TY - CHAP A1 - Kang, Julian A1 - Lho, Byeong-Cheol A1 - Kim, Jeong-Hoon T1 - XML-based Vector Graphics: Application for Web-based Design Automation N2 - Most retaining walls and box culverts built for arterial road construction are simple, and the design process of these structures is often repetitive and labor-intensive because they are so similar in structural configuration. Although some integrated design automation systems developed for retaining walls and box culverts have expedited the design process of these structures, the process of collecting and distributing the resultant engineering documents has not been fully integrated with the computer applications. We have been developing a Web-based design automation system to manage the resultant documents as well as to speed up the repetitive design process. Manipulation of engineering drawings in the Web page is one of the critical functions needed for Web-based design automation. eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and XML-based vector graphics are expected to facilitate the representation of engineering drawings in the Web page. In this paper, we present how we used XML and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) to compose engineering drawings and represent them in the Web page. XML Data Island we designed to define drawing components turned out effective in manipulating the engineering drawings in the Web page. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - XML Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1872 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Molkenthin, Frank T1 - Web-based Information Systems: Data Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting for Measurements and Simulations N2 - This paper describes the concept, implementation and application of the Web-based Information System ‘Turtle’ for data monitoring, analysis, reporting and management in engineering projects. The system uses a generalised object-oriented approach for information modelling of physical state variables from measurements and simulations by sets of tensor objects and is implemented platform-independently as a Web application. This leads to a more flexible handling of measurement and simulation information in distributed and interdisciplinary engineering projects based on the concept of information sharing. The potential and advantages of Web-based information systems like ‘Turtle’ are described for one selected application example: a measurement programme dealing with the physical limnology of Lake Constance. KW - Mobile Computing KW - Funknetz KW - Informationssystem KW - World Wide Web Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1184 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Molkenthin, Frank T1 - Web-based Collaborative Engineering based on Information Sharing - HydroWeb: An Education Experiment in the Internet N2 - This paper describes the concept and experiences of the international Open Distance Learning Course ‘HydroWeb’. This course deals with the introduction of Web-based Collaborative Engineering in standard education programmes of water related engineering and civil engineering based on information sharing. Organized under the umbrella of IAHR and ETNET21 this course is collaboration from several universities from all over the world. Started in 1999 the course demonstrates the potential and innovative opportunities of Web-Technology in education, research and engineering: Students from the different partner universities form small distributed teams to solve a given engineering problem in a time window of two weeks. To overcome the spatial distribution the students apply modern Web technology such as video conferencing, application sharing and document management. All results as well as the final reports are presented as Web document on a shared Web-based project platform (http://www.hydro-web.org). Besides the experiences to apply standard Web tools and working methods based on information sharing instead the conventional information exchange in the daily engineering work the students improve their soft skills operate successfully in international and interdisciplinary project environments as part of the ‘Technical Culture’ of nowadays. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Informationsaustausch KW - Internet Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1869 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Portz, Norbert T1 - Was muss eine öffentliche Ausschreibung leisten? N2 - Voraussetzungen einer ordnungsgemäßen Ausschreibung, Beachtung des Vergaberechtssystems, Vergaberecht bei Privatisierungen, Abgrenzung zwischen VOL- und VOF-Verfahren, ordnungsgemäße Schwellenwertermittlung, Finanzierung und Planung, richtige Vergabeart, richtige Leistungs- und Aufgabenbeschreibung, ordnungsgemäße Wertung, Aufhebung der Ausschreibung, ordnungsgemäßer Vergabevermerk KW - Baubetriebslehre KW - Öffentlicher Auftrag / Vergabe KW - Deutschland / Vergabe- und Vertragsordnung für Bauleistungen KW - Ausschreibung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-7175 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bargstädt, Hans-Joachim T1 - Was ist die richtige Systemantwort auf die sich atomisierende Bauwirtschaft? N2 - Nur durch Aufträge entsteht das Potenzial, die hochwertigen und modernen Produkte, Verfahren und Systeme auch erfolgreich und vielfach in die Realität umzusetzen. Deshalb sind auch im traditionellen Bauwesen die Mechanismen des Marketings für die Akquisition zu analysieren und hinterfragt der Verfasser das Bild von Baubetrieben als kompetente Anbieter für alle Phasen des Bauens vom Baustoff bis zur Inbetriebnahme eines schlüsselfertigen Objektes. Systemanbieter bereiten die Basis für eine innovative und vernetzte Arbeitsweise. KW - Baubetriebslehre KW - Marketing KW - Akquisition KW - Bauwirtschaft Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-7161 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Miles, John A1 - Taylor, Mark A1 - Anumba, Chimay T1 - VRML Virtual Worlds - An Alternative to the Desktop Metaphor for GUI's? N2 - Metaphors are commonly used by software developers in the creation of GUI's. This paper looks at the use of multi-user VRML to create virtual metaphors, developing a conceptual design tool that can be used intuitively with little or no training. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Graphische Benutzeroberfläche KW - VRML Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1855 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Katzer, Wolfgang T1 - Virtual Construction for our industry – an advantage now, a necessity soon N2 - Some key facts about the economic environment of construction industry are explained. It is shown that construction industry is very heterogeneous and has changed drastically during the recent years due to a rapidly moving commercial environment. Two examples of todays’s use of virtual construction tools in construction projects are presented. The first example is the document control for a large international project. The second is the application of 4D modelling in the preconstruction phase of a dam project. It is shown that virtual construction, is a major international trend that currently takes up speed. Some generic industry needs for Research and Development which aims at short and medium term results are presented. KW - Konstruktion KW - construction industry Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1573 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Robert-Nicoud, Yvan A1 - Raphael, Benny A1 - Smith, Ian F. C. T1 - Using entropy to maximize the usefulness of data collection N2 - This paper presents a generic methodology for measurement system configuration when the goal is to identify behaviour models that reasonably explain observations. For such tasks, the best measurement system provides maximum separation between candidate models. In this work, the degree of separation between models is measured using Shannon’s Entropy Function. The location and type of measurement devices are chosen such that the entropy of candidate models is greatest. This methodology is tested on a laboratory structure and, to demonstrate generality, an existing fresh water supply network in a city in Switzerland. In both cases, the methodology suggests an appropriate set of sensors for identifying the state of the system. KW - Mobile Computing KW - Funknetz KW - Entropie Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1177 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Parmee, Ian A1 - Abraham, Johnson T1 - User-centric Evolutionary Design Systems - the Visualisation of Emerging Multi-Objective Design Information N2 - The paper describes further developments of the interactive evolutionary design concept relating to the emergence of mutually inclusive regions of high performance design solutions. These solutions are generated from cluster-oriented genetic algorithm (COGAs) output and relate to a number of objectives introduced during the preliminary design of military airframes. The data-mining of multi-objective COGA (moCOGA) output further defines these regions through the application of clustering algorithms, data reduction and variable attribute relevance analyses. A number of visual representations of the COGA output projected onto both variable and objective space are presented. The multi-objective output of the COGA is compared to output from a Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA-II) to illustrate the manner in which moCOGAs can generate good approximations to Pareto frontiers. KW - Konzipieren KW - Bauwerk KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1094 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Garrett, James H. A1 - Akinci, Burcu A1 - Wang, Hongjun T1 - Towards Domain-Oriented Semi-Automated Model Matching for Supporting Data Exchange N2 - The process of matching data represented in two different data models is a longstanding issue in the exchange of data between different software systems. While the traditional manual matching approach cannot meet today’s demands on data exchange, research shows that a fully automated generic approach for model matching is not likely, and generic semi-automated approaches are not easy to implement. In this paper, we present an approach that focuses on matching data models in a specific domain. The approach combines a basic model matching approach and a version matching approach to deduce new matching rules to enable data transfer between two evolving data models. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Datenaustausch Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1324 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Boukamp, Frank A1 - Akinci, Burcu T1 - Towards Automated Defect Detection: Object-oriented Modeling of Construction Specifications N2 - This paper describes an ongoing research on the representation and reasoning about construction specifications, which is part of a bigger research project that aims at developing a formalism for automating the identification of deviations and defects on construction sites. We specifically describe the requirements on product and process models and an approach for representing and reasoning about construction specifications to enable automated detection and assessment of construction deviations and defects. This research builds on the previous research on modeling design specifications and extends and elaborates concept of contexts developed in that domain. The paper provides an overview of how the construction specifications are being modele d in this research and points out future steps that need to be accomplished to develop the envisioned automated deviation and defect detection system. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Modellierung KW - Norm Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1315 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ward, Michael A1 - Thorpe, Tony A1 - Price, Andrew T1 - The Re-use of Site Data to Inform Business Processes N2 - The increased implementation of site data capture technologies invariably results in an increase in data warehousing and database technologies to store captured data. However, restricted use of data beyond the initial application could potentially result in a loss of understanding of site processes. This could in turn lead to poor decision making at production, tactical and strategic levels. Concrete usage data have been collected from two piling processes. These data have been analysed and the results highlighted potential improvements that could be made to existing site management and estimating processes. A cost benefit analysis has been used to support decision making at the strategic level where the identified improvements require capital expenditure. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Baustelle KW - Controlling Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1308 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petzold, Frank A1 - Donath, Dirk T1 - The building as a container of information : the starting point for project development and design formulation N2 - For planning in existing built contexts, the building survey is the starting point for initial planning proposals, for the diagnosis and documentation of building damages, for the creation of objectives catalogues, for the detailed design of renovation and conversion measures and for ensuring fulfilment of building legislation, particularly by change of use and refitting. An examination of currently available IT-tools shows insufficient support for planning within existing contexts, most notably a deficit with regard to information capture and administration. This paper discusses the concept for a modular surveying system (basic concept, separation of geometry from semantic data, and separation into sub-systems) and the prototypical realisation of a system for the complete support of the entire building surveying process for existing buildings. The project aims to contribute to the development of a planning system for existing buildings. ... KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Lebenszyklus KW - Bauwerk Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1848 ER - TY - CHAP ED - Professur Baubetrieb und Bauverfahren, T1 - Tag des Baubetriebs 2004 - Tagungsbeiträge "Planungshaftung in der Bauausführung" N2 - Beiträge zum Tag des Baubetriebs „Planungshaftung in der Bauausführung“ am 16 März 2004 in Weimar der Professur für Baubetrieb und Bauverfahren an der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar. T3 - Schriften der Professur Baubetrieb und Bauverfahren - 06 KW - Weimar / Bauhaus-Universität / Professur Baubetrieb und Bauverfahren KW - Bauausführung KW - Planungshaftung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20081126-14490 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bürgy, Christian A1 - Garrett, James H. T1 - Supporting Domain Experts in Determining Viable User Interface Designs for Wearable Computers Used in AEC Work Situations N2 - The design of mobile IT systems, especially the design of wearable computer systems, is a complex task that requires computer science knowledge, such as that related to hardware configuration and software development, in addition to knowledge of the domain in which the system is intended to be used. Particularly in the AEC sector, it is necessary that the support from mobile information technology fit the work situation at hand. Ideally, the domain expert alone can adjust the wearable computer system to achieve this fit without having to consult IT experts. In this paper, we describe a model that helps in transferring existing design knowledge from non-AEC domains to new projects in the construction area. The base for this is a model and a methodology that describes the usage scenarios of said computer systems in an application-neutral and domain-independent way. Thus, the actual design information and experience will be transferable between different applications and domains. KW - Mobile Computing KW - Funknetz KW - Benutzeroberfläche KW - Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1168 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Alda, Sascha A1 - Cremers, Armin B. A1 - Bilek, Jochen T1 - Support of Collaborative Structural Design Processes through the Integration of Peer-to-Peer and Multiagent Architectures N2 - Structural engineering projects are increasingly organized in networked cooperations due to a permanently enlarged competition pressure and a high degree of complexity while performing the concurrent design activities. Software that intends to support such collaborative structural design processes implicates enormous requirements. In the course of our common research work, we analyzed the pros and cons of the application of both the peer-to-peer (University of Bonn) and multiagent architecture style (University of Bochum) within the field of collaborative structural design. In this paper, we join the benefits of both architecture styles in an integrated conceptual approach. We demonstrate the surplus value of the integrated multiagent–peer-to-peer approach by means of an example scenario in which several structural engineers are co-operatively designing the basic structural elements of an arched bridge, applying heterogeneous CAD systems. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Mehragentensystem Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1481 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Xie, Haiyan A1 - Issa, Raja A1 - O'Brien, William T1 - Structure of a Formal User Model for Construction Information Retrieval N2 - Information science researchers and developers have spent many years addressing the problem of retrieving the exact information needed and using it for analysis purposes. In informationseeking dialogues, the user, i.e. construction project manager or supplier, often asks questions about specific aspects of the tasks they want to perform. But most of the time it is difficult for the software systems to unambiguously understand their overall intentions. The existence of information tunnels (Tannenbaum 2002) aggravates this phenomenon. This study includes a detailed case study of the material management process in the construction industry. Based on this case study, the structure of a formal user model for information retrieval in construction management is proposed. This prototype user model will be incorporated into the system design for construction information management and retrieval. This information retrieval system is a user-centered product based on the development of a user configurable visitor mechanism for managing and retrieving project information without worrying too much about the underlying data structure of the database system. An executable UML model combined with OODB is used to reduce the ambiguity in the user's intentions and to achieve user satisfaction. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Benutzeroberfläche Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1296 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - König, Markus A1 - Klinger, Axel A1 - Berkhahn, Volker T1 - Structural Correctness of Planning Processes in Building Engineering N2 - The planning of projects in building engineering is a complex process which is characterized by a dynamical composition and many modifications during the definition and execution time of processes. For a computer-aided and network-based cooperation a formal description of the planning process is necessary. In the research project “Relational Process Modelling in Cooperative Building Planning” a process model is described by three parts: an organizational structure with participants, a building structure with states and a process structure with activities. This research project is part of the priority program 1103 “Network-Based Cooperative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Planning processes in civil engineering can be described by workflow graphs. The process structure describes the logical planning process and can be formally defined by a bipartite graph. This structure consists of activities, transitions and relationships between activities and transitions. In order to minimize errors at execution time of a planning process a consistent and structurally correct process model must be guaranteed. This contribution considers the concept and the algorithms for checking the consistency and the correctness of the process structure. KW - Baubetrieb KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren KW - Planungsprozess KW - Konsistenz Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1690 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Perevalova, Julia A1 - Pahl, Peter Jan T1 - Structural and Functional Dependence of Objects in Data Bases N2 - Let the information of a civil engineering application be decomposed into objects of a given set of classes. Then the set of objects forms the data base of the application. The objects contain attributes and methods. Properties of the objects are stored in the attributes. Algorithms which the objects perform are implemented in the methods of the objects. If objects are modified by a user, the consistency of data in the base is destroyed. The data base must be modified in an update to restore its consistency. The sequence of the update operations is not arbitrary, but is governed by dependence between the objects. The situation can be described mathematically with graph theory. The available algorithms for the determination of the update sequence are not suitable when the data base is large. A new update algorithm for large data bases has been developed and is presented in this paper. KW - Baubetrieb KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren KW - Objektorientierung KW - Datenbank Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1683 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Changwan, Kim A1 - Haas, Carl A1 - Caldas, Carlos T1 - Spatial data acquisition, integration, and modeling for real-time project life-cycle applications N2 - Current methods for site modeling employs expensive laser range scanners that produce dense point clouds which require hours or days of post-processing to arrive at a finished model. While these methods produce very detailed models of the scanned scene, useful for obtaining as-built drawings of existing structures, the associated computational time burden precludes the methods from being used onsite for real-time decision-making. Moreover, in many project life-cycle applications, detailed models of objects are not needed. Results of earlier research conducted by the authors demonstrated novel, highly economical methods that reduce data acquisition time and the need for computationally intensive processing. These methods enable complete local area modeling in the order of a minute, and with sufficient accuracy for applications such as advanced equipment control, simple as-built site modeling, and real-time safety monitoring for construction equipment. This paper describes a research project that is investigating novel ways of acquiring, integrating, modeling, and analyzing project site spatial data that do not rely on dense, expensive laser scanning technology and that enable scalability and robustness for real-time, field deployment. Algorithms and methods for modeling objects of simple geometric shape (geometric primitives from a limited number of range points, as well as methods provide a foundation for further development required to address more complex site situations, especially if dynamic site information (motion of personnel and equipment). Field experiments are being conducted to establish performance parameters and validation for the proposed methods and models. Initial experimental work has demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Echtzeitsystem KW - Lebenszyklus Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1280 ER -