research KW - Museology KW - Counter-ethnography KW - Brazil Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210112-43280 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buschow, Christopher T1 - Why Do Digital Native News Media Fail? An Investigation of Failure in the Early Start-Up Phase JF - Media and Communication N2 - Digital native news media have great potential for improving journalism. Theoretically, they can be the sites where new products, novel revenue streams and alternative ways of organizing digital journalism are discovered, tested, and advanced. In practice, however, the situation appears to be more complicated. Besides the normal pressures facing new businesses, entrepreneurs in digital news are faced with specific challenges. Against the background of general and journalism specific entrepreneurship literature, and in light of a practice–theoretical approach, this qualitative case study research on 15 German digital native news media outlets empirically investigates what barriers curb their innovative capacity in the early start-up phase. In the new media organizations under study here, there are—among other problems—a high degree of homogeneity within founding teams, tensions between journalistic and economic practices, insufficient user orientation, as well as a tendency for organizations to be underfinanced. The patterns of failure investigated in this study can raise awareness, help news start-ups avoid common mistakes before actually entering the market, and help industry experts and investors to realistically estimate the potential of new ventures within the digital news industry. KW - Journalismus KW - Digitalisierung KW - Neue Medien KW - Entrepreneurship KW - digital-born news media KW - digital native news media KW - entrepreneurial journalism KW - news start-ups KW - practice theories KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200417-41347 UR - https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/2677 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 8, Issue 2 SP - 51 EP - 61 PB - Cogitatio Press CY - Lissabon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rinsdorf, Lars A1 - Buschow, Christopher ED - Wellbrock, Christian ED - Zabel, Christian T1 - Validität durch Agilität: Methodische Implikationen einerpraxistheoretisch fundierten Medieninnovationsforschung T2 - Innovation in der Medienproduktion und -distribution - Proceedings der Jahrestagung der Fachgruppe Medienökonomie der DGPUK 2019, Köln N2 - Das Innovationsmanagement von Medienorganisationen unterliegt derzeit erheblichen Veränderungen: Im veränderten Marktumfeld erweisen sich Flexibilität, schnelle Richtungswechsel und Anpassungsfähigkeit als zentral. Darauf muss auch die Medienmanagement-Forschung reagieren: Um die Agilität der gegenwärtigen Unternehmenspraxis valide zu erforschen, ist eine ebenso agile, adaptive Forschung gefordert. Zu diesem Zweck schlägt der Beitrag eine praxistheoretische Perspektive auf das Innovationsmanagement von Medienorganisationen vor. Empirische Forschungsdesigns, die aus einem solchen Zugriff resultieren, werden sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer methodischen Herausforderungen als auch ihres Forschungsprojektmanagements diskutiert. Der Beitrag greift außerdem neue Möglichkeitsräume des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens, des Universitätsmanagements sowie der Forschungsorganisation auf, die praxistheoretisch gegründete, empirische Innovationsforschung in der Medienwirtschaft einfordert. KW - Medienökonomie KW - Medientechnik KW - Innovationsforschung KW - Methodologie KW - Projektmanagement KW - Medienwirtschaft Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200630-41874 UR - https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/68090# PB - SSOAR - Social Science Open Access Repository CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - THES A1 - Javanmardi, Leila T1 - URBANISM AND DICTATORSHIP. A Study on Urban Planning in Contemporary History of Iran, Second Pahlavi: 1941-1979 N2 - The evolution of urbanism under dictatorship forms the core of the current research. This thesis is part of a research network at Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, which studies the 20th century's urbanism under different dictatorships. The network has provided a cross-cultural and cross-border environment and has enabled the author to communicate with other like-minded researchers. The 2015 published book of this group 'Urbanism and Dictatorship: A European Perspective' strengthens the foundation of this research's theoretical and methodological framework. This thesis investigates urban policies and plans leading to the advancement of urbanization and the transformation of urban space in Iran during the second Pahlavi (1941-1979) when the country faced a milestone in its history: Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. By reflecting the influence of economic and socio‐political determinants of the time on urbanism and the urbanization process, this work intends to critically trace the effect of dictatorship on evolved urbanism before and after the oil nationalization in 1951. The research on the second Pahlavi's urbanism has been limitedly addressed and has only recently expanded. Most of the conducted studies date back to less than a decade ago and could not incorporate all the episodes of the second Pahlavi urbanism. These works have often investigated urbanism and architecture by focusing merely on the physical features and urban products in different years regardless of the importance of urbanism as a tool in the service of hegemony. In other words, the majority of the available literature does not intend to address the socio-economic and political roots of urban transformations and by questioning 'what has been built?' investigates the individual urban projects and plans designed by individual designers without interlinking these projects to the state's urban planning program and tracing the beneficiaries of those projects or questioning 'built for whom?' Moreover, some chapters of this modern urbanism have rarely been investigated. For instance, scant research has looked into the works of foreign designers and consultants involved in the projects such as Peter Georg Ahrens or Constantinos A. Doxiadis. Similarly, the urbanism of the first decade of the second Pahlavi, including the government of Mossadegh, has mainly been overlooked. Therefore, by critically analyzing the state's urban planning program and the process of urbanization in Iran during the second Pahlavi, this research aims to bridge the literature gap and to unravel the effect of the power structure on urban planning and products while seeking to find a pattern behind the regime's policies. The main body of this work is concentrated on studying the history of urbanism in Iran, of which collecting data and descriptions played a crucial role. To prevent the limitations associated with singular methods, this research's methodology is based on methodological triangulation (Denzin, 2017). With the triangulation scheme, the data is gathered by combining different qualitative and quantitative methods such as the library, archival and media research, online resources, non-participatory observation, and photography. For the empirical part, the city of Tehran is selected as the case study. Moreover, individual non-structured interviews with the locals were conducted to gain more insights regarding urban projects. KW - Stadtplanung KW - Modernisierung KW - Autokratie KW - Segregation KW - Iran KW - Pahlavi KW - Tehran KW - Dictatorship KW - Urban Planning KW - Modernization Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220224-45971 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Vogel, Albert A1 - Benz, Alexander A1 - Völker, Conrad T1 - Untersuchung des Wärmeübergangs von zyklisch beanspruchten Betonzylindern N2 - Wiederkehrende Belastungen, wie sie beispielsweise an Brücken oder Windenergieanlagen auftreten, können innerhalb der Nutzungsdauer solcher Bauwerke bis zu 1.000.000.000 Lastwechsel erreichen. Um das dadurch eintretende Ermüdungsverhalten von Beton zu untersuchen, werden diese zyklischen Beanspruchungen in mechanischen Versuchen mit Prüfzylindern nachgestellt. Damit Versuche mit solch hohen Lastwechselzahlen in akzeptablen Zeitdauern durchgeführt werden können, wird die Belastungsfrequenz erhöht. Als Folge dieser erhöhten Belas-tungsfrequenz erwärmen sich allerdings die Betonprobekörper, was zu einem früheren, unrealistischen Versagenszeitpunkt führen kann, weshalb die Erwärmung begrenzt werden muss. Um die Wärmefreisetzung in der Probe zu untersuchen, wurden Versuche und Simulationen durchgeführt. Im Beitrag wird die analytische und messtechnische Analyse des Wärmeübergangs an erwärmten Betonzylindern vorgestellt. Resultierend daraus wird eine Möglichkeit zur Reduktion der Erwärmung an zyklisch beanspruchten Betonzylindern vorgestellt. N2 - Periodic load cycles, such as those that occur on bridges or wind turbines, are of great importance for dynamic long-term considerations of concrete. Within the life span of such structures, up to 1,000,000,000 load changes can be expected. To determine the fatigue strength, the resistance to periodic loads can be determined in a short time in laboratory tests by increasing the load frequency. As a result of this increased load frequency, however, the concrete test specimens heat up, which can lead to an earlier, unrealistic time of failure, which is why the heating must be limited. Therefore, tests and simulations were carried out to investigate the heat release in the sample. In this article, the analytical analysis and measurements of the heat release of heated concrete cylinders are presented. As a conclusion, a possibility of reducing the temperature of dynamically stressed concrete cylinders is introduced. KW - Zyklische Beanspruchung KW - Wärmeübergang KW - Wärmeübergangskoeffizient KW - Dissipation KW - Wärmeübergangskoeffizient an Zylinder KW - heat transfer coefficient for cylinders KW - cyclic load Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200619-41813 N1 - This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bapi.202000004, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/bapi.202000004 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 42, Issue 3 SP - 131 EP - 138 PB - John Wiley and Sons ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Mario A1 - Londong, Jörg T1 - Transformation der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft – Steuerungsmechanismen im Diskurs ressourcenorientierter Systemansätze am Beispiel von Thüringen T1 - Transformation of the wastewater sector – The ability of state level controlling mechanisms to enhance the implementation of resource-oriented sanitation systems JF - Raumforschung und Raumordnung N2 - Neuartige Sanitärsysteme zielen auf eine ressourcenorientierte Verwertung von Abwasser ab. Erreicht werden soll dies durch die separate Erfassung von Abwasserteilströmen. In den Fachöffentlichkeiten der Wasserwirtschaft und Raumplanung werden neuartige Sanitärsysteme als ein geeigneter Ansatz für die zukünftige Sicherung der Abwasserentsorgung in ländlichen Räumen betrachtet. Die Praxistauglichkeit dieser Systeme wurde zwar in Forschungsprojekten nachgewiesen, bisher erschweren jedoch für Abwasserentsorger vielfältige Risiken die Einführung einer ressourcenorientierten Abwasserbewirtschaftung. Ausgehend von einer Untersuchung der Kontexte bei der Umsetzung eines neuartigen Sanitärsystems im ländlichen Raum Thüringens wird in diesem Beitrag der Frage nachgegangen, wie auf Landesebene mit dem abwasserwirtschaftlichen Instrumentarium die Einführung von ressourcenorientierten Systemansätzen unterstützt werden kann. Zentrale Elemente des Beitrags sind die Darstellung der wesentlichen Transformationsrisiken in Bezug auf die Einführung innovativer Lösungsansätze, eine Erläuterung der spezifischen abwasserwirtschaftlichen Instrumente sowie die Darlegung von Steuerungsansätzen,mit denen die Einführung von neuartigen Sanitärsystemen gefördert werden kann. Im Ergebnis wird die Realisierbarkeit von neuartigen Sanitärsystemen durch den strategischen Einsatz des Instrumentariums deutlich, gleichwohl die Wasserwirtschaft durch die Erweiterung der bisherigen Systemgrenzen auf die Kooperation mit anderen Bereichen der Daseinsvorsorge angewiesen ist. N2 - New sanitary systems are an intelligent way to approach wastewater