TY - CHAP A1 - Lömker, Thorsten Michael ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - SOLVING REVITALIZATION-PROBLEMS BY THE USE OF A CONSTRAINT PROGRAMING LANGUAGE N2 - This research focuses on an approach to describe principles in architectural layout planning within the domain of revitalization. With the aid of mathematical rules, which are executed by a computer, solutions to design problems are generated. Provided that "design" is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e. a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution of a problem, an exemplary method will be described to solve such problems in architectural layout planning. To avoid conflicts relating to theoretical subtleness, a customary approach adopted from Operations Research has been chosen in this work. In this approach, design is a synonym for planning, which could be described as a systematic and methodical course of action for the analysis and solution of current or future problems. The planning task is defined as an analysis of a problem with the aim to prepare optimal decisions by the use of mathematical methods. The decision problem of a planning task is represented by an optimization model and the application of an efficient algorithm in order to aid finding one or more solutions to the problem. The basic principle underlying the approach presented herein is the understanding of design in terms of searching for solutions that fulfill specific criteria. This search is executed by the use of a constraint programming language. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29874 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Helbing, D. A1 - Kesting, A. A1 - Treiber, M. A1 - Lämmer, S. A1 - Schönhof, M. ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - DECENTRALIZED APPROACHES TO ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC CONTROL AND AN EXTENDED LEVEL OF SERVICE CONCEPT N2 - Traffic systems are highly complex multi-component systems suffering from instabilities and non-linear dynamics, including chaos. This is caused by the non-linearity of interactions, delays, and fluctuations, which can trigger phenomena such as stop-and-go waves, noise-induced breakdowns, or slower-is-faster effects. The recently upcoming information and communication technologies (ICT) promise new solutions leading from the classical, centralized control to decentralized approaches in the sense of collective (swarm) intelligence and ad hoc networks. An interesting application field is adaptive, self-organized traffic control in urban road networks. We present control principles that allow one to reach a self-organized synchronization of traffic lights. Furthermore, vehicles will become automatic traffic state detection, data management, and communication centers when forming ad hoc networks through inter-vehicle communication (IVC). We discuss the mechanisms and the efficiency of message propagation on freeways by short-range communication. Our main focus is on future adaptive cruise control systems (ACC), which will not only increase the comfort and safety of car passengers, but also enhance the stability of traffic flows and the capacity of the road (“traffic assistance”). We present an automated driving strategy that adapts the operation mode of an ACC system to the autonomously detected, local traffic situation. The impact on the traffic dynamics is investigated by means of a multi-lane microscopic traffic simulation. The simulation scenarios illustrate the efficiency of the proposed driving strategy. Already an ACC equipment level of 10% improves the traffic flow quality and reduces the travel times for the drivers drastically due to delaying or preventing a breakdown of the traffic flow. For the evaluation of the resulting traffic quality, we have recently developed an extended level of service concept (ELOS). We demonstrate our concept on the basis of travel times as the most important variable for a user-oriented quality of service. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29107 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bauer, Marek A1 - Kandler, A. A1 - Weiß, Hendrik ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - MODEL OF TRAM LINE OPERATION N2 - From passenger's perspective punctuality is one of the most important features of trams operations. Unfortunately in most cases this feature is only insufficiently fulfilled. In this paper we present a simulation model for trams operation with special focus on punctuality. The aim is to get a helpful tool for designing time-tables and for analyzing the effects by changing priorities for trams in traffic lights respectively the kind of track separation. A realization of trams operations is assumed to be a sequence of running times between successive stops and times spent by tram at the stops. In this paper the running time is modeled by the sum of its mean value and a zero-mean random variable. With the help of multiple regression we find out that the average running time is a function depending on the length of the sections and the number of intersections. The random