TY - CHAP A1 - Masih, Rusk T1 - EFFECT OF DEMOLITION ON REMAINING PART OF CONCRETE BRIDGE NUMERICAL ANALYSIS VS. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS N2 - The US Department of Highways is embarked on a very ambitious program to renovate much of the bridges and highways allover the USA. While it is doing so, it is also trying to take advantage of using such program to enhance the research for future programs. One of those projects is a 1000 ft. (305 m) long concrete bridge in the State of Vermont, located in the North East of USA. It is scheduled for renovation, in which the deck and its side parapet walls will be replaced. New England Transportation Consortium (NETC) decided to make further use of this project to find what effect will the heavy demolition tools have on the concrete to remain in place. The goal is to find out the extent of the experimental measurement agreement with the analytical results. In order to accomplish such a goal, numerous strain gages were installed at and in the vicinity of the demolition areas. Those gages will measure the effect of the demolition on the adjacent areas, and how far the destructive effect of the powerful demolition tools can propagate through different parts of the structure. The gages are connected to National Instruments data acquisition equipment, which is connected to a lap top computer to save all the acquired data. The analytical part the project will be using the energy method, which means that the energy applied by the demolition tools should equal the energy absorbed by the demolished structure, in elastic and plastic deformation forms. KW - Betonbrücke KW - Reparatur KW - Beton KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Mechanische Eigenschaft Y1 - 2000 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-6032 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ebert, Matthias A1 - Bucher, Christian T1 - Modelling of changing of dynamic and static parameters of damaged R/C N2 - Dynamic testing for damage assessment as non-destructive method has attracted growing in-terest for systematic inspections and maintenance of civil engineering structures. In this con-text the paper presents the Stochastic Finite Element (SFE) Modeling of the static and dy-namic results of own four point bending experiments with R/C beams. The beams are dam-aged by an increasing load. Between the load levels the dynamic properties are determined. Calculated stiffness loss factors for the displacements and the natural frequencies show differ-ent histories. A FE Model for the beams is developed with a discrete crack formulation. Cor-related random fields are used for structural parameters stiffness and tension strength. The idea is to simulate different crack evolutions. The beams have the same design parameters, but because of the stochastic material properties their undamaged state isn't yet the same. As the structure is loaded a stochastic first crack occurs on the weakest place of the structure. The further crack evolution is also stochastic. These is a great advantage compared with de-terministic formulations. To reduce the computational effort of the Monte Carlo simulation of this nonlinear problem the Latin-Hypercube sampling technique is applied. From the results functions of mean value and standard deviation of displacements and frequencies are calcu-lated. Compared with the experimental results some qualitative phenomena are good de-scribed by the model. Differences occurs especially in the dynamic behavior of the higher load levels. Aim of the investigations is to assess the possibilities of dynamic testing under consideration of effects from stochastic material properties KW - Stahlbetonbauteil KW - Bruchmechanik KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Statische Last KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Stochastisches Modell Y1 - 2000 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5825 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Christov, Christo T. A1 - Petkov, Zdravko B. T1 - DETERMINATION OF THE DYNAMIC STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR USING ADVANCED ENERGY RELEASE EVALUATION N2 - In this study a simple effective procedure practically based upon the FEM for determination of the dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) depending on the input frequency and using an advanced strain energy release evaluation by the simultaneous release of a set of fictitious nodal spring links near the crack tip is developed and applied. The DSIF is expressed in terms of the released energy per unit crack length. The formulations of the linear fracture mechanics are accepted. This technique is theoretically based upon the eigenvalue problem for assessment of the spring stiffnesses and on the modal decomposition of the crack shape. The inertial effects are included into the released energy. A linear elastic material, time-dependent loading of sine type and steady state response of the structure are assumed. The procedure allows the opening, sliding and mixed modes of the structure fracture to be studied. This rational and powerful technique requires a mesh refinement near the crack tip. A numerical test example of a square notched steel plate under tension is given. Opening mode of fracture is studied only. The DSIF is calculated using a coarse mesh and a single node release for the released energy computation as well a fine mesh and simultaneous release of four links for more accurate values. The results are analyzed. Comparisons with the known exact results from a static loading are presented. Conclusions are derived. The values of the DSIF are significantly larger than the values of the corresponding static SIF. Significant peaks of the DSIF are observed near the natural frequences. This approach is general, practicable, reliable and versatile. KW - Bruchmechanik KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Spannungsintensitätsfaktor KW - Eigenwertproblem Y1 - 2000 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5770 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lizounov, P. P. T1 - Dynamics of solid and deformable Bodies Systems at complex Movements N2 - Analytical models, describing oscillations of systems of interconnected solid and deformable bodies,making a complex movement in fields of inertia forces and gravitation forces, are resulted. Method of numerical investigation of dynamics of the specified systems, based on sharing of parameter prolongation method, Newton-Kantorovich algorithm, Flocke and Liapunov hteories, is developed. On the basis of constructed analytical models and numerical techniques a new, practically important problems of dynamics of systems, consisting of solid bodies, flexible rods, membranes and soft shells, which make a complex movement in fields of forces of inertia and gravity are solved. The received results are used during designing of responsible elements of structures, making a complex movement, which find application in construction and mechanical engineering. KW - Festkörpermechanik KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Numerisches Verfahren Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5410 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melnikov, B. E. A1 - Kadashevich, I. Y. A1 - Semenov, Artem T1 - Damage of Metalworkses under the Complex Varying Loading N2 - The phenomenological and computational aspects of the various damage models applications for the low and multi cyclic fatigue processes are investigated. Damage is considered as internal state variable, describing macroscopic effects of the progressive material degradation, within the framework of continuum damage mechanics. Present analysis is restricted to the case of isotropic damage, which can be modeled by a scalar variable. The strain, force and power types of kinetic equations for the damage evolution description are considered. The original mixed strain-power type damage model is developed for taking into account the different physical fracture mechanism in monotone and cyclic loading. The constitutive equations of plastic flow theory coupled and uncoupled to damage has been considered. The rational algorithm of implementation into finite element code is considered for developed damage models. Set of the computational experiments has been carried out for the various structures (huge aerials, pipelines, fastening units, vessel of nuclear reactor) and cases of loading. The comparison of the predictions of the developed model with experimental data is performed for 1X18H10T steel tubular specimens for complex paths of loading and for complex profiles beams under cyclic loading. Damage field distribution is the basic information for the prediction of crack initiation in structures. The developed method of structural parameter for stress concentration zones is discussed for correcting of crack location. It allows to describe the crack initiation near surface domain as observe in numerous experiments. KW - Stahlkonstruktion KW - Bruchmechanik KW - Dynamische Belastung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5409 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kazakevitch, M. I. A1 - Kulyabko, V. V. A1 - Dubichvost, A. A. T1 - The discrete dynamic Models of the Interaction of complex - composite Structures with the dynamic Loads N2 - In the given paper the generalized formulation of the problem of computer modelling of the complex-composite structure interaction with different types of dynamic loads and effects is discussed. Here the analysis is given as for the usage of some universal computing systems for the solution of such problems. Also if is shown that the quantification of the dynamic models of the complex-composite systems with the variable structure, depending on the character and intensivity of the effects, is necessary. The different variants of the joint and the space structure element modelling are gested. It allows to consider the complex modes of the joint bending-torsional oscillations of such structures as bridges, towers, high-rise buildings. The peculiarities of the modelling and testing of some problems of the objects aerodynamics and the interaction of the frameworks constructions with shock and movable loads are considered. In this paper the examples of the complex-composite structure dynamic analysis are shown. It is achieved by means of some special methods of the input of the real inducements and loads of the exploitated analog-object into the computing model. The suggested models found a wide use both at the design of new structures and the dynamic monitoring of the exploitated structures. KW - Verbundtragwerk KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Wechselwirkung KW - Modellierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5219 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Volkova, Viktorija T1 - The analysis of dynamic behaviour of pre-stressed systems under polyharmonic excitations N2 - Pre-stressed structural elements are widely used in large-span structures. As a rule, they have higher stiffness characteristics. Pre-stressed rods can be applied as girders of different purpose, and as their separate parts, e.g. rods of trusses and frames. Among numerous ways of prestressing the compression of girders, trusses, and frames by tightenings from high-strength materials is under common application. KW - Verkehrsplanung KW - Simulation KW - Baukonstruktion KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Tragwerk / Vorspannung KW - Vorgespannte Konstruktion Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2656 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kang, Shihchung A1 - Miranda, Eduardo T1 - Physics Based Model for Simulating the Dynamics of Tower Cranes N2 - The goal of the research is to increase the understanding of dynamic behaviors during the crane operation, and develops computer-aided methods to improve the training of crane operators. There are approximately 125,000 cranes in operation today in the construction industry, responsible for major portion of erection activities. Unfortunately, many accidents occur every year in the U.S. and other countries related to the operation of cranes in construction sites. For example on November 28, 1989 a tower crane collapse during the construction of a building in San Francisco killing four construction workers, one civilian and injuring 28. According to the statistics from Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA), there were 137 crane-related fatalities from 1992 to 2001 in the US. A well-known internet website that keeps track of crane-related accidents (craneaccidents.com), reports 516 accidents and 277 fatalities from 2000 to 2002. These statistics show that even though many measures have been taken to decrease the number of crane-related accidents (Braam, 2002), the number of crane related accidents is still very large. It is important to recognize that each construction related fatality is not only a great human loss but also increases the costs of insurance, lawsuits, and the construction budget due to delay of a project (Paulson 1992)... KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Turmdrehkran KW - Dynamische Belastung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2409 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ebert, Matthias T1 - Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchung des dynamischen Verhaltens von Stahlbetontragwerken unter Berücksichtigung stochastischer Eigenschaften N2 - Der Zusammenhang zwischen Schädigung und der Veränderung dynamischer und statischer Eigenschaften von Stahlbetonstrukturen wird untersucht. Auf der einen Seite stehen die statischen Lastversuche in Verbindung mit dynamischen Experimenten an Stahlbetonstrukturen (Platten und Balken). Auf der anderen Seite wird für die Balkenstrukturen ein nichtlineares Stochastisches Finite Elemente Modell entwickelt. Dies berücksichtigt zufällige Material- und Festigkeitseigenschaften durch räumlich korrelierte Zufallsfelder. So werden stochastische Rissentwicklungen für den Stahlbeton simuliert. Für die Berechnungen vieler Realisationen und damit verschiedenartige "Lebensgeschichten" einer Struktur wird als Monte Carlo Methode Latin Hypercube Sampling verwendet. Die Auswertung der Strukturantworten für die Lastgeschichte zeigt den Einfluss der zufälligen Eigenschaften auf die Schädigungsentwicklung. Die Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Bewertung und zum zukünftigen Einsatz dynamischer Untersuchungsmethoden im Bauwesen. N2 - The relation between damage and the changing of dynamic and static properties of R/C structures is investigated. On the one side static experiments in relation with dynamic experiments of R/C structures (plates and beams) are performed. On the other side a nonlinear Stochastic Finite Element Model is developed. The model considers stochastic material and strength properties by spatial correlated random fields. So a random crack evolution for the R/C beams are simulated. As Monte Carlo Method Latin Hypercube Sampling is used to calculate a lot of samples and so various "live histories" of the structure. The evaluation of structure response for the load history indicates the influence of stochastic properties on the damage evolution. The work gives a contribution to the assessment and the use of dynamic investigation methods in the future in civil engineering. KW - Stahlbetonkonstruktion KW - Tragverhalten KW - Stochastische Analysis KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Nichtlineare Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Monte-Carlo-Methode KW - reinforced concrete KW - dynamic behavior KW - stochastics KW - nonlinear finite elements KW - Monte Carlo method Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040302-531 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bayer, Veit T1 - Zur Zuverlässigkeitsbeurteilung von Baukonstruktionen unter dynamischen Einwirkungen T1 - On the reliability assessment of building structures subjected to dynamic excitation N2 - Die Arbeit befaßt sich mit varianzmindernden Verfahren zur Monte Carlo Simulation von stochastischen Prozessen, zum Zweck der Zuverlässigkeitsbeurteilung von Baukonstruktionen mit nichtlinearem Systemverhalten. Kap. 2 ist eine Literaturstudie zu varianzmindernden Monte Carlo Methoden. In Kap. 3 wird die Spektrale Darstellung eines stationären, skalaren Gauß - Prozesses hergeleitet. Auf dieser Grundlage werden verschiedene Simulationsmodelle diskutiert. Das in Kap. 4 entwickelte varianzmindernde Simulationsverfahren basiert auf der Spektralen Darstellung. Nach einer ersten Pilotsimulation werden die Frequenzen für die Einführung zufälliger Amplituden bestimmt und deren Parameter angepaßt. Der zweite Lauf erfolgt mit diesen Parametern nach dem Prinzip des Importance Sampling. Das Verfahren wird in Kap. 5 für eine Brücke unter Erdbebenbelastung angewendet. Die Brücke ist mit sog. Hysteretic Devices zur Energiedissipation ausgerüstet. Es werden einerseits die Genauigkeit und Effizienz des Simulationsverfahrens, andererseits die Leistungsfähigkeit der Hysteretic Devices zur Erdbebenertüchtigung von Bauwerken demonstriert. N2 - Main topic is the development of variance–reducing Monte Carlo methods, for the purpose of reliability analyses of engineering structures with nonlinear behaviour. Ch. 2 is a literature survey on variance-reducing Monte Carlo methods. The Spectral Representation of a scalar, stationary Gaussian process is derived in ch. 3. On this basis, two popular simulation methods are discussed. The variance-reducing simulation concept developed in ch. 4 is based on the Spectral Representation. After a first pilot simulation, the frequencies are selected for introduction of amplitudes as random variables. In addition, the parameters of the amplitudes are adapted. This is the basis for the second simulation following the Importance Sampling principle. This simulation concept is utilized for reliability analysis of a bridge subjected to earthquake excitation in ch. 5. The bridge is equipped with Hysteretic Devices for dissipation of energy. The example demonstrates, on one hand, the accuracy and efficiency of the developed simulation method. On the other hand, the effectiveness of Hysteretic Devices for earthquake protection of building structures becomes evident. KW - Baukonstruktion KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Zuverlässigkeit KW - Sicherheitstheorie KW - Erdbeben KW - Probabilistik KW - Brücke KW - Monte-Carlo Simulation KW - reliability assessment KW - earthquake KW - probabilistics KW - bridge KW - Monte Carlo simulation Y1 - 1999 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040205-215 ER - TY - THES A1 - Huth, Olaf T1 - Ein adaptiertes Polyreferenz-Verfahren und seine Anwendung in der Systemidentifikation T1 - An adapted Polyreferenz procedure and its application in the system identification N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit gliedert sich in das Gebiet der Systemidentifikation ein. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Detektion, die Lokalisierung und die Quantifizierung von Systemveränderungen gerichtet. Für diese Ziele werden -basierend auf Schwingungsmessungen- modale Parameter sowie Ein- und Ausgangsgrößen im Frequenzbereich extrahiert. Die in dieser Arbeit entwickelte Adaption des Polyreferenz-Verfahrens beruht auf einer veränderten Bestimmung der Fundamentalmatrix mit Hilfe der verallgemeinerten Singulärwertzerlegung. Eine Vorfilterung, die eine Reduktion der Frequenzanteile im Signal bewirkt, ist dabei Voraussetzung. Diese basiert auf dem Einsatz rekursiver Filtertechiken und der einfachen Singulärwertzerlegung. Als Resultat können modale Parameter auch im Falle, wenn eng benachbarte und verrauschte Signalanteile vorliegen oder nur wenige Mess- und Anregungspunkte zur Verfügung stehen, präzise bestimmt und damit auch sehr geringe Syemveränderungen detektiert werden. Die mit dem adaptierten Polyreferenz-Verfahren extrahierten modalen Parameter werden in der Lokalisierung von Systemveränderungen eingesetzt. Zur Bestimmung modaler Parameter auch an realen Bauwerken wird die Konstruktion eines Impulshammers vorgestellt. Besonderes Gewicht wird dabei auf die Gestaltung des Erregerkraftspektrums gelegt. Die Arbeit enthält eine mögliche Vorgehensweise zum Abgleich von Finite-Elemente Modellen. In vielen praxisnahen Fällen sind weit weniger modale Parameter vorhanden, als freie, zum Abgleich bestimmte Parameter gesucht werden. Das Gleichungssystem ist schlechtgestellt und benötigt eine Regularisierung. Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Korrektur von Rechenmodellen bietet das Projektive Eingangsgrößenverfahren, das auf der Basis unvollständig gemessener Ein- und Ausgangsgrößen arbeitet. In einer Versagenswahrscheinlichkeitsstudie wird die Robustheit des Verfahrens gegenüber! Rauscheinflüssen untersucht N2 - This PhD thesis is related to the field of system identificaton focusing on detection of occurence, localisation and amount assessment of damage. This is done as well by extraction of modal parameters as input- and output residuals from vibration measurements. The presented work describes a developed adaption of the polyreference-procedure. It is based on a determination of the fundamental matrix by using the generalized singular value decomposition. A pre-filtering of the time series which kept the signals in a narrow frequenvy band higly supports this application. Two kinds of filter techniques can be combined: The classical way of recursive filter technique and the tool of the singular value decomposition. Therefore, modal parameters can be determined precisley in different cases if the data are strongly corrupted by noise, only few measuring- and excitation points are available, close-spa! ced frequency parts appear in the signal. This facts allow the detection of small structural changes in dynamic systems. The modal parameters extracted by the adapted polyreference-procedure are applied to localise the damage. For the extraction of modal parameters on real structures the construction of an impact hammer is presented with particular respect to the configuration of the excitation spectra. This work contains a possible way for a finite element model updating. In many relevant cases, if much more free parameters are searched than modal parameters are available, this problem is ill-posed and needs regularisation. The Projective Input Residual Method (PIRM) follows another way to correct computational models. It is operational on the extraction of input- and output residuals. Within a reliability study the robustness of the PIRM against noise influences is investigated. KW - Systemidentifikation KW - Bauwerk KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Technische Überwachung KW - Langzeitverhalten KW - Modale Parameter KW - Schadensdiagnose KW - Schadensanalyse KW - Strukturdynamik KW - structural dynamics KW - system identification KW - modal parameters KW - fault diagnosis Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040202-34 ER -