management in the face of demographic and climatic changes. It is also compatible with the emerging paradigm of a resource-oriented management of wastewater. While the general technical applicability of resource-oriented systems has been proven in various projects, the realisation is still on hold. The reasons can be found in several risks for wastewater disposal companies that are linked to the implementation process. Based on an analysis of the general context of an implementation of a new sanitary system in a typical rural area of Eastern Germany, this paper analyses to which extend the implementation of such innovative approaches can be facilitated by the regulation system and which steps need to be taken. According to this aim, risks that can hamper the transformation of the wastewater sector are identified, major administrative controlling mechanisms outlined and depicted in which strategic approach these could be used in order to foster the implementation of resource-oriented sanitary systems. As a result, the feasibility of the implementation of new alternative sanitary systems through the strategic application of the controlling mechanisms is generally proven. However, collaborations of the wastewater sectors with stakeholders of other sectors are required. KW - Raumordnung KW - Abwasserwirtschaft KW - Neuartige Sanitärsysteme KW - Instrument KW - Transformation KW - Siedlungswasserwirtschaft KW - Steuerungsansätze KW - Transformationsrisiken KW - Wastewater manegement KW - Transformation risks KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201022-42731 UR - https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/rara/78/4/article-p397.xml VL - 2020 IS - Band 78, Heft 4 SP - 397 EP - 411 PB - Sciendo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fathi, Sadegh A1 - Sajadzadeh, Hassan A1 - Mohammadi Sheshkal, Faezeh A1 - Aram, Farshid A1 - Pinter, Gergo A1 - Felde, Imre A1 - Mosavi, Amir T1 - The Role of Urban Morphology Design on Enhancing Physical Activity and Public Health JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Along with environmental pollution, urban planning has been connected to public health. The research indicates that the quality of built environments plays an important role in reducing mental disorders and overall health. The structure and shape of the city are considered as one of the factors influencing happiness and health in urban communities and the type of the daily activities of citizens. The aim of this study was to promote physical activity in the main structure of the city via urban design in a way that the main form and morphology of the city can encourage citizens to move around and have physical activity within the city. Functional, physical, cultural-social, and perceptual-visual features are regarded as the most important and effective criteria in increasing physical activities in urban spaces, based on literature review. The environmental quality of urban spaces and their role in the physical activities of citizens in urban spaces were assessed by using the questionnaire tool and analytical network process (ANP) of structural equation modeling. Further, the space syntax method was utilized to evaluate the role of the spatial integration of urban spaces on improving physical activities. Based on the results, consideration of functional diversity, spatial flexibility and integration, security, and the aesthetic and visual quality of urban spaces plays an important role in improving the physical health of citizens in urban spaces. Further, more physical activities, including motivation for walking and the sense of public health and happiness, were observed in the streets having higher linkage and space syntax indexes with their surrounding texture. KW - Morphologie KW - Gesundheitswesen KW - Intelligente Stadt KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gesundheitsinformationssystem KW - urban morphology KW - public health KW - physical activities KW - health KW - public space KW - urban health KW - smart cities KW - sustainability Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200402-41225 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2359 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 17, Issue 7, 2359 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Camerin, Federico T1 - THE ROLE OF THE GREAT PROPERTY IN THE EUROPEAN CITY-MAKING PROCESS IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE 20th CENTURY. MILITARY PROPERTY AS REFERENCE N2 - The thesis concerns a work of urban history intended not to describe the city but rather to interpret it. By doing so, I have interpreted the city by means of the role played by the so-called ‘great property’ in the European city-making process during the last three decades of the 20th century, specifically focused on the concrete case of military properties in Italy. I have also considered the role played by other kinds of great properties, i.e. industries and railway, which previously acted in the production of the built environment in a different way respect to the military one. As all of them have as common denominator the fact of being ‘capital in land’, I analysed great industrial and railway properties in order to extrapolate a methodology which helped me to interpret the relationship between military properties and city-making process in Europe in the late 20th century. I have analysed the relationship between the capital in land and the city-making process on the ground of the understanding the interrelation between the great property, the urban development, and the agents involved in the urban and territorial planning. Here I have showed that urban planning is not the decisive factor influencing the citymaking process, but instead the power held by the capital in land. I have found that is the great property the trigger of the creation of new ‘areas of centrality’ intended as large areas for consumerism. As far as the role played by great property is concerned, I have also discovered that it has evolved over time. Originally, industrial and railway properties have been regenerated into a wide range of new profit-driven spaces; successively, I have found out that most of the regeneration of military premises aimed to materialise areas of centrality. The way of interpreting this factor has been based on focusing my attention on the military premises in Italy: I have classified their typology when they have been built and, most importantly, when they have been regenerated into new areas of centrality. N2 - El trabajo aborda el entendimiento del proceso de construcción de la ciudad europea durante el último tercio del siglo XX, desde el protagonismo y el papel ejercido por la Gran Propiedad, un nuevo concepto elaborado ad hoc dentro del Programa Europeo European Joint Doctorate “urbanHist” en especial, aquella que se identifica con las instalaciones militares en Italia. El intento es esbozar un planteamiento teórico que nos permita un entendimiento de los fenómenos que asisten al proceso de construcción histórico de las ciudades europeas. Bien entendido, que los presupuestos teóricos esbozados se verificarán, en un intento por elaborar una “praxis-teórica”, con ejemplos, casos estudio, extraídos de la realidad construida que identifica a algunas ciudades europeas. T2 - EL PAPEL DE LA GRAN PROPIEDAD EN EL PROCESO DE CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA CIUDAD EUROPEA DURANTE EL ÚLTIMO TERCIO DEL SIGLO XX. LAS PROPIEDADES MILITARES COMO REFERENTE KW - Stadtplanung KW - Stadtgeschichte KW - Urbanität KW - European city-making process KW - capitalist city KW - urban regeneration KW - urban development KW - urban planning KW - urban history KW - urbanism Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200714-42018 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lee, Sihyo T1 - The making of totalitarian city in Pyongyang: The spatial transition from free to ideology, and for marketization N2 - Space is a social product and a social producer. The main aim of this thesis is to reveal ‘the process of totalitarian city making in Pyongyang’, especially in the light of the interaction between the power and urban space. The totalitarian city of Pyongyang was born out of modernization in the process of masses formation. During the growth of colonial capitalism and Christian liberal ideas, Pyongyang was modernized and displayed the characteristics of a modern city with industrialization and urbanization. During the introduction of Japanese colonial capitalism, peasants, women, and slaves became the first masses and urban poor, and they later transformed into the mob; their violence was finally demonstrated during the Anti-Chinese Riot. After the 1945 independence, Kim’s regime formed the one-party state with a cry for revolution. They produced an atmosphere of imminent war to instill fear and hatred into the psyche of Pyongyang citizens. The regime eliminated all political opponents in 1967 and finally declared the totalitarian ideology in 1974. During this process, Pyongyang demonstrated two main characteristics of a totalitarian city: the space of terror and of ideology. The space of terror produces the fear of death and the space of ideology controls the thought and life of citizens. After entry to the market, to keep Kim’s controlling power, the regime used the strategy of location exchange. The camp, market, and Foreign Currency Shop were effective tools to prepare for executives’ gifts. However, the market also produces the desire not only for consumption but also for freedom and truth; it is tearing down the foundation of the totalitarian city of Pyongyang. This research focuses primarily on the interaction between political power and urban space. In the process of making a totalitarian city, the power produced urban space and it influenced the psyche of Pyongyang citizens. Even though this spatial transition has created the totalitarian city and helped maintain political power, it also led and produced intended or unintended social variation in Pyongyang society. KW - Pyongyang KW - totalitarian city KW - Stadtbild KW - Pyongyang KW - North Korea KW - space of ideology KW - spatial transition KW - ideological space KW - colonialcity KW - socialist city KW - space of terror Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200526-41731 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Işık, Ercan A1 - Büyüksaraç, Aydın A1 - Levent Ekinci, Yunus A1 - Aydın, Mehmet Cihan A1 - Harirchian, Ehsan T1 - The Effect of Site-Specific Design Spectrum on Earthquake-Building Parameters: A Case Study from the Marmara Region (NW Turkey) JF - Applied Sciences N2 - The Marmara Region (NW Turkey) has experienced significant earthquakes (M > 7.0) to date. A destructive earthquake is also expected in the region. To determine the effect of the specific design spectrum, eleven provinces located in the region were chosen according to the Turkey Earthquake Building Code updated in 2019. Additionally, the differences between the previous and updated regulations of the country were investigated. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) were obtained for each province by using earthquake ground motion levels with 2%, 10%, 50%, and 68% probability of exceedance in 50-year periods. The PGA values in the region range from 0.16 to 0.7 g for earthquakes with a return period of 475 years. For each province, a sample of a reinforced-concrete building having two different numbers of stories with the same ground and structural characteristics was chosen. Static adaptive pushover analyses were performed for the sample reinforced-concrete building using each province’s design spectrum. The variations in the earthquake and structural parameters were investigated according to different geographical locations. It was determined that the site-specific design spectrum significantly influences target displacements for performance-based assessments of buildings due to seismicity characteristics of the studied geographic location. KW - Erdbeben KW - earthquake KW - site-specific spectrum KW - Marmara Region KW - seismic hazard analysis KW - adaptive pushover KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201022-42758 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/20/7247 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 10, issue 20, article 7247 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bonhag-De Rosa, Katharina A1 - Boettger, Till A1 - Gynz-Rekowski, Christoph von T1 - The "Stapelhaus": Experimental building project on the campus of the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar N2 - The project is a cooperation between the bauhaus.ifex and MFPA Weimar and is intended to develop step by step as an experimental student village. Special focus is given to sustainability and construction using different building materials. For the construction of the first room module, CemCel was chosen as a new, lightweight and fibre-based building material. KW - Architecture KW - cellulose KW - stacking system KW - papercrete KW - studies in 1:1 scale KW - monolithic KW - cement Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200325-41139 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kavrakov, Igor T1 - Synergistic Framework for Analysis and Model Assessment in Bridge Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity N2 - Wind-induced vibrations often represent a major design criterion for long-span bridges. This work deals with the assessment and development of models for aerodynamic and aeroelastic analyses of long-span bridges. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and semi-analytical aerodynamic models are employed to compute the bridge response due to both turbulent and laminar free-stream. For the assessment of these models, a comparative methodology is developed that consists of two steps, a qualitative and a quantitative one. The first, qualitative, step involves an extension of an existing approach based on Category Theory and its application to the field of bridge aerodynamics. Initially, the approach is extended to consider model comparability and completeness. Then, the complexity of the CFD and twelve semi-analytical models are evaluated based on their mathematical constructions, yielding a diagrammatic representation of model quality. In the second, quantitative, step of the comparative methodology, the discrepancy of a system response quantity for time-dependent aerodynamic models is quantified using comparison metrics for time-histories. Nine metrics are established on a uniform basis to quantify the discrepancies in local and global signal features that are of interest in bridge aerodynamics. These signal features involve quantities such as phase, time-varying frequency and magnitude content, probability density, non-stationarity, and nonlinearity. The two-dimensional (2D) Vortex Particle Method is used for the discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations including a Pseudo-three dimensional (Pseudo-3D) extension within an existing CFD solver. The Pseudo-3D Vortex Method considers the 3D structural behavior for aeroelastic analyses by positioning 2D fluid strips along a line-like structure. A novel turbulent Pseudo-3D Vortex Method is developed by combining the laminar Pseudo-3D VPM and a previously developed 2D method for the generation of free-stream turbulence. Using analytical derivations, it is shown that the fluid velocity correlation is maintained between the CFD strips. Furthermore, a new method is presented for the determination of the complex aerodynamic admittance under deterministic sinusoidal gusts using the Vortex Particle Method. The sinusoidal gusts are simulated by modeling the wakes of flapping airfoils in the CFD domain with inflow vortex particles. Positioning a section downstream yields sinusoidal forces that are used for determining all six components of the complex aerodynamic admittance. A closed-form analytical relation is derived, based on an existing analytical model. With this relation, the inflow particles’ strength can be related with the target gust amplitudes a priori. The developed methodologies are combined in a synergistic framework, which is applied to both fundamental examples and practical case studies. Where possible, the results are verified and validated. The outcome of this work is intended to shed some light on the complex wind–bridge interaction and suggest appropriate modeling strategies for an enhanced design. T3 - Schriftenreihe des DFG Graduiertenkollegs 1462 Modellqualitäten // Graduiertenkolleg Modellqualitäten - 21 KW - Brücke KW - Bridge KW - Computational Fluid Dynamics KW - Aerodynamics KW - Aeroelasticity KW - Category Theory KW - Aerodynamik KW - Aeroelastizität Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200316-41099 UR - https://asw-verlage.de/katalog/?id=2255 SN - 978-3-95773-284-2 PB - Bauhaus-Universitätsverlag CY - Weimar ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Artus, Mathias A1 - Koch, Christian T1 - State of the art in damage information modeling for RC bridges – A literature review JF - Advanced Engineering Informatics N2 - In Germany, bridges have an average age of 40 years. A bridge consumes between 0.4% and 2% of its construction cost per year over its entire life cycle. This means that up to 80% of the construction cost are additionally needed for operation, inspection, maintenance, and destruction. Current practices rely either on paperbased inspections or on abstract specialist software. Every application in the inspection and maintenance sector uses its own data model for structures, inspections, defects, and maintenance. Due to this, data and properties have to be transferred manually, otherwise a converter is necessary for every data exchange between two applications. To overcome this issue, an adequate model standard for inspections, damage, and maintenance is necessary. Modern 3D models may serve as a single source of truth, which has been suggested in the Building Information Modeling (BIM) concept. Further, these models offer a clear visualization of the built infrastructure, and improve not only the planning and construction phases, but also the operation phase of construction projects. BIM is established mostly in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector to plan and construct new buildings. Currently, BIM does not cover the whole life cycle of a building, especially not inspection and maintenance. Creating damage models needs the building model first, because a defect is dependent on the building component, its properties and material. Hence, a building information model is necessary to obtain meaningful conclusions from damage information. This paper analyzes the requirements, which arise from practice, and the research that has been done in modeling damage and related information for bridges. With a look at damage categories and use cases related to inspection and maintenance, scientific literature is discussed and synthesized. Finally, research gaps and needs are identified and discussed. KW - Building Information Modeling KW - Brücke KW - Inspektion KW - Literaturrecherche KW - Datenmodell Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220506-46390 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1474034620301427?via%3Dihub VL - 2020 IS - volume 46, article 101171 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dehghani, Majid A1 - Salehi, Somayeh A1 - Mosavi, Amir A1 - Nabipour, Narjes A1 - Shamshirband, Shahaboddin A1 - Ghamisi, Pedram T1 - Spatial Analysis of Seasonal Precipitation over Iran: Co-Variation with Climate Indices JF - ISPRS, International Journal of Geo-Information N2 - Temporary changes in precipitation may lead to sustained and severe drought or massive floods in different parts of the world. Knowing the variation in precipitation can effectively help the water resources decision-makers in water resources management. Large-scale circulation drivers have a considerable impact on precipitation in different parts of the world. In this research, the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on seasonal precipitation over Iran was investigated. For this purpose, 103 synoptic stations with at least 30 years of data were utilized. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the indices in the previous 12 months with seasonal precipitation was calculated, and the meaningful correlations were extracted. Then, the month in which each of these indices has the highest correlation with seasonal precipitation was determined. Finally, the overall amount of increase or decrease in seasonal precipitation due to each of these indices was calculated. Results indicate the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), NAO, and PDO have the most impact on seasonal precipitation, respectively. Additionally, these indices have the highest impact on the precipitation in winter, autumn, spring, and summer, respectively. SOI has a diverse impact on winter precipitation compared to the PDO and NAO, while in the other seasons, each index has its special impact on seasonal precipitation. Generally, all indices in different phases may decrease the seasonal precipitation up to 100%. However, the seasonal precipitation may increase more than 100% in different seasons due to the impact of these indices. The results of this study can be used effectively in water resources management and especially in dam operation. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Machine learning KW - spatiotemporal database KW - spatial analysis KW - seasonal precipitation KW - spearman correlation coefficient Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200128-40740 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/2/73 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 9, Issue 2, 73 PB - MDPI ER - TY - THES A1 - Chan, Chiu Ling T1 - Smooth representation of thin shells and volume structures for isogeometric analysis N2 - The purpose of this study is to develop self-contained methods for obtaining smooth meshes which are compatible with isogeometric analysis (IGA). The study contains three main parts. We start by developing a better understanding of shapes and splines through the study of an image-related problem. Then we proceed towards obtaining smooth volumetric meshes of the given voxel-based images. Finally, we treat the smoothness issue on the multi-patch domains with C1 coupling. Following are the highlights of each part. First, we present a B-spline convolution method for boundary representation of voxel-based images. We adopt the filtering technique to compute the B-spline coefficients and gradients of the images effectively. We then implement the B-spline convolution for developing a non-rigid images registration method. The proposed method is in some sense of “isoparametric”, for which all the computation is done within the B-splines framework. Particularly, updating the images by using B-spline composition promote smooth transformation map between the images. We show the possible medical applications of our method by applying it for registration of brain images. Secondly, we develop a self-contained volumetric parametrization method based on the B-splines boundary representation. We aim to convert a given voxel-based data to a matching C1 representation with hierarchical cubic splines. The concept of the osculating circle is employed to enhance the geometric approximation, where it is done by a single template and linear transformations (scaling, translations, and rotations) without the need for solving an optimization problem. Moreover, we use the Laplacian smoothing and refinement techniques to avoid irregular meshes and to improve mesh quality. We show with several examples that the method is capable of handling complex 2D and 3D configurations. In particular, we parametrize the 3D Stanford bunny which contains irregular shapes and voids. Finally, we propose the B´ezier ordinates approach and splines approach for C1 coupling. In the first approach, the new basis functions are defined in terms of the B´ezier Bernstein polynomials. For the second approach, the new basis is defined as a linear combination of C0 basis functions. The methods are not limited to planar or bilinear mappings. They allow the modeling of solutions to fourth order partial differential equations (PDEs) on complex geometric domains, provided that the given patches are G1 continuous. Both methods have their advantages. In particular, the B´ezier approach offer more degree of freedoms, while the spline approach is more computationally efficient. In addition, we proposed partial degree elevation to overcome the C1-locking issue caused by the over constraining of the solution space. We demonstrate the potential of the resulting C1 basis functions for application in IGA which involve fourth order PDEs such as those appearing in Kirchhoff-Love shell models, Cahn-Hilliard phase field application, and biharmonic problems. T3 - ISM-Bericht // Institut für Strukturmechanik, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar - 2020,2 KW - Modellierung KW - Isogeometrische Analyse KW - NURBS KW - Geometric Modeling KW - Isogeometric Analysis KW - NURBS Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200812-42083 ER - TY - THES A1 - Maciel Costa da Silva, Luiza T1 - Smart Cities and Mobility Stations: Lessons learned from the Smarter Together in Vienna and Munich N2 - With an increasing urban population and urban problems arising from this unplanned growth, several projects aimed at promoting sustainable urban development have emerged. Smart mobility strategies, such as shared mobility and mobility stations, represent some of the solutions to promote changes in travel behavior. Despite its beneficial impacts, however, the implementation of such infrastructure is criticized for not contributing to current urban issues, as well as often disregarding knowledge about urban space and its functioning. In this context, the Smarter Together, a joint research and innovation project funded through the European Union program H2020, was implemented. The project selected three lighthouse cities to test and upscale innovative solutions: Vienna, Munich, and Lyon. This master thesis presents the main characteristics of the mobility stations systems implemented in Vienna and Munich in the scope of the project Smarter Together. Its main goal is to share what can be learned from their experiences while approaching critically the concept of smart cities. This master thesis identifies important aspects to take into account when planning, implementing, and operating mobility stations, and provides an understanding of smart cities and smart mobility that goes beyond the adoption of technology. Several methods were combined for the development of this master thesis, such as quantitative secondary data, observational studies, application of survey forms, explorative expert interviews, and literature review. This work has demonstrated that the Smarter Together has a cutting-edge scope and contributed greatly to research and innovation, by creating living laboratories to test the application of technology in the urban environment. However, from the perspective of the mobility stations assessment, many caveats were made. In short, many lessons could be learned and are presented throughout this work aiming at contributing to the improvement of the mobility stations implemented in the project areas in Munich and Vienna, as well as for inspiring other cities in Europe and worldwide. KW - Intelligente Stadt KW - mobility stations KW - mobility points KW - smart cities KW - smart mobility KW - Smarter Together KW - Soziale Mobilität Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201012-42702 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ansari, Meisam T1 - Simulation methods for functional and microstructured composite materials T1 - Simulationsmethoden für funktionalisierte und mikrostrukturierte Verbundwerkstoffe N2 - In this thesis, a generic model for the post-failure behavior of concrete in tension is proposed. A mesoscale model of concrete representing the heterogeneous nature of concrete is formulated. The mesoscale model is composed of three phases: aggregate, mortar matrix, and the Interfacial Transition Zone between them. Both local and non-local formulations of the damage are implemented and the results are compared. Three homogenization schemes from the literature are employed to obtain the homogenized constitutive relationship for the macroscale model. Three groups of numerical examples are provided. N2 - In dieser Arbeit wird ein generisches Modell für das nichtlineare Materialverhalten des Betons unter Spannung vorgeschlagen. Ein Mesoskalenmodell wird aufgebildet, welches die heterogene Materialstruktur des Betons darstellt. Das Mesoskalenmodell besteht aus drei Phasen: groben Zuschlägen, Mörtelmatrix und Übergangszone zwischen Zuschlag und Matrix. Es werden sowohl die lokale als auch die nichtlokale Formulierung des Schädigungsgrades implementiert und die Ergebnisse verglichen. Drei Homogenisierungsmethoden aus der Literatur werden verwendet, um die homogenisierte konstitutive Beziehung für das Makroskalenmodell zu erhalten. Drei Gruppen von numerischen Beispielen werden angeführt. KW - Simulation KW - Verbundwerkstoff KW - Beton KW - Meso-Scale KW - Composite KW - Concrete Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201103-42783 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nabipour, Narjes A1 - Dehghani, Majid A1 - Mosavi, Amir A1 - Shamshirband, Shahaboddin T1 - Short-Term Hydrological Drought Forecasting Based on Different Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms Hybridized With Artificial Neural Networks JF - IEEE Access N2 - Hydrological drought forecasting plays a substantial role in water resources management. Hydrological drought highly affects the water allocation and hydropower generation. In this research, short term hydrological drought forecasted based on the hybridized of novel nature-inspired optimization algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). For this purpose, the Standardized Hydrological Drought Index (SHDI) and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were calculated in one, three, and six aggregated months. Then, three states where proposed for SHDI forecasting, and 36 input-output combinations were extracted based on the cross-correlation analysis. In the next step, newly proposed optimization algorithms, including Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), Salp Swarm algorithm (SSA), Biogeography-based optimization (BBO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) hybridized with the ANN were utilized for SHDI forecasting and the results compared to the conventional ANN. Results indicated that the hybridized model outperformed compared to the conventional ANN. PSO performed better than the other optimization algorithms. The best models forecasted SHDI1 with R2 = 0.68 and RMSE = 0.58, SHDI3 with R 2 = 0.81 and RMSE = 0.45 and SHDI6 with R 2 = 0.82 and RMSE = 0.40. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Machine learning KW - Deep learning KW - Hydrological drought KW - precipitation KW - hydrology Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200213-40796 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8951168 VL - 2020 IS - volume 8 SP - 15210 EP - 15222 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JFULL ED - Engell, Lorenz ED - Siegert, Bernhard T1 - Schwerpunkt Schalten und Walten N2 - What you are about to read is the very last issue of the ZMK. Since our overall research enterprise, the IKKM, has to cease all of its activities due to the end of its twelve years’ funding by the German federal government, the ZMK will also come to an end. Its last topic, Schalten und Walten has also been the subject of the concluding biannual conference of the IKKM, and we hope it will be a fitting topic to resume the research of the IKKM on Operative Ontologies. Although this final issue is in English, we decided to leave its title in German: Schalten und Walten. As it is the case for the name of the IKKM, (Internationales Kolleg für Kulturtechnikforschung und Medienphilosophie), the term seems untranslatable to us, not only for the poetic reason of the rhyming sound of the words. Switching and Ruling might be accepted as English versions, but quite an unbridgeable difference remains. In German, Schalten und Walten is a rather common and quite widespread idiom that can be found in everyday life. Whoever, the idiom stipulates, is able to execute Schalten und Walten has the power to act, has freedom of decision and power of disposition. Although both terms are mentioned together and belong together in the German expression Schalten und Walten, they are nevertheless complements to each other. They both refer to the exercise and existence of domination, disposal or power, but they nonetheless designate two quite different modes of being. Schalten is not so much sheer command over something, but government or management. It is linked to control, intervention and change, in short: it is operative and goes along with distinctive measures and cause-and-effect relations. The English equivalent switching reflects this more or less adequately. KW - Medienwissenschaft KW - Kulturwissenschaft Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20240507-48644 SN - 2366-0767 N1 - Lizenz CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 VL - 2020 IS - 11.2020 PB - Felix Meiner Verlag CY - Hamburg ER - TY - THES A1 - Markert, Michael T1 - Räumliche Navigation durch richtungsgebundene Stereofonie N2 - Die Verbreitung mobiler Smartphones und besonders deren allgegenwärtige Lokalisierungstechnologien verändern das Navigationsverhalten im Raum nachhaltig. Parallel zur schnell voranschreitenden Entwicklung alltäglicher Geräte, die mitgeführt werden, setzt der Übergang der bereits länger dauernden Entwicklung von Virtual-Reality-Technik in eine erweiterte und augmentierte Mixed Reality ein. In diesem Spannungsfeld untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit, inwieweit richtungsgebundene und binaural wiedergegebene Stereofonie die menschliche Bewegung im Raum beeinflussen kann und versucht zu erörtern, welche Potenziale in der Wiederentdeckung einer relativ lange bekannten Technik liegen. Der Autor hat im Rahmen dieser Arbeit eine binaurale mobile Applikation für richtungsgebundene Stereofonie entwickelt, mit der virtuelle bewegte oder statische Audio-Hotspots im Raum platziert werden können. So kann links, rechts oder 30 Meter vor einer Person ein virtueller oder tatsächlicher Klang im Raum verortet sein. Durch die in Echtzeit berechnete binaurale Wiedergabe der Klangquellen mit einem Stereo-Kopfhörer können diese räumlich verorteten Klänge mit zwei Ohren dreidimensional wahrgenommen werden, ähnlich dem räumlichen Sehen mit zwei Augen. Durch den Einsatz mehrerer lokalisierter Klangquellen als Soundscape entsteht eine augmentierte auditive Realität, die die physische Realität erweitert. Die Position und Navigation des Nutzers wird durch binaurale Lautstärkenmodulation (die Lautstärke nimmt bei abnehmender Distanz zur Quelle zu) und Stereopanning mit Laufzeitmodulation (die Richtung wird über ein Stereosignal auf beiden Ohren räumlich links-rechts-vorne verortet) interaktiv und kybernetisch beeinflusst. Die Nutzer navigieren — durch ihr Interesse an den hörbaren virtuellen Klangquellen geleitet — durch einen dynamisch erzeugten, dreidimensionalen akustischen Raum, der gleichzeitig ein virtueller und kybernetischer Raum ist, da die Repräsentation der Klänge an die Bewegung und Ausrichtung der Nutzer im Raum angepasst wird. Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob die Bewegung von Menschen durch (virtuelle) Klänge beeinflusst werden kann und wie groß oder messbar dieser Einfluss ist. Dabei können nicht alle künstlerischen, architektonischen und philosophischen Fragen im Rahmen der vorliegenden Schrift erörtert werden, obwohl sie dennoch als raumtheoretische Fragestellung von Interesse sind. Hauptgegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt in der Erforschung, ob richtungsgebundene Stereofonie einen relevanten Beitrag zur menschlichen Navigation, hauptsächlich zu Fuß, in urbanen Gebieten — vorwiegend im Außenraum — leisten kann. Der erste Teil gliedert sich in »Raum und Klang«, es werden raumtheoretische Überlegungen zur menschlichen Bewegung im Raum, Raumvorstellungen, räumliche Klänge und Klangwahrnehmung sowie die Entwicklung stereofoner Apparaturen und Aspekte der Augmented Audio Reality besprochen. Im zweiten Teil werden drei Demonstratoren als Anwendungsszenarien und drei Evaluierungen im Außenraum vorgestellt. Die Tests untersuchen, ob sich das Verfahren zur Navigation für Fußgänger eignet und inwieweit eine Einflussnahme auf das Bewegungsverhalten von Nutzern getroffen werden kann. Die Auswertungen der Tests zeigen, dass sich stereofone Klänge grundsätzlich als Navigationssystem eignen, da eine große Mehrzahl der Teilnehmer die akustisch markierten Ziele leicht gefunden hat. Ebenso zeigt sich ein klarer Einfluss auf die Bewegungsmuster, allerdings ist dieser abhängig von individuellen Interessen und Vorlieben. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen im Kontext der vorgestellten Theorien diskutiert und die Potenziale stereofoner Anwendungen in einem Ausblick behandelt. Bei der Gestaltung, Erzeugung und Anwendung mobiler Systeme sind unterschiedliche mentale und räumliche Modelle und Vorstellungen der Entwickler und Anwender zu beachten. Da eine umfassende transdisziplinäre Betrachtung klare Begrifflichkeiten erfordert, werden Argumente für ein raumtheoretisches Vokabular diskutiert. Diese sind für einen gestalterischen Einsatz von richtungsgebundener Stereofonie — besonders im Kontext mobiler Navigation durch akustisch augmentierte Räume — äußerst relevant. KW - Raum KW - Stereophonie KW - Raumklang KW - Erweiterte Realität KW - Kybernetik KW - Stereofonie KW - Augmented Audio Reality KW - Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion KW - Navigation KW - Localised Sound KW - Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201214-43038 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Egert, Gerko T1 - Radikale Planung T2 - Experimente lernen, techniken tauschen. Ein spekulatives Handbuch N2 - Radikal Planen kann jede*r. Im Seminar, in der Lesegruppe, bei der Probe, im Studio, bei der politischen Aktion, bei der Textlektüre. Man braucht nicht viel – nur viele. Denn planen macht man nicht allein. Eine Gruppe sind viele, Kommilitonen*innen wie Freund*innen, Künstler*innen und Genoss*innen… KW - Theater KW - Planung KW - Künstlerische Forschung KW - Undercommons Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201009-42628 UR - https://nocturne-plattform.de/text/radikale-planung SP - 105 EP - 118 PB - Nocturne CY - Berlin/Weimar ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gena, Amayu Wakoya A1 - Völker, Conrad A1 - Settles, Gary T1 - Qualitative and quantitative schlieren optical measurement of the human thermal plume JF - Indoor Air N2 - A new large‐field, high‐sensitivity, single‐mirror coincident schlieren optical instrument has been installed at the Bauhaus‐Universität Weimar for the purpose of indoor air research. Its performance is assessed by the non‐intrusive measurement of the thermal plume of a heated manikin. The schlieren system produces excellent qualitative images of the manikin's thermal plume and also quantitative data, especially schlieren velocimetry of the plume's velocity field that is derived from the digital cross‐correlation analysis of a large time sequence of schlieren images. The quantitative results are compared with thermistor and hot‐wire anemometer data obtained at discrete points in the plume. Good agreement is obtained, once the differences between path‐averaged schlieren data and planar anemometry data are reconciled. KW - Raumklima KW - Behaglichkeit KW - Digital image correlation KW - human thermal plume KW - schlieren imaging KW - schlieren velocimetry KW - thermal comfort KW - Schlierenspiegel Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200709-41936 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ina.12674 VL - 2020 IS - volume 30, issue 4 SP - 757 EP - 766 PB - John Wiley & Sons ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eckert, Lena A1 - Linke, Maja T1 - Präludium zur Öffnung von Denkräumen – Kritische Lehre / Künstlerisches Forschen T2 - Experimente lernen, Techniken tauschen. Ein spekulatives Handbuch N2 - Schreibwalzer GeradekanonischeTexteumgibteine Aura der Unantastbarkeit und es scheint, als bräuchte man eine gewisse Art der Legitimation, sich diesen auch kritisch anzunähern oder mit eigenen Gedanken auf eine Stufe zu stellen. Im Präludium tasten wir uns phy- sisch mit Schere, Bleistift, Klebestift an diese Schwer- gewichte heran und darüber hinaus; mit Respekt, doch ohne Einschüchterung. KW - Künstlerische Forschung KW - Schreiben Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201008-42699 UR - https://nocturne-plattform.de/text/praludium-zur-offnung-von-denkraumen SP - 335 EP - 351 PB - Nocturne CY - Berlin und Weimar ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mousavi, Seyed Nasrollah A1 - Steinke Júnior, Renato A1 - Teixeira, Eder Daniel A1 - Bocchiola, Daniele A1 - Nabipour, Narjes A1 - Mosavi, Amir A1 - Shamshirband, Shahaboddin T1 - Predictive Modeling the Free Hydraulic Jumps Pressure through Advanced Statistical Methods JF - Mathematics N2 - Pressure fluctuations beneath hydraulic jumps potentially endanger the stability of stilling basins. This paper deals with the mathematical modeling of the results of laboratory-scale experiments to estimate the extreme pressures. Experiments were carried out on a smooth stilling basin underneath free hydraulic jumps downstream of an Ogee spillway. From the probability distribution of measured instantaneous pressures, pressures with different probabilities could be determined. It was verified that maximum pressure fluctuations, and the negative pressures, are located at the positions near the spillway toe. Also, minimum pressure fluctuations are located at the downstream of hydraulic jumps. It was possible to assess the cumulative curves of pressure data related to the characteristic points along the basin, and different Froude numbers. To benchmark the results, the dimensionless forms of statistical parameters include mean pressures (P*m), the standard deviations of pressure fluctuations (σ*X), pressures with different non-exceedance probabilities (P*k%), and the statistical coefficient of the probability distribution (Nk%) were assessed. It was found that an existing method can be used to interpret the present data, and pressure distribution in similar conditions, by using a new second-order fractional relationships for σ*X, and Nk%. The values of the Nk% coefficient indicated a single mean value for each probability. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Machine learning KW - mathematical modeling KW - extreme pressure KW - hydraulic jump KW - stilling basin KW - standard deviation of pressure fluctuations KW - statistical coeffcient of the probability distribution Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200402-41140 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/8/3/323 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 8, Issue 3, 323 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sadeghzadeh, Milad A1 - Maddah, Heydar A1 - Ahmadi, Mohammad Hossein A1 - Khadang, Amirhosein A1 - Ghazvini, Mahyar A1 - Mosavi, Amir Hosein A1 - Nabipour, Narjes T1 - Prediction of Thermo-Physical Properties of TiO2-Al2O3/Water Nanoparticles by Using Artificial Neural Network JF - Nanomaterials N2 - In this paper, an artificial neural network is implemented for the sake of predicting the thermal conductivity ratio of TiO2-Al2O3/water nanofluid. TiO2-Al2O3/water in the role of an innovative type of nanofluid was synthesized by the sol–gel method. The results indicated that 1.5 vol.% of nanofluids enhanced the thermal conductivity by up to 25%. It was shown that the heat transfer coefficient was linearly augmented with increasing nanoparticle concentration, but its variation with temperature was nonlinear. It should be noted that the increase in concentration may cause the particles to agglomerate, and then the thermal conductivity is reduced. The increase in temperature also increases the thermal conductivity, due to an increase in the Brownian motion and collision of particles. In this research, for the sake of predicting the thermal conductivity of TiO2-Al2O3/water nanofluid based on volumetric concentration and temperature functions, an artificial neural network is implemented. In this way, for predicting thermal conductivity, SOM (self-organizing map) and BP-LM (Back Propagation-Levenberq-Marquardt) algorithms were used. Based on the results obtained, these algorithms can be considered as an exceptional tool for predicting thermal conductivity. Additionally, the correlation coefficient values were equal to 0.938 and 0.98 when implementing the SOM and BP-LM algorithms, respectively, which is highly acceptable. View Full-Text KW - Wärmeleitfähigkeit KW - Fluid KW - Neuronales Netz KW - Thermal conductivity KW - Nanofluid KW - Artificial neural network Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200421-41308 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/4/697 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 10, Issue 4, 697 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shamshirband, Shahaboddin A1 - Babanezhad, Meisam A1 - Mosavi, Amir A1 - Nabipour, Narjes A1 - Hajnal, Eva A1 - Nadai, Laszlo A1 - Chau, Kwok-Wing T1 - Prediction of flow characteristics in the bubble column reactor by the artificial pheromone-based communication of biological ants JF - Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics N2 - A novel combination of the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO)and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data is proposed for modeling the multiphase chemical reactors. The proposed intelligent model presents a probabilistic computational strategy for predicting various levels of three-dimensional bubble column reactor (BCR) flow. The results prove an enhanced communication between ant colony prediction and CFD data in different sections of the BCR. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Machine learning KW - Bubble column reactor KW - ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) KW - flow pattern KW - computational fluid dynamics (CFD) KW - big data KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200227-41013 UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19942060.2020.1715842 VL - 2020 IS - volume 14, issue 1 SP - 367 EP - 378 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - INPR A1 - Abbas, Tajammal A1 - Kavrakov, Igor A1 - Morgenthal, Guido A1 - Lahmer, Tom T1 - Prediction of aeroelastic response of bridge decks using artificial neural networks N2 - The assessment of wind-induced vibrations is considered vital for the design of long-span bridges. The aim of this research is to develop a methodological framework for robust and efficient prediction strategies for complex aerodynamic phenomena using hybrid models that employ numerical analyses as well as meta-models. Here, an approach to predict motion-induced aerodynamic forces is developed using artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN is implemented in the classical formulation and trained with a comprehensive dataset which is obtained from computational fluid dynamics forced vibration simulations. The input to the ANN is the response time histories of a bridge section, whereas the output is the motion-induced forces. The developed ANN has been tested for training and test data of different cross section geometries which provide promising predictions. The prediction is also performed for an ambient response input with multiple frequencies. Moreover, the trained ANN for aerodynamic forcing is coupled with the structural model to perform fully-coupled fluid--structure interaction analysis to determine the aeroelastic instability limit. The sensitivity of the ANN parameters to the model prediction quality and the efficiency has also been highlighted. The proposed methodology has wide application in the analysis and design of long-span bridges. KW - Aerodynamik KW - Artificial neural network KW - Ingenieurwissenschaften KW - Bridge KW - Bridge aerodynamics KW - Aerodynamic derivatives KW - Motion-induced forces KW - Bridges Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200225-40974 N1 - This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045794920300018?via%3Dihub, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2020.106198 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buschow, Christopher T1 - Practice-driven journalism research: Impulses for a dynamic understanding of journalism in the context of its reorganization JF - Studies in Communication Sciences N2 - This paper proposes a practice-theoretical journalism research approach for an alternate and innovative perspective of digital journalism’s current empirical challenges. The practice-theoretical approach is introduced by demonstrating its explanatory power in relation to demarcation problems, technological changes, economic challenges and challenges to journalism’s legitimacy. Its respective advantages in dealing with these problems are explained and then compared to established journalism theories. The particular relevance of the theoretical perspective is due to (1) its central decision to observe journalistic practices, (2) the transgression of conventional journalistic boundaries, (3) the denaturalization of journalistic norms and laws, (4) the explicit consideration of a material, socio-technical dimension of journalism, (5) a focus on the conflicting relationship between journalistic practices and media management practices, and (6) prioritizing order generation over stability. KW - Journalismus KW - journalism KW - journalism theories KW - practice theory KW - theory development KW - digitization Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200819-42162 UR - https://www.hope.uzh.ch/scoms/article/view/j.scoms.2020.02.006 VL - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 15 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Brokow-Loga, Anton ED - Eckardt, Frank T1 - Postwachstumsstadt. Konturen einer solidarischen Stadtpolitik N2 - Städte ohne Wachstum - eine bislang kaum vorstellbare Vision. Doch Klimawandel, Ressourcenverschwendung, wachsende soziale Ungleichheiten und viele andere Zukunftsgefahren stellen das bisherige Allheilmittel Wachstum grundsätzlich infrage. Wie wollen wir heute und morgen zusammenleben? Wie gestalten wir ein gutes Leben für alle in der Stadt? Während in einzelnen Nischen diese Fragen bereits ansatzweise beantwortet werden, fehlt es noch immer an umfassenden Entwürfen und Transformationsansätzen, die eine fundamental andere, solidarische Stadt konturieren. Diesen Versuch wagt das Projekt Postwachstumsstadt. In diesem Buch werden konzeptionelle und pragmatische Aspekte aus verschiedenen Bereichen der Stadtpolitik zusammengebracht, die neue Pfade aufzeigen und verknüpfen. Die Beiträge diskutieren städtische Wachstumskrisen, transformative Planung und Konflikte um Gestaltungsmacht. Nicht zuletzt wird dabei auch die Frage nach der Rolle von Stadtutopien neu gestellt. Dadurch soll eine längst fällige Debatte darüber angestoßen werden, wie sich notwendige städtische Wenden durch eine sozialökologische Neuorientierung vor Ort verwirklichen lassen. KW - Architektur KW - Stadtentwicklung KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Postwachstumsökonomie KW - Biodiversität KW - nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung KW - nachhaltige Regionalentwicklung KW - nachhaltige Verkehrspolitik KW - nachhaltige Wirtschaft KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200311-41061 UR - https://www.oekom.de/buch/postwachstumsstadt-9783962381998 SN - 978-3-96238-696-2 PB - oekom verlag CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alsaad, Hayder A1 - Völker, Conrad T1 - Performance evaluation of ductless personalized ventilation in comparison with desk fans using numerical simulations JF - Indoor Air N2 - The performance of ductless personalized ventilation (DPV) was compared to the performance of a typical desk fan since they are both stand-alone systems that allow the users to personalize their indoor environment. The two systems were evaluated using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an office room occupied by two users. To investigate the impact of DPV and the fan on the inhaled air quality, two types of contamination sources were modelled in the domain: an active source and a passive source. Additionally, the influence of the compared systems on thermal comfort was assessed using the coupling of CFD with the comfort model developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB model). Results indicated that DPV performed generally better than the desk fan. It provided better thermal comfort and showed a superior performance in removing the exhaled contaminants. However, the desk fan performed better in removing the contaminants emitted from a passive source near the floor level. This indicates that the performance of DPV and desk fans depends highly on the location of the contamination source. Moreover, the simulations showed that both systems increased the spread of exhaled contamination when used by the source occupant. KW - Behaglichkeit KW - Raumklima KW - Strömungsmechanik KW - Fluid KW - computational fluid dynamics KW - desk fan KW - ductless personalized ventilation KW - IAQ KW - thermal comfort Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200422-41407 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ina.12672 VL - 2020 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd ER - TY - THES A1 - Wild, Lena T1 - Patient ländlicher Raum. Planungen und Fördermaßnahmen zur Sicherstellung der medizinischen Versorgung in Thüringen N2 - Die Sicherstellung der medizinischen Versorgung in der Bundesrepublik wird seit einigen Jahren verstärkt diskutiert. Besonders in ländliche Regionen ist die Gewährleistung einer bedarfsgerechten medizinischen Versorgung problematisch. Längst ist dies zu einem gesamtgesellschaftlichen Thema geworden. Die Bachelorarbeit von Lena Wild untersucht die Schnittstelle von räumlicher Planung und medizinischer Planung mit der Frage „Inwiefern leisten die derzeitigen Planungen und Förderprogramme einen positiven Beitrag zur Sicherstellung der medizinischen Versorgung im ländlichen Raum Thüringens?“ Neben einer Literatur- und Datenanalyse stehen Expert:inneninterviews mit verschiedenen kommunalen und medizinischen Akteur:innen aus ausgewählten Landkreisen in Thüringen im Fokus der Arbeit. Nach einer Einordnung der medizinischen Versorgung in den Kontext der räumlichen Planung wird eine Übersicht über das Gesundheitssystem der Bundesrepublik und die Besonderheiten in Ostdeutschland gegeben. Darauffolgend werden Instrumente zur Steuerung der medizinischen Versorgung genauer untersucht. Besonders die kassenärztliche Bedarfsplanung als zentrales Steuerungsinstrument und die Fördermöglichkeiten in Thüringen und deren Wirkungsweisen stehen dabei im Fokus. Im Weiteren wird auf ländliche Räume und deren Herausforderungen für die Sicherstellung der medizinischen Versorgung und die Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit der Akteur:innen eingegangen. Die Arbeit ist als Exkurs der Raumplanung in eine Fachplanung zu verstehen. Zwischen medizinischer Fachplanung und räumlicher Planung bestehen Wechselwirkungen. Das Kennen von Instrumenten und Wirkungsweisen der anderen Disziplin schafft dabei einen Mehrwert, um gemeinsame Ziele, wie die flächendeckende medizinische Versorgung und damit einhergehend eine nachhaltige räumliche Entwicklung, zu erreichen. T3 - IfEU.OPEN - 3 KW - Ländlicher Raum KW - Thüringen KW - Daseinsvorsorge KW - Hausarzt KW - Gleichwertigkeit der Lebensverhältnisse KW - Raumplanung KW - Raumordnung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210121-43400 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schönig, Barbara T1 - Paradigm Shifts in Social Housing After Welfare‐State Transformation : Learning from the German Experience JF - International Journal of Urban and Regional Research N2 - Welfare‐state transformation and entrepreneurial urban politics in Western welfare states since the late 1970s have yielded converging trends in the transformation of the dominant Fordist paradigm of social housing in terms of its societal function and institutional and spatial form. In this article I draw from a comparative case study on two cities in Germany to show that the resulting new paradigm is simultaneously shaped by the idiosyncrasies of the country's national housing regime and local housing policies. While German governments have successively limited the societal function of social housing as a legitimate instrument only for addressing exceptional housing crises, local policies on providing and organizing social housing within this framework display significant variation. However, planning and design principles dominating the spatial forms of social housing have been congruent. They may be interpreted as both an expression of the marginalization of social housing within the restructured welfare housing regime and a tool of its implementation according to the logics of entrepreneurial urban politics. KW - Deutschland KW - Sozialer Wohnungsbau KW - Wohnungspolitik KW - Social Housing KW - Welfare State KW - Housing Policy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200709-41966 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1468-2427.12914 VL - 2020 PB - John Wiley & Sons ER - TY - THES A1 - Freire, Kamai T1 - Panafricanism and African Revolution in Brazilian Music N2 - This research departs from the teachings of Kwame Ture on the difference between mobilization and organization in the panafricanist struggle to analyze then the use of Music within the anti-racist and anti-colonialist struggle in Brazil. KW - Saz KW - Pan-Africanism KW - Musik KW - Antikolonialismus KW - Antirassismus KW - African Revolution KW - Music KW - Brazilian Music KW - Musicology KW - Post-colonial studies KW - anti-racist KW - anti-colonialist Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210216-43536 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fröhlich, Jan T1 - On systematic approaches for interpreted information transfer of inspection data from bridge models to structural analysis N2 - In conjunction with the improved methods of monitoring damage and degradation processes, the interest in reliability assessment of reinforced concrete bridges is increasing in recent years. Automated imagebased inspections of the structural surface provide valuable data to extract quantitative information about deteriorations, such as crack patterns. However, the knowledge gain results from processing this information in a structural context, i.e. relating the damage artifacts to building components. This way, transformation to structural analysis is enabled. This approach sets two further requirements: availability of structural bridge information and a standardized storage for interoperability with subsequent analysis tools. Since the involved large datasets are only efficiently processed in an automated manner, the implementation of the complete workflow from damage and building data to structural analysis is targeted in this work. First, domain concepts are derived from the back-end tasks: structural analysis, damage modeling, and life-cycle assessment. The common interoperability format, the Industry Foundation Class (IFC), and processes in these domains are further assessed. The need for usercontrolled interpretation steps is identified and the developed prototype thus allows interaction at subsequent model stages. The latter has the advantage that interpretation steps can be individually separated into either a structural analysis or a damage information model or a combination of both. This approach to damage information processing from the perspective of structural analysis is then validated in different case studies. KW - Brückenbau KW - Strukturanalyse KW - Schadensanalyse KW - BIM KW - IFC KW - bridge inspection KW - damage information model KW - structural analysis KW - IFC KW - BIM Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200416-41310 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Band, Shahab S. A1 - Janizadeh, Saeid A1 - Chandra Pal, Subodh A1 - Saha, Asish A1 - Chakrabortty, Rabbin A1 - Shokri, Manouchehr A1 - Mosavi, Amir Hosein T1 - Novel Ensemble Approach of Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN) Model and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm for Prediction of Gully Erosion Susceptibility JF - Sensors N2 - This study aims to evaluate a new approach in modeling gully erosion susceptibility (GES) based on a deep learning neural network (DLNN) model and an ensemble particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with DLNN (PSO-DLNN), comparing these approaches with common artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) models in Shirahan watershed, Iran. For this purpose, 13 independent variables affecting GES in the study area, namely, altitude, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, drainage density, distance from a river, land use, soil, lithology, rainfall, stream power index (SPI), and topographic wetness index (TWI), were prepared. A total of 132 gully erosion locations were identified during field visits. To implement the proposed model, the dataset was divided into the two categories of training (70%) and testing (30%). The results indicate that the area under the curve (AUC) value from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) considering the testing datasets of PSO-DLNN is 0.89, which indicates superb accuracy. The rest of the models are associated with optimal accuracy and have similar results to the PSO-DLNN model; the AUC values from ROC of DLNN, SVM, and ANN for the testing datasets are 0.87, 0.85, and 0.84, respectively. The efficiency of the proposed model in terms of prediction of GES was increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that the DLNN model and its ensemble with the PSO algorithm can be used as a novel and practical method to predict gully erosion susceptibility, which can help planners and managers to manage and reduce the risk of this phenomenon. KW - Geoinformatik KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - gully erosion susceptibility KW - deep learning neural network KW - partical swarm optimization KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210122-43341 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/19/5609 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 20, issue 19, article 5609 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Salavati, Mohammad T1 - Multi-Scale Modeling of Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of 1D and 2D Nanomaterials, Application in Battery Energy Storage Systems N2 - Material properties play a critical role in durable products manufacturing. Estimation of the precise characteristics in different scales requires complex and expensive experimental measurements. Potentially, computational methods can provide a platform to determine the fundamental properties before the final experiment. Multi-scale computational modeling leads to the modeling of the various time, and length scales include nano, micro, meso, and macro scales. These scales can be modeled separately or in correlation with coarser scales. Depend on the interested scales modeling, the right selection of multi-scale methods leads to reliable results and affordable computational cost. The present dissertation deals with the problems in various length and time scales using computational methods include density functional theory (DFT), molecular mechanics (MM), molecular dynamics (MD), and finite element (FE) methods. Physical and chemical interactions in lower scales determine the coarser scale properties. Particles interaction modeling and exploring fundamental properties are significant challenges of computational science. Downscale modelings need more computational effort due to a large number of interacted atoms/particles. To deal with this problem and bring up a fine-scale (nano) as a coarse-scale (macro) problem, we extended an atomic-continuum framework. The discrete atomic models solve as a continuum problem using the computationally efficient FE method. MM or force field method based on a set of assumptions approximates a solution on the atomic scale. In this method, atoms and bonds model as a harmonic oscillator with a system of mass and springs. The negative gradient of the potential energy equal to the forces on each atom. In this way, each bond's total potential energy includes bonded, and non-bonded energies are simulated as equivalent structural strain energies. Finally, the chemical nature of the atomic bond is modeled as a piezoelectric beam element that solves by the FE method. Exploring novel materials with unique properties is a demand for various industrial applications. During the last decade, many two-dimensional (2D) materials have been synthesized and shown outstanding properties. Investigation of the probable defects during the formation/fabrication process and studying their strength under severe service life are the critical tasks to explore performance prospects. We studied various defects include nano crack, notch, and point vacancy (Stone-Wales defect) defects employing MD analysis. Classical MD has been used to simulate a considerable amount of molecules at micro-, and meso- scales. Pristine and defective nanosheet structures considered under the uniaxial tensile loading at various temperatures using open-source LAMMPS codes. The results were visualized with the open-source software of OVITO and VMD. Quantum based first principle calculations have been conducting at electronic scales and known as the most accurate Ab initio methods. However, they are computationally expensive to apply for large systems. We used density functional theory (DFT) to estimate the mechanical and electrochemical response of the 2D materials. Many-body Schrödinger's equation describes the motion and interactions of the solid-state particles. Solid describes as a system of positive nuclei and negative electrons, all electromagnetically interacting with each other, where the wave function theory describes the quantum state of the set of particles. However, dealing with the 3N coordinates of the electrons, nuclei, and N coordinates of the electrons spin components makes the governing equation unsolvable for just a few interacted atoms. Some assumptions and theories like Born Oppenheimer and Hartree-Fock mean-field and Hohenberg-Kohn theories are needed to treat with this equation. First, Born Oppenheimer approximation reduces it to the only electronic coordinates. Then Kohn and Sham, based on Hartree-Fock and Hohenberg-Kohn theories, assumed an equivalent fictitious non-interacting electrons system as an electron density functional such that their ground state energies are equal to a set of interacting electrons. Exchange-correlation energy functionals are responsible for satisfying the equivalency between both systems. The exact form of the exchange-correlation functional is not known. However, there are widely used methods to derive functionals like local density approximation (LDA), Generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and hybrid functionals (e.g., B3LYP). In our study, DFT performed using VASP codes within the GGA/PBE approximation, and visualization/post-processing of the results realized via open-source software of VESTA. The extensive DFT calculations are conducted 2D nanomaterials prospects as anode/cathode electrode materials for batteries. Metal-ion batteries' performance strongly depends on the design of novel electrode material. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have developed a remarkable interest in using as an electrode in battery cells due to their excellent properties. Desirable battery energy storage systems (BESS) must satisfy the high energy density, safe operation, and efficient production costs. Batteries have been using in electronic devices and provide a solution to the environmental issues and store the discontinuous energies generated from renewable wind or solar power plants. Therefore, exploring optimal electrode materials can improve storage capacity and charging/discharging rates, leading to the design of advanced batteries. Our results in multiple scales highlight not only the proposed and employed methods' efficiencies but also promising prospect of recently synthesized nanomaterials and their applications as an anode material. In this way, first, a novel approach developed for the modeling of the 1D nanotube as a continuum piezoelectric beam element. The results converged and matched closely with those from experiments and other more complex models. Then mechanical properties of nanosheets estimated and the failure mechanisms results provide a useful guide for further use in prospect applications. Our results indicated a comprehensive and useful vision concerning the mechanical properties of nanosheets with/without defects. Finally, mechanical and electrochemical properties of the several 2D nanomaterials are explored for the first time—their application performance as an anode material illustrates high potentials in manufacturing super-stretchable and ultrahigh-capacity battery energy storage systems (BESS). Our results exhibited better performance in comparison to the available commercial anode materials. KW - Batterie KW - Modellierung KW - Nanostrukturiertes Material KW - Mechanical properties KW - Multi-scale modeling KW - Energiespeichersystem KW - Elektrodenmaterial KW - Elektrode KW - Mechanische Eigenschaft KW - Elektrochemische Eigenschaft KW - Electrochemical properties KW - Battery development KW - Nanomaterial Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200623-41830 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hossein Nezhad Shirazi, Ali T1 - Multi-Scale Modeling of Lithium ion Batteries: a thermal management approach and molecular dynamic studies N2 - Rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) play a very significant role in power supply and storage. In recent decades, LIBs have caught tremendous attention in mobile communication, portable electronics, and electric vehicles. Furthermore, global warming has become a worldwide issue due to the ongoing production of greenhouse gases. It motivates solutions such as renewable sources of energy. Solar and wind energies are the most important ones in renewable energy sources. By technology progress, they will definitely require batteries to store the produced power to make a balance between power generation and consumption. Nowadays,rechargeable batteries such as LIBs are considered as one of the best solutions. They provide high specific energy and high rate performance while their rate of self-discharge is low. Performance of LIBs can be improved through the modification of battery characteristics. The size of solid particles in electrodes can impact the specific energy and the cyclability of batteries. It can improve the amount of lithium content in the electrode which is a vital parameter in capacity and capability of a battery. There exist diferent sources of heat generation in LIBs such as heat produced during electrochemical reactions, internal resistance in battery. The size of electrode's electroactive particles can directly affect the produced heat in battery. It will be shown that the smaller size of solid particle enhance the thermal characteristics of LIBs. Thermal issues such as overheating, temperature maldistribution in the battery, and thermal runaway have confined applications of LIBs. Such thermal challenges reduce the Life cycle of LIBs. As well, they may lead to dangerous conditions such as fire or even explosion in batteries. However, recent advances in fabrication of advanced materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes with extraordinary thermal conductivity and electrical properties propose new opportunities to enhance their performance. Since experimental works are expensive, our objective is to use computational methods to investigate the thermal issues in LIBS. Dissipation of the heat produced in the battery can improve the cyclability and specific capacity of LIBs. In real applications, packs of LIB consist several battery cells that are used as the power source. Therefore, it is worth to investigate thermal characteristic of battery packs under their cycles of charging/discharging operations at different applied current rates. To remove the produced heat in batteries, they can be surrounded by materials with high thermal conductivity. Parafin wax absorbs high energy since it has a high latent heat. Absorption high amounts of energy occurs at constant temperature without phase change. As well, thermal conductivity of parafin can be magnified with nano-materials such as graphene, CNT, and fullerene to form a nano-composite medium. Improving the thermal conductivity of LIBs increase the heat dissipation from batteries which is a vital issue in systems of battery thermal management. The application of two-dimensional (2D) materials has been on the rise since exfoliation the graphene from bulk graphite. 2D materials are single-layered in an order of nanosizes which show superior thermal, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties. They are potential candidates for energy storage and supply, particularly in lithium ion batteries as electrode material. The high thermal conductivity of graphene and graphene-like materials can play a significant role in thermal management of batteries. However, defects always exist in nano-materials since there is no ideal fabrication process. One of the most important defects in materials are nano-crack which can dramatically weaken the mechanical properties of the materials. Newly synthesized crystalline carbon nitride with the stoichiometry of C3N have attracted many attentions due to its extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties. The other nano-material is phagraphene which shows anisotropic mechanical characteristics which is ideal in production of nanocomposite. It shows ductile fracture behavior when subjected under uniaxial loadings. It is worth to investigate their thermo-mechanical properties in its pristine and defective states. We hope that the findings of our work not only be useful for both experimental and theoretical researches but also help to design advanced electrodes for LIBs. KW - Akkumulator KW - Battery KW - Batterie Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200214-40986 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Paul, Debus A1 - Rodehorst, Volker ED - Santos, Toledo T1 - Multi-Scale Flight Path Planning for UAS Building Inspection T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering N2 - Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) show large potential for the construction industry. Their use in condition assessment has increased significantly, due to technological and computational progress. UAS play a crucial role in developing a digital maintenance strategy for infrastructure, saving cost and effort, while increasing safety and reliability. Part of that strategy are automated visual UAS inspections of the building’s condition. The resulting images can automatically be analyzed to identify and localize damages to the structure that have to be monitored. Further interest in parts of a structure can arise from events like accidents or collisions. Areas of low interest exist, where low resolution monitoring is sufficient. From different requirements for resolution, different levels of detail can be derived. They require special image acquisition parameters that differ mainly in the distance between camera and structure. Areas with a higher level of detail require a smaller distance to the object, producing more images. This work proposes a multi-scale flight path planning procedure, enabling higher resolution requirements for areas of special interest, while reducing the number of required images to a minimum. Careful selection of the camera positions maintains the complete coverage of the structure, while achieving the required resolution in all areas. The result is an efficient UAS inspection, reducing effort for the maintenance of infrastructure. KW - Drohne KW - Monitoring KW - Drohne KW - Flight path planning KW - UAS Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201009-42053 UR - https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030512941 N1 - This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the article , presented at the 18th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCBE), Sao Paulo, Brazil, August 18-20, 2020. VL - 2020 PB - Springer ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Wellbrock, Christian-Mathias A1 - Buschow, Christopher T1 - Money for Nothing and Content for Free? N2 - Wie können journalistische Angebote nachhaltig finanziert werden? Dies bleibt die Kernfrage für Medienhäuser und journalistische Neugründungen bei der Entwicklung und beim Aufbau tragfähiger digitaler Geschäftsmodelle. Die Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes vermitteln einen breiten Überblick über den Wissensstand zum Thema Paid Content, Plattformen und Zahlungsbereitschaft im Journalismus und eröffnen innovative Blickwinkel auf neuartige Plattformmodelle ebenso wie auf Motive und Bedürfnisse der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer digitaljournalistischer Inhalte. Auf Grundlage empirischer Forschung werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die nutzerzentrierte Ausgestaltung von Paid-Content-Angeboten sowie neue Perspektiven auf Zahlungsbereitschaft im digitalen Journalismus erschlossen – relevant sowohl für die Wissenschaft wie auch für die Medienpraxis. KW - Digitaljournalismus KW - Geschäftsmodell KW - Zahlungsbereitschaft KW - Digitaler Journalismus KW - Paid Content KW - Plattformmodell KW - Zahlungsbereitschaft Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201001-42475 UR - https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/9783748907251/money-for-nothing-and-content-for-free SN - 978-3-7489-0725-1 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shabani, Sevda A1 - Samadianfard, Saeed A1 - Sattari, Mohammad Taghi A1 - Mosavi, Amir A1 - Shamshirband, Shahaboddin A1 - Kmet, Tibor A1 - Várkonyi-Kóczy, Annamária R. T1 - Modeling Pan Evaporation Using Gaussian Process Regression K-Nearest Neighbors Random Forest and Support Vector Machines; Comparative Analysis JF - Atmosphere N2 - Evaporation is a very important process; it is one of the most critical factors in agricultural, hydrological, and meteorological studies. Due to the interactions of multiple climatic factors, evaporation is considered as a complex and nonlinear phenomenon to model. Thus, machine learning methods have gained popularity in this realm. In the present study, four machine learning methods of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) were used to predict the pan evaporation (PE). Meteorological data including PE, temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (W), and sunny hours (S) collected from 2011 through 2017. The accuracy of the studied methods was determined using the statistical indices of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (R) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Furthermore, the Taylor charts utilized for evaluating the accuracy of the mentioned models. The results of this study showed that at Gonbad-e Kavus, Gorgan and Bandar Torkman stations, GPR with RMSE of 1.521 mm/day, 1.244 mm/day, and 1.254 mm/day, KNN with RMSE of 1.991 mm/day, 1.775 mm/day, and 1.577 mm/day, RF with RMSE of 1.614 mm/day, 1.337 mm/day, and 1.316 mm/day, and SVR with RMSE of 1.55 mm/day, 1.262 mm/day, and 1.275 mm/day had more appropriate performances in estimating PE values. It was found that GPR for Gonbad-e Kavus Station with input parameters of T, W and S and GPR for Gorgan and Bandar Torkmen stations with input parameters of T, RH, W and S had the most accurate predictions and were proposed for precise estimation of PE. The findings of the current study indicated that the PE values may be accurately estimated with few easily measured meteorological parameters. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Machine learning KW - Deep learning Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200110-40561 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/1/66 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 11, Issue 1, 66 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Vogel, Albert A1 - Völker, Conrad A1 - Bode, Matthias A1 - Marx, Steffen T1 - Messung und Simulation der Erwärmung von ermüdungsbeanspruchten Betonprobekörpern T2 - Bauphysik N2 - Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Messungen und Berechnungen vorgestellt, die die Temperaturentwicklung in Betonzylindern aufgrund zyklischer Beanspruchung genau beschreiben. Die Messungen wurden in einem Versuchsstand, die Berechnungen im FEM-Programm ANSYS durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe der Temperaturmessungen konnten die Simulationen für die Temperaturentwicklung der Betonzylinder mit der verwendeten Betonrezeptur validiert werden. Die Untersuchungen lassen den Schluss zu, dass bei zyklischer Probekörperbelastung und der einhergehenden Probekörperdehnung Energie dissipiert wird und diese maßgeblich für die Erwärmung der Probe verantwortlich ist. N2 - This paper presents measurements and simulations that describe the temperature development in concrete cylinders due to cyclic loading. The measurements were carried out in a test stand, the simulations in the FEM program ANSYS. The simulations of the temperature development in the concrete cylinders with the used concrete recipe were validated using the temperature measurements. The investigations lead to the conclusion that energy is dissipated during cyclic test specimen loading and the accompanying test specimen elongation and that this is mainly responsible for the heating of the specimen. KW - zyklische Beanspruchung KW - Ermüdung KW - Dissipation KW - zyklische Beanspruchung KW - Ermüdung KW - Dissipation KW - cyclic load KW - fatigue Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200425-41471 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bapi.201900031 N1 - This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: hhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bapi.201900031, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/bapi.201900031. VL - 2020 IS - Volume 42, Issue 2 SP - 86 EP - 93 PB - John Wiley and Sons ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schnurbein, Stefanie von T1 - Mehr als Anerkennung. Das Schreiblabor als Resonanzraum und Assemblage T2 - Experimente lernen, Techniken tauschen. Ein spekulatives Handbuch N2 - Ein "how to" von Schreibtechniken für Seminare und Kolloquien. KW - Künstlerische Forschung KW - Schreiben KW - Schreiblabor Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201009-42656 UR - https://nocturne-plattform.de/text/mehr-als-anerkennung SP - 141 EP - 164 PB - Nocturne CY - Berlin/Weimar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Linseisen, Elisa T1 - Medien/Denken/Um/Formatieren T2 - Experimente lernen, Techniken tauschen. Ein experimentelles Handbuch N2 - Die medienwissenschaftliche Praxis des Um / Formatierens wurde im Wintersemester 2017 / 18 mit vierzig Bache- lor-Studierenden der Medien-, Theaterwissenschaft und den Gender Studies entwickelt und erprobt. Inhalt des Seminars waren konkrete mediale Standardformate, wie z. B. die Carte de Visite, die Schallplatte, der 16- oder 35mm Filmstreifen, digitale Dateiformate, wie das JPEG, GIF, MP3, die Videokassette oder auch Papierformate wie DIN A0 oder A8. KW - Format KW - Medien KW - Seminar KW - Medienphilosophie des Formats Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201009-42574 UR - https://nocturne-plattform.de/text/medien-denken-um-formatieren SP - 51 EP - 69 PB - Nocturne CY - Berlin/Weimar ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dokhanchi, Najmeh Sadat A1 - Arnold, Jörg A1 - Vogel, Albert A1 - Völker, Conrad T1 - Measurement of indoor air temperature distribution using acoustic travel-time tomography: Optimization of transducers location and sound-ray coverage of the room JF - Measurement N2 - Acoustic travel-time TOMography (ATOM) allows the measurement and reconstruction of air temperature distributions. Due to limiting factors, such as the challenge of travel-time estimation of the early reflections in the room impulse response, which heavily depends on the position of transducers inside the measurement area, ATOM is applied mainly outdoors. To apply ATOM in buildings, this paper presents a numerical solution to optimize the positions of transducers. This optimization avoids reflection overlaps, leading to distinguishable travel-times in the impulse response reflectogram. To increase the accuracy of the measured temperature within tomographic voxels, an additional function is employed to the proposed numerical method to minimize the number of sound-path-free voxels, ensuring the best sound-ray coverage of the room. Subsequently, an experimental set-up has been performed to verify the proposed numerical method. The results indicate the positive impact of the optimal positions of transducers on the distribution of ATOM-temperatures. KW - Bauphysik KW - Bauklimatik KW - Akustische Laufzeit-Tomographie Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220524-46473 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263224120304723?via%3Dihub VL - 2020 IS - Volume 164, article 107934 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seichter, Cosima Zita A1 - Neßler, Miriam A1 - Knopf, Paul T1 - Mapping In-Betweenness. The Refugee District in Belgrade in the Context of Migration, Urban Development, and Border Regimes JF - Movements. Journal for Critical Migration and Border Regime Studies N2 - The contribution explores the migratory situation on the Balkans and more specifically in the so-called Refugee District in Belgrade from a spatial perspective. By visualizing the areas of tensions in the Refugee District, the city of Belgrade, Serbia and Europe it aims to disentangle the political and socio-spatial levels that lead to the stuck situation of in-betweenness at the gates of the European Union. KW - Europäische Union KW - Balkan KW - Flüchtlingspolitik KW - Balkanroute Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210806-44807 UR - http://movements-journal.org/issues/08.balkanroute/11.seichter,nessler,knopf--mapping-in-betweenness.html VL - 2020 IS - Volume 5, Issue 1 SP - 1 EP - 9 CY - Göttingen ER -