component is modeled by a sum of two independent zero-mean random variables. One of these variables describes the disturbance caused by the process of waiting at an intersection and the other the disturbance caused by the process of driving. The time spent at a stop is assumed to be a random variable, too. Its distribution is estimated from given measurements of these stop times for different tram lines in Kraków. Finally a special case of the introduced model is considered and numerical results are presented. This paper is involved with CIVITAS-CARAVEL project: "Clean and better transport in cites". The project has received research funding from the Community's Sixth Framework Programme. The paper reflects only the author's views and the Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29217 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wall, Wolfgang A. A1 - Förster, Christiane A1 - Neumann, Malte A1 - Ramm, Ekkehard ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - ADVANCES IN FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION N2 - For the dynamic behavior of lightweight structures like thin shells and membranes exposed to fluid flow the interaction between the two fields is often essential. Computational fluid-structure interaction provides a tool to predict this interaction and complement or eventually replace expensive experiments. Partitioned analyses techniques enjoy great popularity for the numerical simulation of these interactions. This is due to their computational superiority over simultaneous, i.e. fully coupled monolithic approaches, as they allow the independent use of suitable discretization methods and modular analysis software. We use, for the fluid, GLS stabilized finite elements on a moving domain based on the incompressible instationary Navier-Stokes equations, where the formulation guarantees geometric conservation on the deforming domain. The structure is discretized by nonlinear, three-dimensional shell elements. Commonly used sequential staggered coupling schemes may exhibit instabilities due to the so-called artificial added mass effect. As best remedy to this problem subiterations should be invoked to guarantee kinematic and dynamic continuity across the fluid-structure interface. Since iterative coupling algorithms are computationally very costly, their convergence rate is very decisive for their usability. To ensure and accelerate the convergence of this iteration the updates of the interface position are relaxed. The time dependent, 'optimal' relaxation parameter is determined automatically without any user-input via exploiting a gradient method or applying an Aitken iteration scheme. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29161 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petrova, Lyllia B. ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - STATIC ANALYSIS ON MODELS OF CONTINUOUS ORTHOTROPIC THIN-WALLED PRISMATIC SHELL STRUCTURES N2 - The paper presents a linear static analysis on continuous orthotropic thin-walled shell structures simply supported at the transverse ends with a random deformable contour of the cross section. The external loads can be random as well. The class of this structures involves most of the bridges, scaffold bridges, some roof structures etc. A numerical example of steel continuous structures on five spans with an open contour of the cross-section has been solved. The examination of the structure has used the following two computation models: a prismatic structure consisting of isotropic strips, a plates and ribs, with considering their real interaction, and a smooth orthotropic plate equivalent to the structure in the first model. The displacements and forces of the structure characterizing its stressed and deformed condition have been determined. The results obtained from the two solutions have been analyzed. The study on the structure is made with the force method in combination with the analytical finite strip method (AFSM) in displacements. The basic system is obtained by separating the superstructure from the understructure at the places of intermediate supports and consists of two parts. The first part is a single span thin-walled prismatic shell structure; the second part presents supports (columns, space frames etc.). The connection between the superstructure and intermediate supports is made under random supporting conditions. The forces at the supporting points in the direction of the connections removed are assumed to be the basic unknowns of the force method. The solution of the superstructure has been accomplished by the AFSM in displacements. The structure is divided in only one (transverse) direction into a finite number of plain strips connected to each other in longitudinal linear nodes. The three displacements of the points on the node lines and the rotation around those lines have been assumed to be the basic unknown in each node. The boundary conditions of each strip of the basic system correspond to the simply support along the transverse ends and the restraint along the longitudinal ones. The particular strip of the basic system has been solved by the method of the single trigonometric series. The method is reduced to solving a discrete structure in displacements and restoring its continuity at the places of the sections made in respect to both the displacements and forces. The two parts of the basic system have been solved in sequence under the action of single values of each of the basic unknowns and with the external load. The solution of the support part is accomplished using software for analyzing structures by the FEM. The basic unknown forces have been determined from system of canonic equations, the conditions of the deformations continuity on the places of the removed connections under superstructure and intermediate supports. The final displacements and forces at a random point of a continuous superstructure have been determined using the principle of superposition. The computations have been carried by software developed with Visual Fortran version 5.0 for PC. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-30007 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Skowronek, Marek ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - PROBABILISTIC LIMIT STATE ANALYSIS OF MONUMENTAL STRUCTURE BY MONTE CARLO SIMULATION N2 - The concept is presented of the sensitivity analysis of the limit state of the structure with respect to selected basic variables. The sensitivity is presented in the form of the probability distribution of the limit state of the structure. The analysis is performed by the problem-oriented Monte Carlo simulation procedure. The procedure is based on the problem's definition of the elementary event, as a structural limit state. Thus the sample space consists of limit states of the structure. Defined on the sample space the one-dimensional random multiplier is introduced. This multiplier refers to the dominant basic variable (group of variables) of the problem. Numerical procedure results in the set of random numbers. Normalized relative histogram of this set is an estimator of the PDF of the limit state of the structure. Estimators of reliability, or the probability of failure are statistical characteristics of this histogram. The procedure is illustrated by the example of sensitivity analysis of the serviceability limit state of monumental structure. It is the colonnade of Licheń Basilica, situated in central Poland. Limit state of the structure is examined with reference to the upper deck horizontal deflection. Wind actions are taken as dominant variables. An assumption is made that the wind load intensities acting on the lower and on the upper storey of the colonnade, respectively, are identically distributed, but correlated random variables. Three correlation variants of these variables are considered. Relevant limit state histograms are analysed thereafter. The paper ends with the conclusions referring to the method and some general remarks on the fully probabilistic design. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-30222 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seyler, Steve A1 - Schwarz, W. ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - MODERN PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLES FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATION N2 - Monitoring und Bewertung sind Hauptaufgaben im Management bzw. der Revitalisierung von Bauwerken. Unterschiedliche Verfahren können bei der Akquisition der erforderlichen geometrischen Information, wie z. B. Größe oder Verformung eines Gebäudes, eingesetzt werden. Da das Potenzial der digitalen Fotografie kontinuierlich wächst, stellt die Industriephotogrammetrie heute eine bedeutende Alternative zu den klassischen Verfahren wie Dehnmessstreifen oder anderen taktilen Sensoren dar. Moderne Industriephotogrammetrie erfasst die Bilder mittels digitaler Systeme. Dies bedeutet, dass die Information digitaler Bilder mit Hilfe der digitalen Bildverarbeitung untersucht werden muss, um die Bildkoordinaten der Messpunkte zu erhalten. Eine der Aufgaben der Bildverarbeitung für photogrammetrische Zwecke besteht somit darin, den Mittelpunkt von kreisförmigen Marken zu lokalisieren. Die modernen Operatoren liefern Subpixelgenauigkeit für die Koordinaten des Punktes. Das optische Messverfahren der Industriephotogrammetrie erfordert hinsichtlich der Hardware in erster Linie hochauflösende digitale Kameras. Dabei lassen sich die Kameras in Videokameras, HighSpeed-Kameras, intelligente Kameras sowie so genannte Consumer und Professionelle Kameras unterscheiden. Die geometrische Auflösung digitaler HighEnd-Kameras liegt heute bei über 10 Megapixel. In punkto Datentransfer zum Rechner sind verschiedene Standards am Markt verfügbar, z. B. USB2.0, GigE-Vision, CameraLink oder Firewire. Die Wahl des Standards hängt immer von der spezifischen Aufgabenstellung ab, da keine der Techniken eine führende Position einnimmt. Die moderne Photogrammetrie bietet viele neue Möglichkeiten für das Monitoring und die Bewertung von Bauwerken. Sie kann ein-, zwei-, drei- oder vierdimensionale Informationen liefern, falls erforderlich auch in Echtzeit. Als berührungsloses Messverfahren ist der Einsatz der Photogrammetrie noch möglich, wenn die taktilen Sensoren z. B. aufgrund ihres Platzbedarfes nicht mehr eingesetzt werden können. Hochauflösende Videokameras erlauben es, selbst dynamische Untersuchungen mit großer Präzision durchzuführen. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-30192 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Braunes, Jörg A1 - Donath, Dirk ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - COMPUTERGESTÜTZTE PLANUNG IM BESTAND VON DER DIGITALEN BESTANDSERFASSUNG ZUR PLANUNGSUNTERSTÜTZUNG IM CAAD N2 - Für eine gesicherte Planung im Bestand, sind eine Fülle verschiedenster Informationen zu berücksichtigen, welche oft erst während des Planungs- oder Bauprozesses gewonnen werden. Voraussetzung hierfür bildet immer eine Bestandserfassung. Zwar existieren Computerprogramme zur Unterstützung der Bestandserfassung, allerdings handelt es sich hierbei ausschließlich um Insellösungen. Der Export der aufgenommenen Daten in ein Planungssystem bedingt Informationsverluste. Trotz der potentiellen Möglichkeit aktueller CAAD/BIM Systeme zur Verwaltung von Bestandsdaten, sind diese vorrangig für die Neubauplanung konzipiert. Die durchgängige Bearbeitung von Sanierungsprojekten von der Erfassung des Bestandes über die Entwurfs- und Genehmigungsplanung bis zur Ausführungsplanung innerhalb eines CAAD/BIM Systems wird derzeit nicht adäquat unterstützt. An der Professur Informatik in der Architektur (InfAR) der Fakultät Architektur der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar entstanden im Rahmen des DFG Sonderforschungsbereich 524 "Werkzeuge und Konstruktionen für die Revitalisierung von Bauwerken" in den letzten Jahren Konzepte und Prototypen zur fachlich orientierten Unterstützung der Planung im Bestand. Der Fokus lag dabei in der Erfassung aller planungsrelevanter Bestandsdaten und der Abbildung dieser in einem dynamischen Bauwerksmodell. Aufbauend auf diesen Forschungsarbeiten befasst sich der Artikel mit der kontextbezogenen Weiterverwendung und gezielten Bereitstellung von Bestandsdaten im Prozess des Planens im Bestand und der Integration von Konzepten der planungsrelevanten Bestandserfassung in marktübliche CAAD/BIM Systeme. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29338 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gurtovy, O. G. A1 - Tynchuk, S.O. ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - RESEARCH OF DEFORMATION OF MULTILAYERED PLATES ON UNDEFORMABLE BASIS BY UNFLEXURAL SPECIFIED MODEL N2 - Stress-strain state (SSS) of multilayered plates on undeformable foundation is investigated. The settlement circuit of transverse loaded plate is formed by symmetrical attaching of a plate concerning a surface of contact to the foundation. The plate of the double thickness becomes bilateral symmetrically loaded concerning its median surface. It allows to model only unflexural deformation that reduces amount of unknown and the general order of differentiation of resolving system of the equations. The developed refined continual model takes into account deformations of transverse shear and transverse compression in high iterative approximation. Rigid contact between the foundation and a plate, and also shear without friction on a surface of contact of a plate with the foundation is considered. Calculations confirm efficiency of such approach, allowing to receive decisions which is qualitative and quantitatively close to three-dimensional solutions. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29613 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schleinkofer, Matthias A1 - Schäfer, T. A1 - van Treeck, Christoph A1 - Rank, Ernst ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - VOM LASERSCAN ZUM PLANUNGSTAUGLICHEN PRODUKTMODELL N2 - Im Bereich der Altbausanierung und der Bestandserfassung im Bauwesen ist es häufig notwendig, bestehende Pläne hinsichtlich des Bauwerkszustandes zu aktualisieren oder, wenn diese Pläne nicht (mehr) zugänglich sind, gänzlich neue Planunterlagen des Ist-Zustandes zu erstellen. Ein komfortabler Weg, diese Bauwerksdaten zu erheben, eröffnet die Technologie der Laservermessung. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt in diesem Zusammenhang Ansätze zur Teilautomatisierung der Generierung eines dreidimensionalen Computermodells eines Bauwerkes vor. Als Ergebnis wird ein Volumenmodell bereitgestellt, in dem zunächst die geometrischen und topologischen Informationen über Flächen, Kanten und Punkte im Sinne eines B-rep Modells beschrieben sind. Die Objekte dieses Volumenmodells werden mit Verfahren aus dem Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz analysiert und in Bauteilklassen systematisch kategorisiert. Die Kenntnis der Bauteilsemantik erlaubt es somit, aus den Daten ein Bauwerks-Produktmodell abzuleiten und dieses einzelnen Fachplanern – etwa zur Erstellung eines Energiepasses – zugänglich zu machen. Der Aufsatz zeigt den erfolgreichen Einsatz virtueller neuronaler Netze im Bereich der Bestandserfassung anhand eines komplexen Beispiels. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-30159 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Meis, Jochen ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - SERVICE DESIGN AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT WITH THE SERVICE BLUEPRINTING METHODOLOGY N2 - A new application of software technology is the application area of smart living or sustainable living. Within this area application platforms are designed and realized with the goal to support value added services. In this context value added services integrates microelectronics, home automation and services to enhance the attractiveness of flats, homes and buildings. Especially real estate companies or service providers dealing with home services are interested in an effective design and management of their services. Service Engineering is the approved approach for designing customer oriented service processes. Service engineering consists of several phases; from situation analysis to service creation and service design to service management. This article will describe how the method service blueprint can be used to design service processes. Smart living includes all actions to enlarge a flat to a smart home for living. One special requirement of this application domain is the use of local components (actuators, sensors) within service processes. This article will show how this extended method supports service providers to improve the quality of customer oriented service processes and the derivation of needed interfaces of involved actors. For the civil engineering process it will be possible to derive needed information from a built in home automation system. The aim is to show, how to get needed smart local components to fullfill later offered it-supported value added services. Value added services focused on inhabitants are grouped to consulting and information, care and supervision, leisure time activities, repairs, mobility and delivery, safety and security, supply and disposal. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29908 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ostrowski, M. ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - INTEGRATED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AS A BASIS FOR DECISION MAKING IN WATER MANAGEMENT N2 - Water resources development and management is a complex problem. It includes the design and operation of single system components, often as part of larger interrelated systems and usually on the basis of river basins. While several decades ago the dominant objective was the maximization of economic benefit, other objectives have evolved as part of the sustainable development envisaged. Today, planning and operation of larger water resources systems is practically impossible without adequate computer tools, normally being one or several models, increasingly combined with data bank management systems and multi criteria assessment procedures in decision support systems. The use of models in civil engineering already has a long history when structural engineering is considered. These design support models, however, must rather be seen as expert systems made to support the engineer with his daily work. They often have no direct link to stakeholders and the decision makers community. The scale of investigation is often much larger in water resources engineering than in structural engineering which is related to different stakeholders and decision making procedures. Still, several similarities are obvious which can be summarized as the search for a compromise solution on a complex, i.e. multiobjective and interdisciplinary decision problem. While in structural engineering e.g. aestetics, stability and energy consumption might be important evaluation criteria in addition to construction and maintenance cost other or additional criteria have to be considered in water resources planning such as political, environmental and social criteria. In this respect civil engineers tend to overemphasize technical criteria. For the future the existing expert systems should be embedded into an improved decision support shell, keeping in mind that decision makers are hardly interested in numerical modelling results. The paper will introduce into the problem and demonstrate the state of the art by means of an example. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29979 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Perepelitsa, V. A. A1 - Tebueva, F.B. A1 - Shenkao, Timour ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - SOLVABILITY EXPLORATION OF SEGMENTATION PROBLEM WITH LINEAR CONVOLUTION ALGORITHMS N2 - The paper is dedicated to decidability exploration of market segmentation problem with the help of linear convolution algorithms. Mathematical formulation of this problem represents interval task of bipartite graph cover by stars. Vertices of the first partition correspond to types of commodities, vertices of the second – to customers groups. Appropriate method is offered for interval problem reduction to two-criterion task that has one implemented linear convolution algorithm. Unsolvability with the help of linear convolution algorithm of multicriterion, and consequently interval, market segmentation problem is proved. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29999 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klingert, Maik ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - THE USAGE OF IMAGE PROCESSING METHODS FOR INTERPRETATION OF THERMOGRAPHY DATA N2 - For assessment of old buildings, thermal graphic analysis aided with infra-red camera have been employed in a wide range nowadays. Image processing and evaluation can be economically practicable only if the image evaluation can also be automated to the largest extend. For that reason methods of computer vision are presented in this paper to evaluate thermal images. To detect typical thermal image elements, such as thermal bridges and lintels in thermal images respectively gray value images, methods of digital image processing have been applied, of which numerical procedures are available to transform, modify and encode images. At the same time, image processing can be regarded as a multi-stage process. In order to be able to accomplish the process of image analysis from image formation through perfecting and segmentation to categorization, appropriate functions must be implemented. For this purpose, different measuring procedures and methods for automated detection and evaluation have been tested. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29777 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knauer, Uwe A1 - Dammeier, T. A1 - Meffert, Beate ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - THE STRUCTURE OF ROAD TRAFFIC SCENES AS REVEALED BY UNSUPERVISED ANALYSIS OF THE TIME AVERAGED OPTICAL FLOW N2 - The Lucas-Kanade tracker has proven to be an efficient and accurate method for calculation of the optical flow. However, this algorithm can reliably track only suitable image features like corners and edges. Therefore, the optical flow can only be calculated for a few points in each image, resulting in sparse optical flow fields. Accumulation of these vectors over time is a suitable method to retrieve a dense motion vector field. However, the accumulation process limits application of the proposed method to fixed camera setups. Here, a histogram based approach is favored to allow more than a single typical flow vector per pixel. The resulting vector field can be used to detect roads and prescribed driving directions which constrain object movements. The motion structure can be modeled as a graph. The nodes represent entry and exit points for road users as well as crossings, while the edges represent typical paths. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29780 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Huhnt, Wolfgang A1 - Gielsdorf, F. ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - TOPOLOGICAL INFORMATION AS LEADING INFORMATION IN BUILDING PRODUCT MODELS N2 - Digital models of buildings are widely used in civil engineering. In these models, geometric information is used as leading information. Engineers are used to have geometric information, and, for instance, it is state of the art to specify a point by its three coordinates. However, the traditional approaches have disadvantages. Geometric information is over-determined. Thus, more geometric information is specified and stored than needed. In addition, engineers already deal with topological information. A denotation of objects in buildings is of topological nature. It has to be answered whether approaches where topological information becomes a leading role would be more efficient in civil engineering. This paper presents such an approach. Topological information is modelled independently of geometric information. It is used for denoting the objects of a building. Geometric information is associated to topological information so that geometric information “weights” a topology. The concept presented in this paper has already been used in surveying existing buildings. Experiences in the use of this concept showed that the number of geometric information that is required for a complete specification of a building could be reduced by a factor up to 100. Further research will show how this concept can be used in planning processes. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29110 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stangenberg, Friedhelm ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - LIFETIME ORIENTED DESIGN CONCEPTS UNDER ASPECTS OF DEGRADATION N2 - Optimum technological solutions must take into account the entire life cycle of structures including design procedures as well as quality assurance, inspection, maintenance, and repair strategies. Unfortunately, current design standards do not provide a satisfactory basis to ensure expected structural lifetimes. The latter may vary from only a few years for temporary structures to over a century for bridges, water dams or nuclear repositories. Consistent scientific concepts are urgently required to cover this wide spectrum of lifetimes in structural design and maintenance. This was a motivation for a group of scientists at the Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB) to start a special research program supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Cooperative Research Center SFB 398 since 1996. Institutes of the University Wuppertal and of the University Essen-Duisburg joined the research group. The goal of the Center is to study sources of damage and deterioration in materials and structures, to develop consistent models and simulation methods, to predict structural lifetimes and finally to integrate this predictions into new lifetime-oriented design strategies. Research activities in our center are organised in three Project Groups as follows: - Modelling of lifetime effects - Methods for lifetime-oriented structural analyses - Future lifespan-oriented design strategies. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170328-29154 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Paolucci, Anna Maria A1 - Venturino, Ezio ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND WAVELETS IN DISCRETE BIOMATHEMATICAL MODELS N2 - A discrete ecoepidemiological model is considered. Its dynamics is studied by using wavelet decomposition. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29984 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zolotov, Alexander B. A1 - Akimov, Pavel A1 - Sidorov, Vladimir ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - DISCRETE-CONTINUAL BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES N2 - The aim of this paper is to present so-called discrete-continual boundary element method (DCBEM) of structural analysis. Its field of application comprises buildings constructions, structures and also parts and components for the residential, commercial and un-inhabitant structures with invariability of physical and geometrical parameters in some dimensions. We should mention here in particular such objects as beams, thin-walled bars, strip foundations, plates, shells, deep beams, high-rise buildings, extensional buildings, pipelines, rails, dams and others. DCBEM comes under group of semianalytical methods. Semianalytical formulations are contemporary mathematical models which currently becoming available for realization due to substantial speed-up of computer productivity. DCBEM is based on the theory of the pseudodifferential boundary equations. Corresponding pseudodifferential operators are discretely approximated using Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis. The main DCBEM advantages against the other methods of the numerical analysis is a double reduction in dimension of the problem (discrete numerical division applied not to the full region of the interest but only to the boundary of the region cross section, as a matter of fact one is solving an one-dimensional problem with the finite step on the boundary area of the region), one has opportunities to carrying out very detailed analysis of the specific chosen zones, simplified initial data preparation, simplistic and adaptive algorithms. There are two methods to define and conduct DCBEM analysis developed – indirect (IDCBEM) and direct (DDCBEM), thus indirect like in boundary element method (BEM) applied and used little bit more than direct. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-30419 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kasparek, Eva ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - CONVERGENCE OF A NEW CONSISTENT FOLDED PLATE THEORY N2 - The design of challenging space structures frequently relies on the theory of folded plates. The models are composed of plane facets of which the bending and membrane stiffness are coupled along the folds. In conventional finite element analysis of faceted structures the continuity of the displacement field is enforced exclusively at the nodes. Since approximate solutions for transverse and for in-plane displacements are not members of the same function space, separation occurs in between the common nodes of adjacent elements. It is shown that the kinematic assumptions of Bernoulli are accounted for this incompatibility along the edges in facet models. A general answer to this problem involves substantial modification of plate and membrane theory, but a straight forward formulation can be derived for simply folded plates, structures, whose folds do not intersect. A broad class of faceted structures, including models of various curved shells, belong to this category and can be calculated consistently. The additional requirements to assure continuity concern the mapping of displacement derivatives on the edges. An appropriate finite facet element provides node and edge-oriented degrees of freedom, whose transformation to system degrees of freedom, depends on the geometric configuration at each node. The concept is implemented using conform triangular elements. To evaluate the new approach, the energy norm of representative structures for refined meshes is calculated. The focus is placed on the mathematical convergence towards reliable solutions obtained from finite volume models. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-29724 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER -