TY - THES A1 - Vu, Manh Quynh T1 - Möglichkeiten zur Bewertung des Zustandes von Straßenbauten (Bau und Rekonstruktion) unter Einbeziehung seismischer Messungen . T1 - Possibilities for the evaluation of the condition of road (Construction and reconstruction) including seismic measurements N2 - Central point of this study is to evaluate stiffness properties of pavement, specifically the E or G- modulus determined by different testing methods. Stiffness of soil is both stress and strain dependent property and otherwise different methods usually affect the material in different ways. The Young’s modulus E0 and shear modulus G0 correspond to the very small strain level are regarded as the initial or maximal stiffness of the relevant stress-strain curves of a given material. The modulus decay curve is called the degradation curve, which also reviewed in this study. With the results of different measurement methods applied for a reclaimed mining site in Klettwitz for determining of stiffness parameter of subsoil, author have tried to find a unification between the results considering the relationship between stiffness parameter and the range of strain levels. The testing methods executed at plant S9 in Klettwitz-Südfeld are: laboratory oedometer test, static plate load test, dynamic plate load test, and seismic testing methods (spectral analysis of surface wave, SASW). Some results getting from this study are: one receives different absolute values of stiffness parameter from different testing methods. The reason is different testing methods produce different range of strain levels in soil during their execution. Conventional and non-destructive testing methods should be combined together for investigating of subsoil characteristics. This means, the soil parameters must be adjusted to the current range of strain level. Especially for settlement calculation it is recommended that different values of stiffness modulus, Es, resulted by different testing methods should be simultaneously utilized along the depth beneath loading surface. Accuracy for determining of stiffness degradation curves depends a lot on the determination of maximal stiffness parameters (E0, G0) at the range of very small strain level, and it still requires much further studies. KW - Straßenbau KW - Seismik KW - Sraßeninstandhaltung KW - Straßenplanung KW - seismische Messungen KW - Zustand von Strassenbau KW - seimic measurements KW - evaluation KW - road Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-6498 N1 - Der Volltext-Zugang wurde im Zusammenhang mit der Klärung urheberrechtlicher Fragen mit sofortiger Wirkung gesperrt. ER - TY - THES A1 - Remmert, Frank T1 - Bestimmung hydraulischer Eigenschaften von teilgesättigten granularen Reibungsmaterialien in einem Säulenversuch T1 - Hydraulic Behaviour of Unsaturated Graveld Material N2 - Diese Diplomarbeit beschreibt die Durchführung eines dynamischen Sandsäulenversuches zur Bestimmung der Wassercharakteristikkurven (SWCC) und der teilgesättigten Durchlässigkeiten des Sandes. Als Messinstrumente wurden TDR-Sonden und Tensiometer verwendet. Die TDR-Sonden wurden eigens für diesen Versuch kalibriert. Messgrößen waren der volumetrische Wassergehalt und die Kapillarspannung im Sand. Für die Auswertung kamen statistische Modelle zum Einsatz, insbesondere das Modell nach FREDLUND & XING. Darüber hinaus wurde geprüft, in wie weit die Wassercharakteristikkurven (SWCC) auch über inverse Berechnungsverfahren ermittelbar sind. N2 - This thesis is about a soil column test. During the test the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the unsaturated conductivity were determined. For the measurement of the volumetric water content TDR-probes were used. For the measurement of the suction tensiometers were used. The TDR-probes were first calibrated. To determine the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the unsaturated conductivity statistical models were used, especially the model from FRELUND&XING. Also an invers calculation for the SWCC was accomplished. KW - Bodenanalyse KW - Time domain reflectometry KW - Sandsäulenversuch KW - TDR-Kalibrierung KW - Durchlässigkeit KW - Hostun-Sand KW - unsaturated permeability KW - soil column test KW - soil water characteristic curve Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-6647 N1 - Der Volltext-Zugang wurde im Zusammenhang mit der Klärung urheberrechtlicher Fragen mit sofortiger Wirkung gesperrt. ER - TY - THES A1 - Khan, Muhammad Ibrar T1 - HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF POLYMER-ENHANCED BENTONITE-SAND MIXTURE N2 - The hydraulic properties of the polymer-enhanced bentonite-sand mixtures (PEBSMs) investigated in this study consisted of the water retention behaviour (or the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC)) and the saturated and unsaturated coefficients of permeability. The SWCCs of the compacted polymer-enhanced bentonite-sand mixtures were measured using two techniques; namely, axis-translation technique and vapour equilibrium technique. The results obtained from both methods were combined to establish a single SWCC for each specimen. The saturated coefficient of permeability of the material was measured using the constant-head flexible wall permeameter method. The unsaturated coefficient of permeability was computed from the SWCCs and the saturated permeability values using the statistical model. The study revealed that the wetting curves for the PEBSM and clay are above the drying curves. The fact is thought be due to the specimens being not saturated before starting the drying tests. Since the specimens are expensive soil such a trend can be expected. The permeability deduced from the oedometer test data over-estimates the actual water flow rate resulting in a higher computed saturated coefficient of permeability compared to the measured values. The nets of polymer and bentonite clusters are thought to retard the flow of water during the direct measurement. However, the net of polymer and bentonite clusters are compressed during loading and rebound during unloading. Hysteresis effect was found for the PEBSMs in the permeability versus degree of saturation curve. This is due to possible difference in the spatial distribution of water in the specimens depending whether the specimens were on drying or wetting path. KW - Baustoff KW - Hydraulic properties KW - polymer-enhanced KW - bentonite-sand mixture KW - soil mechanics Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-6803 N1 - Der Volltext-Zugang wurde im Zusammenhang mit der Klärung urheberrechtlicher Fragen mit sofortiger Wirkung gesperrt. ER - TY - THES A1 - Büchner, Stefan T1 - Methoden zur Ermittlung von Materialkennwerten für numerische Berechnungen in der Geotechnik T1 - Methods for investigation of soil properties for numerical calculations in geotechnics N2 - Bei der Bearbeitung geotechnischer Aufgabenstellungen treten häufig Probleme bei der Vorhersage des Setzungsverhaltens von Böden auf. Numerische Methoden auf Basis finiter Elemente oder finiter Differenzen werden oftmals als Hauptinstrumente der Prognose verwendet. Dabei erzielen sie jedoch nicht selten Ergebnisse, die im Nachhinein als unbefriedigend bezeichnet werden müssen. Eine Begründung dafür liegt in der Verwendung linearer Stoffgesetze, die auf Ansätze aus der Elastizitätstheorie beruhen. Werden höherwertige Stoffgesetze eingesetzt, so fehlen oftmals gesicherte Aussagen zu den erforderlichen Bodenkennwerten. Diese müssen durch ein umfangreiches Versuchsprogramm mit einer aufwendigen Auswertung bestimmt werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, eine robuste Methode zu entwickeln, die in der Lage ist, aus Messwerten (Feld) und Versuchsergebnissen (Labor) geeignete Parameter für Modelle mit nichtlinearer Konsolidationstheorie zu ermitteln. Dazu werden die Möglichkeiten der Mathematik ausgenutzt, welche inverse Methoden zur Verfügung stellt, mit denen man mehrere Bodenkennwerte (hauptsächlich Steifigkeiten und Durchlässigkeiten) gleichzeitig unter Be-rücksichtung ihrer Wechselbeziehungen zueinander bestimmen kann. Als Instrumentarium dafür steht das Programm AdConsol-1D zur Verfügung, welches die inverse Parameterermittlung auf Basis mathematischer Optimierungsmethode ermöglicht. Ein Test- und Versuchsdamm, der im Finnischen Haarajoki (Haarajoki Test Embankment) errichtet wurde und über längeren Zeitraum messtechnisch überwacht wurde, dient als Validationsbeispiel. Dieser wurde auf sehr verformungsempfindlichem Boden errichtet. Durch Aufbereitung und Auswertung der Feld- und Laborversuche am Haarajoki Test Embankment wurden die Grundlagen für die inverse Parameterermittlung geschaffen. Dazu wurde eine Methode zur Konstruktion plausib-ler Porenwasserüberdrücke aus Setzungsmessungen und Laborversuchsdaten entwickelt. Mit den Werten der Optimierung wurde ein Modell im 2D FEM Programm Plaxis erstellt, welches die in Haarajoki gemessenen Setzungen und Porenwasserdrücke möglichst genau reproduzieren sollte. Es zeigte sich, dass sich Bodenparameter des eindimensionalen nichtlinearen Konsolidati-onsmodells nicht problemlos auf ein 2D FEM Modell übertragen lassen. Insbesondere fehlen gesicherte Aussagen über die Größe des horizontalen Durchlässigkeitskoeffizienten kx und des Referenzsekantenmoduls E50Ref aus dem Triaxialversuch. Die inverse Berechnung für sich betrachtet verlief dahingegen zufrieden stellend mit dem eindimensionalen Modell in AdConsol-1D. Auf dieser Grundlage ist die Erstellung einer realistischen Prognose des weiteren Konsolidationsverlaufes am Haarajoki Test Embankment möglich. N2 - In geotechnics, problems frequently appear in the prediction of settlements for soils. Numerical Methods based on Finite Elements or Finite Differences are often used as main instruments for prediction. These methods often produce unsatisfying results. One reason is the utilization of linear material laws which are based on the theory of elasticity. Introducing ad-vanced material laws secure informations lack for required soil parameters. They need to be determined in an extensive test programm with complex evaluation.The intention is, to develop a robust method, which is able to determine adequate parameters from measurements and laboratory examinations using a one dimensional nonlinear theory of consolidation. In addidtion the possibilities of mathematics are used, which provide invers methods for the simultaneous determination of several soil parameters (especially stiffness and permeability parameters) and their correlations. As instrument the programm AdConsol-1D was available, which offers the invers parameter investigation on basis of mathematical optimization meth-ods. An embankment for tests and examination, the Haarajoki Test Embankment serves as validation example. Pore pressures and cumulative settlements were observed for a long time period at the embankment, which was built on very soft soil. The conditioning and evaluation of field and laboratory tests from the Haarajoki Test Embankment accomplished a basis for the invers parameter determination. For that purpose a method for designing plausible excess pore pressures, using measurements of settlements and laboratory test datas, was developed. A model was constracted with the 2D FEM programm Plaxis using the values from the opti-mization, which ought to reproduce the measured settlements and excess pore pressures from Haarajoki Test Embankment as accurately as possible. It was shown, that the soil properties from the one-dimensional non-linear consolidation model can’t be assigned without problems onto a 2D FEM model. Especially lack firmed information about the value of horizontal permeability kx and the modulus for the secant stiffness in standard drained triaxial tests (E50Ref). Whereas the invers calculation itself produced a satisfying result with the one-dimensional model of AdConsol-1D. On that basis the construction of a realistic prediction of former consolidation process at Haarajoki Test Embankment is possible. KW - Konsolidation KW - Inverses Problem KW - Bodenmechanik KW - Parameterschätzung KW - Kennwertermittlung KW - nichtlineare Konsolidationstheorie KW - numerische Berechnungen KW - mathematische Optimierungsmethoden KW - non-linear consolidation KW - determination of soil properties KW - numerical methods Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5524 N1 - Der Volltext-Zugang wurde im Zusammenhang mit der Klärung urheberrechtlicher Fragen mit sofortiger Wirkung gesperrt. ER - TY - THES A1 - Asslan, Milad T1 - An Experimental Study on the Initial Shear Stiffness in Granular Material under Controlled Multi-Phase Laboratory Conditions N2 - The initial shear modulus, Gmax, of soil is an important parameter for a variety of geotechnical design applications. This modulus is typically associated with shear strain levels about 5*10^-3% and below. The critical role of soil stiffness at small-strains in the design and analysis of geotechnical infrastructure is now widely accepted. Gmax is a key parameter in small-strain dynamic analyses such as those to predict soil behavior or soil-structure interaction during earthquake, explosions, machine or traffic vibration where it is necessary to know how the shear modulus degrades from its small-strain value as the level of shear strain increases. Gmax can be equally important for small-strain cyclic situations such as those caused by wind or wave loading and for small-strain static situations as well. Gmax may also be used as an indirect indication of various soil parameters, as it, in many cases, correlates well to other soil properties such as density and sample disturbance. In recent years, a technique using bender elements was developed to investigate the small-strain shear modulus Gmax. The objective of this thesis is to study the initial shear stiffness for various sands with different void ratios, densities, grain size distribution under dry and saturated conditions, then to compare empirical equations to predict Gmax and results from other testing devices with results of bender elements from this study. KW - Soil KW - Shear modulus KW - Shear wave KW - Soil dynamics KW - Bender elements Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20120402-15842 ER -