TY - CHAP A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert A1 - Pfeiffer, Eberhard A1 - Videkhina, Inna T1 - Calculation of beam structures with the symbolic computer language Maple N2 - Beside the standard calculation programs for civil engineering buildings mathematical programs have been lately established for the solution of differential equations for the analysis of mechanical and static systems. Programs like Maple, Matlab, MathCAD and Mathematica are popular in this field. To the knowledge of the authors, the widest application functionality offers the program Maple. Its advantages are, e.g. the alternatively symbolic or numerical solution of differential equation systems, the easy handling of parameter studies, the immediate visualization of results, the definition of macros for selected calculation steps and their export in other computer languages and, not least, the automatically generated, very clear documentation of the matehematical calculus. KW - Bautechnik KW - Computerunterstütztes Lernen KW - Maple Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-845 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras A1 - Kaklauskas, Arturas T1 - Civil Engineering Decision Support Systems in Lithuania N2 - Civil engineering decision support systems (construction, building life cycle, refurbishment, total quality management, innovation, etc.) created in Lithuania are described in this paper. The above decision support systems comprise of the following constituent parts: data (database and its management system), models (model base and its management system) and a user interface. Presentation of information in databases may be in conceptual (digital, textual, graphical, photographic, video) and quantitative forms. Quantitative information presented involves criteria systems and subsystems, units of measurement, values and initial weight fully defining the variants provided. The databases were developed providing a multiple criteria analysis of alternatives from economical, infrastructure, technical, technological, qualitative, legislative, social and other perspectives. This information is provided in a user-oriented way. Since the analysis of alternatives is usually performed by taking into account economical, infrastructure, technical, technological, qualitative and other factors, a model-base include models which enable a decision maker to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the variants available and make a proper choice. These systems, related questions and practical case study were analysed the paper. KW - Wissensmanagement KW - Bautechnik KW - Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2579 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Ulrich C. T1 - Collaboration in AEC Design : Web-enabling Applications using Peer-to-Peer Office Communicator N2 - A market analysis conducted by Gartner Dataquest in August 2001 has shown the typical characteristics of the AEC design process. High volatility in membership of AEC design groups and members dispersed over several external offices is the common collaboration scenario. Membership is most times short lived, compared to the overall duration of the process. A technical solution has to take that into account by making joining and leaving a collaborative work group very easy. The modelling of roles of collaboration between group members must be based on a commonly understood principle like the publisher / subscriber model, where the individual that is responsible for the distribution of vital information is clear. Security issues and trust in the confidentiality of the system is a central concern for the acceptance of the system. Therefore, keeping the subset of data that will be published under the absolute control of the publisher is a must. This is not the case with server-based scenarios, sometimes even due to psychological reasons. A loosely bound Peer-to-Peer network offers advantages over a server-based solution, because of less administrative overhead and simple installation procedures. In a peer-to-peer environment, a publish/subscribe role model can be more easily implemented. The publish/subscribe model matches the way AEC processes are modelled in real world scenarios today, where legal proof of information exchange between external offices is of high importance. Workflow management systems for small to midsize companies of the AEC industry may adopt the peer-to-peer approach to collaboration in the future. Further investigations are being made on the research level (WINDS) by integrating the viewer and redlining application Collaborate! into a collaborative environment. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Kommunikationsmodell Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1386 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassan, Tarek A1 - Shelbourn, Mark A1 - Carter, Chris T1 - Collaboration in Construction: Legal and Contractual Issues in ICT Applications N2 - The construction industry is a project-based business bringing together many different organisations to complete a desired goal. The strategic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has enabled this goal to be completed more effectively. Two issues require addressing, the technology itself and the implementation factors of the technology. Such implementation factors should consider, among other factors, the legal and contractual issues associated with the use of ICT, training requirements and its effects on the organisational culture. To date the legal and contractual issues have not been extensively covered, and it is recognised that the technologies have not been properly covered by any recognised legal and contractual practices. This in turn is threatening to inhibit the growth and prosperity of the use of the technology on construction projects. This paper discusses these legal and contractual issues and describes methods and tools that can be used to enable the growth of technology to be used in a legal and contractually valid environment. KW - Forschung KW - Europa KW - Informationstechnik KW - Bauindustrie KW - Vertrag Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2005 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Soibelman, Lucio A1 - O'Brien, William A1 - Elvin, George T1 - Collaborative Design Processes: A Class on Concurrent Collaboration in Multidisciplinary Design N2 - The rise of concurrent engineering in construction demands early team formation and constant communication throughout the project life cycle, but educational models in architecture, engineering and construction have been slow to adjust to this shift in project organization. Most students in these fields spend the majority of their college years working on individual projects that do not build teamwork or communication skills. Collaborative Design Processes (CDP) is a capstone design course where students from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the University of Florida learn methods of collaborative design enhanced by the use of information technology. Students work in multidisciplinary teams to collaborate from remote locations via the Internet on the design of a facility. An innovation of this course compared to previous efforts is that students also develop process designs for the integration of technology into the work of multidisciplinary design teams. The course thus combines both active and reflective learning about collaborative design and methods. The course is designed to provide students the experience, tools, and methods needed to improve design processes and better integrate the use of technology into AEC industry work practices. This paper describes the goals, outcomes and significance of this new, interdisciplinary course for distributed AEC education. Differences from existing efforts and lessons learned to promote collaborative practices are discussed. Principal conclusions are that the course presents effective pedagogy to promote collaborative design methods, but faces challenges in both technology and in traditional intra-disciplinary training of students. KW - Hochschulbildung KW - Entscheidungsunterstützung KW - Computer Supported Cooperative Work Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1948 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Miles, John A1 - Joita, Liviu A1 - Burnap, Peter T1 - Collaborative Engineering: Virtual Teams in a Grid Environment Supporting Consortia in the Construction Industry N2 - In the AEC (Architecture / Engineering / Construction) industry a number of individuals and organisations collaborate and work jointly on a construction project. The resulting consortium has large pool of expertise and experience and can be defined as a Virtual Organisation (VO) formed for the duration of the project. VOs are electronically networked organisations where IT and web based communication technology play an important role in coordinating various activities of these organisations. This paper describes the design, development and implementation of a Grid enabled application called the Product Supplier Catalogue Database (PSCD) which supports collaborative working in consortia. As part of the Grid-enabling process, specialised metadata is being developed to enable PSCD to effectively utilise Grid middleware such as Globus and Java CoG toolkits. We also describe our experience whilst designing, developing and deploying the security service of the application using the Globus Security Interface (GSI). KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Projektmanagement Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1362 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fruchter, Renate A1 - Saxena, Kushagra A1 - Breidenthal, Matt T1 - Collaborative Exploration of Rich Content in Support of Knowledge Re-use N2 - A/E/C Team members, while collaborating on building projects, rely on past experiences and content through the use of project design archives (whether in paper or digital format). This leads to underutilization of potential knowledge, as decision-making of data, information, and knowledge reuse is limited by access to these archives, due to sheer size and inconvenient presentation. This paper presents an integrated solution that leverages two technologies CoMem (Corporate Memory) and iRoom (interactive Room) developed at Stanford. This addresses critical limitations, i.e., content, context, visualization and interactivity, constraining the process of collaborative exploration towards knowledge reuse and decision-making. KW - Hochschulbildung KW - Entscheidungsunterstützung KW - Wissensverarbeitung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1952 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - König, Reinhard A1 - Bauriedel, Christian T1 - Computer-generated Urban Structures T2 - Proceedings of the Generative Art Conference N2 - How does it come to particular structure formations in the cities and which strengths play a role in this process? On which elements can the phenomena be reduced to find the respective combination rules? How do general principles have to be formulated to be able to describe the urban processes so that different structural qualities can be produced? With the aid of mathematic methods, models based on four basic levels are generated in the computer, through which the connections between the elements and the rules of their interaction can be examined. Conclusions on the function of developing processes and the further urban origin can be derived. KW - Computational Urban Design Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20160623-26090 SP - 1 EP - 10 CY - Milan, Italy ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Katzenbach, Rolf A1 - Giere, Johannes T1 - Coordinating Planning Processes in AEC using an Adaptable Process Model N2 - The contribution introduces an adaptable process model to meet the special requirements of the coordination of planning activities in AEC (Architecture, Engineering, Construction). The process model is based on the concept of Coloured Petri-Nets and uses metainformation to characterize process-relevant information and to enable process-control based on the actual results of the planning. KW - Prozessmodell KW - Planungsprozess Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-946 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kopyto, Martin A1 - Petersen, Michael A1 - Diaz, Joaquin T1 - Cost and Schedule Controlling in Relation to Liquidity Management during Construction Projects N2 - The present paper describes a software application which can be used for relating the scheduled events of a construction project with the respective financial parameters, leading to an overall improvement in general controlling and liquidity management. For this purpose, existing construction schedules are taken and details of the assignment are recorded. Thus it becomes possible to assess a future payment status should changes in the designated schedule occur. KW - Baubetrieb KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren KW - Controlling Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1599 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lang, Dominik H. T1 - Damage potential of seismic ground motion considering local site effects N2 - The main objective of the present work is to establish a link between the scientific fields of engineering seismology and structural engineering. Substantially it deals with the application and enhancements of methods coming from engineering seismology as well as their junctions to the fields of structural engineering respectively earthquake engineering. Based on real occurred earthquake damage inflicted to multistoried reinforced-concrete frame buildings, the influence of local site effects on the grade of structural damage is worked out. This relying on comprehensive investigations conducted during numerous field missions of German TaskForce after damaging earthquakes in Venezuela and Türkiye. Instrumental investigations on both the structure and its local subsoil in order to identify the damage potential of seismic ground motion take center stage of the thesis. Thereby it is examined whether or not an estimated seismic demand representative in amplitude level and frequency characteristics is able to cause structural damage considering the vulnerability of the structure itself as well as the local site and subsoil conditions. Investigations are concentrated on selected RC frame structures with or without masonry infill walls. N2 - Die Arbeit ordnet sich in die wissenschaftliche Disziplin der Ingenieurseismologie ein. Sie beinhaltet im wesentlichen die Anwendung und Weiterentwicklung ingenieurseismologischer Methoden sowie deren Verbindung zum Bereich des konstruktiven Ingenieurbaus bzw. des Erdbebeningenieurwesens. Auf der Grundlage dokumentierter Erdbebenschäden an ingenieurmäßig ausgeführten Bauwerken wird der Einfluß sogenannter lokaler Standorteffekte („site effects“) auf den Grad der Schädigung untersucht. Die hierfür notwendige Datenbasis instrumenteller Standortuntersuchungen sowie die Dokumentation und Analyse repräsentativer Bauwerksstrukturen wurde im Rahmen der Einsätze der Deutschen TaskForce für Erdbeben erhoben. Diese stützen sich insbesondere auf Feldeinsätze in Venezuela und der Türkei. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Identifikation des Schadenspotentials seismischer Bodenbewegung mittels instrumenteller Standort- und Bauwerksuntersuchungen. Dabei wird im einzelnen untersucht inwieweit eine für den Standort repräsentative seismische Einwirkung fähig ist unter Berücksichtigung der Bauwerksverletzbarkeit und der anstehenden Untergrundbedingungen strukturelle Bauwerksschäden hervorzurufen. Hierbei konzentrieren sich die Untersuchungen auf mehrgeschossige Stahlbeton-Rahmenbauwerke mit und ohne Mauerwerksausfachung. Der wissenschaftliche Ansatz, die durch Erdbeben verursachten Bauwerksschäden über instrumentelle Standortuntersuchungen zu interpretieren, ist Gegenstand einer Reihe unterschiedlicher Forschungsarbeiten. Meist beschränken sich diese auf die Betrachtung des Untergrundes und dessen verstärkenden Effekte auf die seismische Bodenbewegung. Ein überzeugender Nachweis, daß diese Verstärkungseffekte auch tatsächlich für die Bauwerksschäden verantwortlich sind, wurde bis dato nicht erbracht. Vor allem die Berücksichtigung der Bauwerks mitsamt seinen strukturellen Defiziten, die durch Material- und Ausführungsqualität oder durch Entwurfsfehler hervorgerufen werden, kommt hierbei oft zu kurz. Um die potentiell schadenverursachenden Verstärkungseffekte des Untergrundes identifi-zieren zu können stehen eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Methoden und Verfahren zur Verfügung (site response estimation techniques). Dabei wird grundsätzlich zwischen den empirischen Verfahren der Ingenieurseismologie auf meßtechnisch gewonnene Daten und den analytischen Verfahren der Bodendynamik unterschieden. Letztere bedingen detaillierte Informationen zu den einzelnen Bodenschichten (mechanische und dynamische Parameter), die jedoch zeit- und kostenaufwendige Untersuchungen voraussetzen. T2 - Schadenspotential seismischer Bodenbewegung unter Berücksichtigung lokaler Standorteffekte T3 - Scientific technical reports // Zentrum für Ingenieuranalysen von Erdbebenschäden Weimar - 2004,1 KW - Erdbebenschaden KW - Bodenunruhe KW - Schadenspotential KW - Untergrundklassifikation KW - H/V-Methode KW - Push-over Analyse KW - Stahlbeton-Rahmenbauwerke KW - site classification KW - microtremors KW - earthquake damage KW - damage potential KW - push-over analysis Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040826-911 ER - TY - THES A1 - Winkelmann, Arne T1 - Das Pionierlager Artek. Realität und Utopie in der sowjetischen Architektur der sechziger Jahre T1 - The Pioneer Camp Artek. Reality and Utopia in Soviet Architecture of the 1960's N2 - Das in den 1960er Jahren gebaute, internationale Pionierlager Artek an der Schwarzmeerküste der Krim war das größte Kinderferienlager der Sowjetunion. Als Prestigeobjekt und Vorzeigeinstitution steht Artek für die Architektur der Ära Chruschtschows, des sogenannten „Tauwetters“. Anhand des dialektischen Prinzips von Präsentation und Repräsentation werden vier Aspekte des Lagers untersucht: Architektur, städtebauliche Struktur, Erziehung und Gesamtkunstwerk. Durch dieses Prinzip, das sich aus der Widerspiegelungstheorie ableiten läßt, kann jedem dieser Aspekte die Kongruenz zur ideologischen Zielsetzung und damit die gestalterische Kohärenz der Ferienanlage nachgewiesen werden. In Abgrenzung zur modernen Architektur der westlichen Industrienationen wurde in Artek eine spezifisch „sozialistische Moderne“ für die Sowjetunion und die übrigen Staaten des Ostblocks definiert. Diese war eng verbunden mit dem Städtebau auf der Grundlage von Mikrorayons und der Ausgestaltung von Stadt- und Subzentren. Artek ist mit seiner idealtypischen, architektonischen und städtebaulichen Gestaltung ein Denkmal für die frühere Sowjetunion. N2 - The pioneer camp Artek on the Crimean peninsula at the Black Sea was built in the 1960’s and was the biggest of its kind in the former Soviet Union. As a representative and representing institution Artek is a famous example for the architecture of the Khrushchev-era, the so called “Thaw”. From the dialectical principle of presentation and representation four aspects of the camp are analysed: architecture, urban planning, education and “Gesamtkunstwerk”. Within these principle which is deduced from the “Widerspiegelungstheorie” every aspect shows congruence to its ideological target and with that the coherent design of the camp. Distinguishing to the modern architecture of the western industrial nations in Artek a specific “socialist modernism” for the Soviet Union and the allied countries was defined. This was strictly linked with an urban planning based on Mikrorayons and the design of city-centers and sub-centers. Artek as an ideal design of architecture and urban planning is a monument for the former Soviet Union. KW - Entstalinisierung KW - Pioniererziehung KW - Architektur KW - Krim KW - Sozialistischer Realismus KW - Stahlbetonbau / Skelettbau KW - sozialistische Moderne KW - Artek KW - Junge Pioniere KW - sowjetische Architektur KW - socialist modernism KW - Artek KW - young pioneers KW - soviet architecture Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040817-878 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Cheung, Moe M. S. A1 - Noruziaan, Bahman A1 - Li, W. C. T1 - Data acquisition, processing and management systems for a Canadian bridge monitoring project N2 - This paper will present a number of technical aspects for one of the most elaborate instrumentation and data acquisition projects ever undertaken in Canada. Confederation Bridge, the longest bridge built over ice covered seawater has been equipped with the state of the art data acquistition devices and systems as well as data transfer networks. The Bridge has been providing a fixed surface connection between Prince Edward Island and Province of New Brunswick in Canada since its opening in 1997. The Bridge has a rather long design service life of 100 years. Because of its large size and long span length, its design is not covered by any existing codes or standards worldwide. The focus of the paper is to introduce the data acquisition, transfer, processing and management systems. The instrumentation and communications infrastructure and devices will be presented in some details along with the data processing and management systems and techniques. Teams of engineers and researchers use the collected data to verify the analysis and design assumptions and parameters as well as investigate the short-term and long-term behaviour and health of the Bridge. The collected data are also used in furthering research activities in the field of bridge engineering and in elevating our knowledge about behaviour, reliability and durability of such complex structures, their components and materials. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Brückenbau Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1235 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Liu, Liang A1 - Soibelman, Lucio A1 - Wu, Jianfeng T1 - Data Fusion and Modeling for Construction Management Knowledge Discovery N2 - Advances in construction data analysis techniques have provided useful tools to discover explicit knowledge on historical databases supporting project managers’ decision making. However, in many situations, historical data are extracted and preprocessed for knowledge discovery based on time-consuming and problem-specific data preparation solutions, which often results in inefficiencies and inconsistencies. To overcome the problem, we are working on the development of a new data fusion methodology, which is designed to provide timely and consistent access to historical data for efficient and effective management knowledge discovery. The methodology is intended to be a new bridge between historical databases and data analysis techniques, which shields project managers from complex data preparation solutions, and enables them to use discovered knowledge for decision making more conveniently. This paper briefly describes the motivation, the background and the initial results of the ongoing research. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Wissensverarbeitung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1254 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pavlov, Alexander T1 - Data Transfer and Objects Recognition in Building Design N2 - The problem of data interoperability is now very important. The formal description of construction systems and objects must base upon the modeling for the description of construction data domain. The XML-language was selected as a basis of a universal data format, ensuring natural hierarchy of objects, flexibility, good layout and expandability. The language, developed by the author, is called Building Object Description Extensible Markup Language (bodXML). The types of all objects used by data transfer should be definite beforehand with existing methods of programming. It limits the possibilities of IT in application of new types. But the recipient software must recognize the building objects even if the kind of object is unknown at the outset. The author offers a set of main topological and geometric properties being sufficient for recognition of main three-dimensional building constructions with flat edges. The tests of artificial neuron network have shown that the recognition of a kind of the constructions represented as a set of indicated parameters happens enough confidently. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Datenaustausch Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1265 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras A1 - Kaklauskas, Arturas A1 - Viteikiene, Milda T1 - Database of Best Practices and Decision Support Web-based System for Construction Innovation N2 - Many construction and facilities management Web sites can be found on the Internet. The interested parties on construction and facilities management Web sites can find databases of best practices, calculators, analyzers, software, expert and decision support systems, neural networks, etc. Technological innovation mainly through changes in the availability of information and communication technology inclusive databases of best practices, calculators, analyzers, software, neural networks, decision support and expert systems that have been provided by a variety of new services developed by the construction and facilities management sectors. Most of all calculators, analyzers, software, decision support and expert systems, neural networks and on-line systems seek to find out how to make the most economic decisions and most of all these decisions are intended only for economic objectives. Alternatives under evaluation have to be evaluated not only from the economic position, but take into consideration qualitative, technical, technological and other characteristics as well. Based on the analysis of the existing calculators, analyzers, information, expert and decision support systems, neural networks and in order to determine most efficient versions of best practices a Decision Support Web-Based System for Construction Innovation (IDSS) was developed by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Wissensverarbeitung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2173 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaklauskas, Gintaris A1 - Cervenka, Vladimir A1 - Cervenka, Jan T1 - Deflection Calculation of RC Beams: Finite Element Software versus Design Code Methods N2 - The paper investigates accuracy of deflection predictions made by the finite element package ATENA and design code methods ACI and EC2. Deflections have been calculated for a large number of experimental reinforced concrete beams reported by three investigators. Statistical parameters have been established for each of the technique at different load levels, separately for the beams with small and moderate reinforcement ratio. KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren KW - Balken Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2498 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zierold, Sabine T1 - Der mediale Raum der Architektur T1 - The medial space of architecture N2 - Der architektonische Raum wird als ein Medium der Kommunikation im Kontext der >neuen< Medien begriffen, aus der Erkenntnis, dass er schon immer ein Medium war und aus einer komplexen Medienstruktur in Abhängigkeit von anderen Medien besteht. Im Prozess von Handlung und Kommunikation ist der architektonische Raum das Medium, das räumliche Nähe von Individuen über alle Sinne und das Bewusstsein gleichzeitig intensiv ermöglicht. Der architektonische Raum als immersives Kommunikationsmedium erreicht im Zeitalter der >neuen< Medien eine neue Dimension, indem mehr und andere Wirklichkeitsalternativen der Kommunikation zur Verfügung stehen. N. Luhmann folgend, wird die Architektur aus der Sicht der Form/Medium-Differenz systemtheoretisch als strukturierter Möglichkeitsraum betrachtet. Der Raum ist das Medium für Formen des architektonischen Raumes, in dem Architektur überhaupt erst wirksam wird. Umgekehrt sind die Formen des architektonischen Raumes Medien für die Wahrnehmung einer Vielzahl von räumlichen Wirklichkeiten. Eine Fassade aus Stein oder Glas ist gebaute Form und kann als Medium Information kommunizieren. Medien werden ihrer Bestimmung um so besser gerecht, je mehr sie sich der Aufmerksamkeit entziehen und wie transparente Fenster hinter der Oberfläche der sinnlichen Wahrnehmung zurücktreten. Als >unwahrnehmbares< Medium ist der architektonische Raum damit eine hintergründige >Wirkungsmacht<, eine Bühne für die Entfaltung von Wirkung, Atmosphäre und Bewegung. Seine physische Wirklichkeit war schon immer durch virtuelle Wirklichkeiten oder Realitäten entgrenzt, die durch Techniken und Technologien der Simulation als künstliche Welten wahrnehmbar und kommunizierbar werden. Dies kann an tradierten Beispielen der gotischen Kathedrale, dem Panorama, den panoptischen Räumen, dem Theater, Kino oder den kontinuierlichen Räumen von der Moderne bis heute aufgezeigt weren. Virtuelle Räume gotischer Glasbilder oder barocker Decken- und Wandbilder im Medium des architektonischen Raumes sind uns geläufig. Die Immersion, das Eintauchen in diese virtuellen Wirklichkeitsspären löst die Wahrnehmung der eigenen körperlichen Präsenz in ihnen aus. Das Potential des virtuellen Raumes der Architektur besteht im Vergleich zu anderen virtuellen Realitäten von Text, Bild oder digitalen Medien in seiner Gebundenheit an die physische, räumliche Reizstruktur, der er die Eindringlichkeit und Komplexität seiner Wirkung verdankt. Es werden unterschiedliche Wechselwirkungen und gemeinsame Entwicklungen von zeitgenössischen Beispielen der Architektur mit den >neuen< Medien aufgezeigt. In der »sensitiven Wand« wird die physische Raumgrenze durch die Integration neuer Techniken und Technologien digitaler, elektronischer Medien etwas extrem Flexibles und Formbares in Interaktion mit dem Benutzer. Der H2O Pavillon (Oosterhuis und NOX, 1997) ist ein Beispiel dafür. Der ausgeprägt polysensorische Immersionsraum steht für die Einheit von digitaler und architektonischer Simulation. Die metaphorische Welt von Höhle und Quelle des Thermalbades Vals (P.Zumthor, 1996) ist die räumliche Reflexion auf die metaphorische Struktur virtueller Räume der >neuen< Medien. Die simulierte Wirklichkeit in den Medien Wasser, Stein und architektonischer Raum produziert schöpferisch den polysensorischen immersiven Zugang in die virtuellen Welten >authentischer< physischer Umgebung. Das >Sichtbare< im Medium Raum der Architektur ist ohne das >Unsichtbare< nicht zu begreifen bzw. das sinnlich Wahrnehmbare nicht ohne das Unwahrnehmbare. Das Erkennen dieser Relation von Form und Medium ermöglicht die Formulierung des neuen Begriffes des medialen Raumes der Architektur, der zur Basis für eine Medientheorie der Architektur wird, als Sichtweise der Entgrenzung des physischen Raumes durch den virtuellen Raum für die subjektive Wahrnehmung, Handlung und Kommunikation. N2 - Within the context of the >new< media, architectonic space must be understood as a medium of communication. This is because it was always a medium, coexisting with other media within a complex media structure. Ensconced as it is within a process of activity and communication, architectonic space is the one medium that facilitates such a close proximity of individuals whose senses and consciousness thus experience a simultaneity of intensity. The architectonic space as an immersive communication medium attained a new dimension in the age of the >new< media, interactive communication availing itself of an increased number of alternative realities. Following the work of N. Luhmann, architecture may be viewed from the perspective of form/medium-difference as a structured space of possibilities within a theory of systems. The space is the medium for forms of architectonic space in the sense that only then does the architecture itself become apparent. The contrary is the case where forms of architectonic space act as media for the apperception of numerous spatial realities. A façade made of stone or glass is built form and as a medium can impart information. The more media abandon their advertence, the better they fulfil their appropriateness and recede like transparent windows behind the surface of animal consciousness. Thus, architectonic space as a >non-perceptible< medium becomes an >agent of power<, a stage for the evolvement of agency, atmosphere and movement/action. Its physical reality was always borderless, not bounded by virtual actualities or realities which are themselves perceivable and communicable as artificial worlds via the techniques and technologies of simulation. Right up to the present day, this is exemplified by artifices such as the Gothic cathedral, the panorama and panoramic spaces, the theatre, the cinema, or the continuous spaces of modernism. Virtual spaces defined by Gothic stained glass or ceiling and wall murals of the Baroque – within the medium of the architectonic space lest we forget – are all familiar to us. Immersion, in the sense of submerging in these virtual sanctums of reality, releases the apperception of each corporeal presence. In comparison to other virtual realities such as text, image or digital media, the potential of the virtual space in architecture arises out of its bondage to the physical and spatial structure of stimuli on which the forcefulness and complexity of its effectiveness depends. Citing examples of contemporary architecture points up various interdependencies between and common evolutions among the >new< media. As new techniques and technologies of digital and electronic media are introduced, the physical spatial border of the >sensitive wall< becomes in terms of interaction increasingly pliable and ductile for the user. The H2O Pavilion (Oosterhuis and NOX, 1997) is just one example. The highly polysensoric immersion space stands for the unity of digital and architectonic simulation. The metaphoric world of caverns and wells of the hot springs at Vals (P. Zumthor, 1996) is the spatial reflexion on the metaphoric structure of virtual spaces as exemplified by the >new< media. The simulated reality in the media water, stone, and architectonic space, enables in an inventive way the polysensoric and immersive access to the virtual worlds of the >authentic< physical environment. That which is >visible< in the medium of architectural space is not understandable without the >invisible<; in other words, the state of sensory perceptibility depends on the existence of the non-perceptible. The recognition of this relation between form and medium allows a new term to be formulated: the >medial space of architecture<. This in turn becomes the basis for a new media theory of architecture itself, a premise defined as a perspective on the debordering of physical space through the virtual one and existing to provide subjective apperception, activity and communication. KW - Architektur KW - Medium KW - Form KW - Bauform KW - Raumwahrnehmung KW - Simulation KW - Imagination KW - Kommunikation KW - Immersion KW - Illusion KW - architektonischer Raum KW - Virtualität KW - architectural space KW - virtuality Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20060806-8106 ER - TY - THES A1 - Laudel, Katja T1 - Der Typenwandel des ländlichen Wohnhauses im Oderbruch zwischen 1753 zwischen 1850 - Der Einfluss von friderizianischer Kolonisation und preußischer Obrigkeit auf die Hausformen der ländlichen Untertanen T1 - The transformation of the rural house types in Oderbruch between 1753 and 1850 N2 - Seit ihren Anfängen im ausgehenden 19. Jh. ist der brandenburgischen Hausforschung ein Phänomen in der Entwicklung des ländlichen Wohnhauses bekannt, das in der vorliegenden Arbeit als Typenwandel bezeichnet wird: Zahlreiche Landschaften der ehemaligen Kurmark Brandenburg wurden bis in das 18. Jh. hinein von einem giebelständigen Haustyp - dem sogenannten Märkischen Mittelflurhaus - geprägt. Im Verlauf des 18. und 19. jh. wurde dieser von einem traufständigen Haustyp - dem sogenannten Mitteldeutschen Ernhaus - >verdrängt<. Dieser Typenwandel ist wie jeder Wandel einer tradierten Hausform auf einen Komplex verschiedener Faktoren und Einflussgrößen zurückzuführen. Über diese Faktoren und Einflussgrößen bestehen in der bisherigen regionalen Hausforschung folgende Thesen: Zum einen wird angenommen, dass das Vorbild der im Rahmen der friderizianischen Kolonisation seit der Mitte des 18. Jh. zahlreich erbauten, traufständigen Kolonistenhäuser diesen Typenwandel beeinflusst oder ausgelöst habe. Zum anderen seien die baupolizeilichen Vorschriften und der Einfluss der preußischen Landbauschule - vertreten durch das Oberbaudepartement - ein auslösender oder beschleunigender Faktor gewesen. Aufgabe der Untersuchung ist es, diese Thesen anhand eines geeigneten Untersuchungsgebietes zu diskutieren. Als solches eignete sich das Oderbruch insbesondere, weil es das größte zusammenhängende Siedlungsgebiet auf deutscher Seite darstellt, das unter der Regentschaft Friedrichs des Großen kolonisiert wurde, und seine allmähliche Trockenlegung seit der Mitte des 18. Jh. von intensiven obrigkeitlichen Eingriffen begleitet war. Mit der zusätzlichen Abgrenzung der untersuchten Hausformen auf diejenigen der ländlichen Mittelschicht, d.h. auf die Häuser der Bauern, Fischer und Kossäten, basiert die zentrale stratigrafische Untersuchung des Wandlungsprozesses einerseits auf durch die Autorin selbst erarbeiteter Bauforschung am rezenten Hausbestand und andererseits auf der Auswertung umfangreichen Archivmaterials. Der durch zahlreiche Übergangsformen nachweisbare Prozess der Herausbildung des jüngeren Haustyps aus dem älteren Haustyp heraus widerlegt die bisherige Annahme, dass der Typenwandel lediglich eine Grenzverschiebung zwischen den geografischen Verbreitungsgebieten zweier frühneuzeitlicher Haustypen gewesen sei. Die archivalische Überlieferung zur friderizianischen Kolonisation, zum ländlichen Baugeschehen im ausgehenden 18. und beginnenden 19. Jh. sowie zur obrigkeitlichen Reglementierung des >Unterthanenbauwesens< erbringt den eindeutigen Nachweis, dass weder das Vorbild der Kolonistenhäuser noch irgendeine Form der obrigkeitlichen Einflussnahme für den Wandel vom giebelständigen zum traufständigen Haustyp von Bedeutung waren. Vielmehr erweisen sich die Auswirkungen der Agrarreformen auf die bäuerlichen Betriebe als der ausschlaggebende Faktor für den Typenwandel. Die bisher angewandten Begriffe zur Bezeichnung der Haustypen stellen sich im Ergebnis der Untersuchung nicht nur als irreführend sondern falsch heraus. Die Arbeit eröffnet deshalb eine Debatte zur Neudefinition der Typenbegriffe innerhalb der regionalen Hausforschung. N2 - The paper investigates the influence of the houses of colonists which were built during the Friderician colonization in Oderbruch in the middle of 18th century and the Prussian administrative body on the transformation process of the farmer houses between the years 1753 and 1850. KW - Bauernhaus KW - Oderbruch KW - Hausforschung KW - Bauforschung KW - Brandenburg KW - Preußische Reformen KW - Hausformenwandel KW - friderizianische Kolonisation KW - Kolonistenhäuser KW - Preußen/Oberbaudepartement KW - Preußen/Baupolizei KW - rural houses KW - farmer houses KW - rural arquitecture Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20050509-6663 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lähr, André A1 - Bletzinger, Kai-Uwe T1 - Design of an Analysis Environment for Planning Decision Support N2 - In this contribution, the design of an analysis environment is presented, that supports an analyst to come to a decision within a gradual collaborative planning process. An analyst represents a project manager, planner or any other person, involved in the planning process. Today, planning processes are managed by several geographically distributed planners and project managers. Thus, complexity of such a process rises even more. Prediction of consequences of many planning decisions is not possible, in particular since assessment of a planning advance is not trivial. There have to be considered several viewpoints, that depend on individual perceptions. In the following, methods are presented to realize planning decision support. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Schlussfolgern Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1370 ER -