TY  - JOUR
A1  - Londong, Jörg
A1  - Barth, Marcus
A1  - Söbke, Heinrich
T1  - Reducing antimicrobial resistances by source separation of domestic wastewater
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Health
N2  - Antimicrobial resistances (AMR) are ranked among the top ten threats to public health and societal development worldwide. Toilet wastewater contained in domestic wastewater is a significant source of AMR entering the aquatic environment. The current commonly implemented combined sewer systems at times cause overflows during rain events, resulting in the discharge of untreated wastewater into the aquatic environment, thus promoting AMR. In this short research article, we describe an approach to transform combined sewer systems into source separation-modified combined sewer systems that separately treat toilet wastewater. We employ simulations for demonstrating that source separation-modified combined sewer systems reduce the emission of AMR- causing substances by up to 11.5 logarithm levels. Thus, source separation- modified combined sewer systems are amongst the most effective means of combating AMR.
KEYWORDS
KW  - Allgemeinheit
KW  - Öffentlichkeit
KW  - Gesundheit
KW  - Kanal
KW  - Abwasser
KW  - Antibiotikum
KW  - Resistenz
KW  - OA-Publikationsfonds2023
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230403-49483
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvh.2023.1151898/full
VL  - 2023
IS  - Volume 2, article 1151898
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Londong, Jörg
A1  - Barth, Marcus
A1  - Söbke, Heinrich
T1  - Modeling and Simulation of Source Separation in Sanitation Systems for Reducing Emissions of Antimicrobial Resistances
JF  - Water
N2  - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to public health worldwide. In addition to public health, AMR also poses a major threat to food security and economic development. Current sanitation systems contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR and lack effective AMR mitigation measures. This study assesses source separation of blackwater as a mitigation measure against AMR. A source-separation-modified combined sanitation system with separate collection of blackwater and graywater is conceptually described. Measures taken at the source, such as the separate collection and discharge of material flows, were not considered so far on a load balance basis, i.e., they have not yet been evaluated for their effectiveness. The sanitation system described is compared with a combined system and a separate system regarding AMR emissions by means of simulation. AMR is represented in the simulation model by one proxy parameter each for antibiotics (sulfamethoxa-zole), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli), and antibiotic re-sistance genes (blaTEM). The simulation results suggest that the source-separation-based sanitation system reduces emissions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes into the aquatic environment by more than six logarithm steps compared to combined systems. Sulfa-methoxazole emissions can be reduced by 75.5% by keeping blackwater separate from graywater and treating it sufficiently. In summary, sanitation systems incorporating source separation are, to date, among the most effective means of preventing the emission of AMR into the aquatic envi-ronment.
KW  - Abwasser
KW  - Ressourcen
KW  - microbial resistances
KW  - antimicrobial resistance genes
KW  - source separation
KW  - resource-oriented sanitation
KW  - UASB
KW  - OA-Publikationsfonds2021
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20211202-45338
UR  - www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/23/3342
VL  - 2021
IS  - Volume 13, issue 23, article 3342
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -