TY - CHAP A1 - Rueppel, Uwe A1 - Meißner, Udo F. A1 - Greb, Steffen T1 - A Petri Net based Method for Distributed Process Modelling in Structural Engineering N2 - The contribution introduces a method for the distributed process modelling in order to support the process orientation in Structural Engineering, i.e., the modelling, analysis and management of planning processes. The approach is based on the Petri Net theory for the modelling of planning processes and workflows in Structural Engineering. Firstly, a central and coarse process model serves as a pre-structuring system for the detailed modelling of the technical planning activities. Secondly, the involved planning participants generate distributed process models with detailed technical workflow information. Finally, these distributed process models will be combined in the central workflow net. The final net is of great importance for the process orientation in Structural Engineering, i.e., the identification, publication, analysis, optimization and finally the management of planning processes. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Petri-Netz Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1338 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kitagawa, Estuji A1 - Tanaka, Shigenori A1 - Furuta, Hitoshi T1 - A research about the automatic construction of Web/3D model house from 2D digital pictures N2 - In recent years, the survey is performed for repair, such as a bridge and a building built in past, spending great expense. And it is anxious for the survey technique that doesn’t need cost and time more. Then, we made an idea of the technique of precise 3D model creation by 2D pictures. However, the technique of performing the improvement in accuracy of convergent photographing and automatic acquisition of corresponding points was not established. Therefore, in this research, we try to obtain a semi-automation of corresponding points acquisition from initial corresponding points and the improvement in accuracy of convergent photographing. Moreover, we applied the research to the used house of Japanese real estate, and the applicable field was selected as the high needs of the residence of 3D model. And we developed the system that everyone could create Web / 3D model house by VRML easily without requiring expensive apparatuses or expertise. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Dreidimensionales CAD Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1702 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jianping, Zhang A1 - Dongping, Xiang A1 - Zhiliang, Ma T1 - A survey on application of information technologies in Chinese construction industry N2 - The construction industry is a supportive industry in China. IT (information technolgy), including computer technology and communication technology, as a whole is regarded as the most important means to upgrade the construction industry so that research projects were organized by Chinese government to further the application of IT in the construction industry. This study originated from one of the projects and is aimed at grasping the general situation on the application of IT in the construction industry. A questionnaire was designed for the survey, which used stratified proportional sampling method, and was carried out under the help of a government agency. This study can not only provide sound foundation for the government to make relative policies, but also reveal references for the firms in construction industry to apply IT in their business. This paper presents the preliminary result of the survey. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - China Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1717 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thurow, Torsten A1 - Donath, Dirk T1 - A vision of an adaptive geometry model for computer-assisted building surveying N2 - The paper describes a concept for the step-by-step computer-aided capture and representation of geometric building data in the context of planning-oriented building surveying. Selected aspects of the concept have been implemented and tested as prototypes. The process of step-by-step capture and representation is determined by the order in which the user experiences the building. Only the information that the user knows (can see) or can reasonably deduce is represented. In addition approaches to the flexible combination of different measuring techniques and geometric abstractions are described which are based upon geodetic computational adjustment. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Bauaufnahme Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1722 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Olivier, A. H. T1 - An application-centred framework for distributed engineering applications N2 - The conceptual structure of an application that can support the structural analysis task in a distributed collaboratory is described in (van Rooyen and Olivier 2004). The application described there has a standalone component for executing the finite element method on a local workstation in the absence of network access. This application is comparable to current, local workstation based finite element packages. However, it differs fundamentally from standard packages since the application itself, and its objects, are adapted to support distributed execution of the analysis task. Basic aspects of an object-oriented framework for the development of applications which can be used in similar distributed collaboratories are described in this paper. An important feature of this framework is its application-centred design. This means that an application can contain any number of engineering models, where the models are formed by the collection of objects according to semantic views within the application. This is achieved through very flexible classes Application and Model, which are described in detail. The advantages of the application-centred design approach is demonstrated with reference to the design of steel structures, where the finite element analysis model, member design model and connection design model interact to provide the required functionality. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Framework Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1353 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - O'Brien, William A1 - El-Mashaleh, Mohammad T1 - An Empirical Study Relating Construction Firm Performance and IT Utilization N2 - This paper examines the impact of information technology (IT) utilization on construction firm performance. Based on empirical data collected from 74 US construction firms, the analyses provide evidence that IT has a positive impact on overall firm performance, schedule performance, and cost performance. Firm performance is a composite score of several metrics of performance: schedule performance, cost performance, customer satisfaction, safety performance, and profit. No relationship is found between IT utilization and customer satisfaction, safety, or profit, although this may be due to limitations of the study given strong correlations between IT utilization and cost and schedule performnance. The empirical evidence of positive association between performance and IT use provided by this research is significant to both construction practice and research literature. This evidence should encourage firms to adopt and invest in IT tools. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Informationstechnik KW - Unternehmen Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1739 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Ulrich C. T1 - Collaboration in AEC Design : Web-enabling Applications using Peer-to-Peer Office Communicator N2 - A market analysis conducted by Gartner Dataquest in August 2001 has shown the typical characteristics of the AEC design process. High volatility in membership of AEC design groups and members dispersed over several external offices is the common collaboration scenario. Membership is most times short lived, compared to the overall duration of the process. A technical solution has to take that into account by making joining and leaving a collaborative work group very easy. The modelling of roles of collaboration between group members must be based on a commonly understood principle like the publisher / subscriber model, where the individual that is responsible for the distribution of vital information is clear. Security issues and trust in the confidentiality of the system is a central concern for the acceptance of the system. Therefore, keeping the subset of data that will be published under the absolute control of the publisher is a must. This is not the case with server-based scenarios, sometimes even due to psychological reasons. A loosely bound Peer-to-Peer network offers advantages over a server-based solution, because of less administrative overhead and simple installation procedures. In a peer-to-peer environment, a publish/subscribe role model can be more easily implemented. The publish/subscribe model matches the way AEC processes are modelled in real world scenarios today, where legal proof of information exchange between external offices is of high importance. Workflow management systems for small to midsize companies of the AEC industry may adopt the peer-to-peer approach to collaboration in the future. Further investigations are being made on the research level (WINDS) by integrating the viewer and redlining application Collaborate! into a collaborative environment. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Kommunikationsmodell Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1386 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Miles, John A1 - Joita, Liviu A1 - Burnap, Peter T1 - Collaborative Engineering: Virtual Teams in a Grid Environment Supporting Consortia in the Construction Industry N2 - In the AEC (Architecture / Engineering / Construction) industry a number of individuals and organisations collaborate and work jointly on a construction project. The resulting consortium has large pool of expertise and experience and can be defined as a Virtual Organisation (VO) formed for the duration of the project. VOs are electronically networked organisations where IT and web based communication technology play an important role in coordinating various activities of these organisations. This paper describes the design, development and implementation of a Grid enabled application called the Product Supplier Catalogue Database (PSCD) which supports collaborative working in consortia. As part of the Grid-enabling process, specialised metadata is being developed to enable PSCD to effectively utilise Grid middleware such as Globus and Java CoG toolkits. We also describe our experience whilst designing, developing and deploying the security service of the application using the Globus Security Interface (GSI). KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Projektmanagement Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1362 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hauschild, Thomas T1 - Computer Supported Cooperative Work-Applikationen in der Bauwerksplanung auf Basis einer integrierten Bauwerksmodellverwaltung T1 - Computer Supported Cooperative Work Applications for the Design of Buildings based on an integrated Building Model Management N2 - Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Konzeption und prototypische Umsetzung von Techniken des Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) im Rahmen einer integrierten objektorientierten und dynamischen Bauwerksmodellverwaltung zur Unterstützung der Bauwerksplanung. Die Planung von Bauwerken ist durch einen hohen Grad an Arbeitsteiligkeit, aber auch durch eine schwache Strukturierung der ablaufenden Prozesse gekennzeichnet. Besonders durch den Unikatcharakter des Planungsgegenstands \'Bauwerk\' ergeben sich signifikante Unterschiede zum Entwurf anderer, durch Serienfertigung produzierter Industriegüter. Zunehmend wird die Planung von Bauwerken in Virtual Enterprises ausgeführt, die sich durch eine dynamische Organisationsstruktur, geographische Verteilung der Partner, schwer normierbare Informationsflüsse und eine häufig stark heterogene informationstechnische Infrastruktur auszeichnen. Zur rechnerinternen Repräsent! ation des Planungsgegenstands haben sich objektorientierte Bauwerksmodelle bewährt. Aufgrund der Veränderlichkeit der Bauwerke und deren rechnerinterner Repräsentation im Laufe des Bauwerkslebenszyklus ist eine dynamische Anpassung der Modelle unumgänglich. Derartige in Form von Taxonomien dargestellte dynamische Bauwerksmodellstrukturen können gemeinsam mit den in Instanzform vorliegenden konkreten Projektinformationen in entsprechenden Modellverwaltungssystemen (MVS) gehandhabt werden. Dabei wird aufgrund der Spezialisierung und Arbeitsteilung im Planungsprozess von einer inhaltlich verknüpften Partialmodellstruktur, die räumlich verteilt sein kann, ausgegangen. Die vorgeschlagenen Methoden zur Koordinierung der Teamarbeit in der Bauwerksplanung beruhen auf der Nutzung von CSCW–Techniken für \'Gemeinsame Informationsräume\' und \'Workgroup Computing\', die im Kontext der als Integrationsbasis fungierenden Modellverwaltungssysteme umgesetzt werden. Dazu werden die zur d! ynamischen Bauwerksmodellierung erforderlichen Metaebenenfunk! tionalitäten sowie Ansätze zur Implementierung von Modellverwaltungskernen systematisiert. Ebenso werden notwendige Basistechniken für die Realisierung von MVS untersucht und eine Architektur zur rollenspezifischen Präsentation dynamischer Modellinhalte vorgestellt. Da klassische Schichtenmodelle nicht auf die Verhältnisse in Virtual Enterprises angewendet werden können, wird eine physische Systemarchitektur mit einem zentralen Projektserver, Domänenservern und Domänenclients vorgestellt. Ebenso werden Techniken zur Sicherung des autorisierten Zugriffs sowie des Dokumentencharakters beschrieben. Zur Unterstützung der asynchronen Phasen der Kooperation wird der gemeinsame Informationsraum durch Mappingtechniken zur Propagation und Notifikation von Änderungsdaten bezüglich relevanter Modellinformationen ergänzt. Zur Unterstützung synchroner Phasen werden Techniken zur Schaffung eines gemeinsamen Kontexts durch relaxierte WYSIWIS–Präsentationen auf Basis der Modellinformationen! verbunden mit Telepresence–Techniken vorgestellt. Weiterhin werden Methoden zur Sicherung der Group–Awareness für alle Kooperationsphasen betrachtet. N2 - The thesis covers the conceptual design and the prototypical realisation of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)– techniques within the scope of an integrated, object-oriented, dynamic model management system for the support of building planning activities. The planning of buildings is characterised by a high degree of collaboration but by a weak structuring of the processes, too. Significant differences between the design of buildings and industrial goods produced by series production are implied by the uniqueness of a building. Increasingly, the planning of buildings is accomplished by Virtual Enterprises. These are characterised by a dynamic organisation structure, geographic dispersion of the involved planning experts, information flows, which are hard to standardise, and a frequently very heterogeneous information-technology infrastructure. Object oriented building models have proven to be a suitable base for! the binary representation of planning subject information. Due to the changeability of both building structures and their binary representation during the building life cycle, a dynamical adaptation of the models is indispensable. Dynamic building models, which are represented by taxonomic information, can be handled together with actual project information, which is stored in taxonomy instances within an appropriate model management system. Due to the specialisation and the division of labour in the planning process, a semantic linked but spatial distributed partial model structure is applied. The recommended methods for the coordination of teamwork in the planning process are based on the application of CSCW-techniques for \'Shared Information Spaces\' and \'Workgroup Computing\' in the context of model management systems acting as an foundation for planning information integration. The required meta level functionalities for dynamic building modelling and appropriate! implementation approaches for modelling kernels are systemat! ised. The necessary base techniques for the realisation of model management systems are explored. An architecture for the role specific presentation of dynamic model content is introduced, too. Due to the inadequacy of conventional multi-tier models for an application in Virtual Enterprises, an appropriate physical system architecture with a central project server, domain servers and domain clients is introduced. The thesis covers techniques, which ensure the authorised access to information and the authenticity of planning documents, too. For an adequate support of the asynchronous phases of collaboration, the Shared Information Space is supplied with mapping mechanisms for the propagation and user notification of changes in the relevant planning information. Synchronous collaboration can be performed by means of relaxed WYSIWIS-presentations connected with telepresence mechanisms in order to create a shared context for the planners. Furthermore, methods for the provis! ion of group-awareness for all co-operation phases are treated. KW - Computer Supported Cooperative Work KW - Groupware KW - Bauwerk KW - Modellierung KW - Virtuelles Unternehmen KW - Verteiltes System KW - Domänenmodelle KW - Kooperatives Arbeiten KW - CSCW KW - Dynamische Modellverwaltungssysteme KW - Dynamische Schemaevolution KW - Building Modelling KW - Domain Models KW - Co-operative Work KW - Dynamic Model Management Systems KW - Dynamic Schema Evolution Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040311-672 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lähr, André A1 - Bletzinger, Kai-Uwe T1 - Design of an Analysis Environment for Planning Decision Support N2 - In this contribution, the design of an analysis environment is presented, that supports an analyst to come to a decision within a gradual collaborative planning process. An analyst represents a project manager, planner or any other person, involved in the planning process. Today, planning processes are managed by several geographically distributed planners and project managers. Thus, complexity of such a process rises even more. Prediction of consequences of many planning decisions is not possible, in particular since assessment of a planning advance is not trivial. There have to be considered several viewpoints, that depend on individual perceptions. In the following, methods are presented to realize planning decision support. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Schlussfolgern Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1370 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tsou, Jin-Yeu A1 - Lam, Selina A1 - Wong, Wing Kin Gary T1 - Design of Rapidly Assembled Isolation Patient Ward – IT-Supported Collaborative Design Process between Architects and Medical Officers N2 - An important feature of the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada, Singapore, and Hong Kong was that many health care workers (HCWs) developed SARS after caring for patients with SARS. This has been ascribed to inadequate or ineffective patient isolation. However, it is difficult for dense cities to provide sufficient isolation facilities within a short period of time. This has raised concerns from the public for new strategies in the planning and design of isolation facilities. Considering that SARS or other infectious diseases could seriously damage our society’s development, isolation facilities that could be rapidly and economically constructed with appropriate environmental controls are essential. For this reason, the design team of the Department of Architecture collaborated with a special task force from the Faculty of Medicine, who are the frontline medical officers treating the SARS patients, to design Rapidly Assembled Isolation Patient Wards. Both architecture and medicine are well established disciplines, but they have little in common in terms of the mode of knowledge construction and practice. This induced much intellectual exploration and research interest in conducting this study. The process has provided an important reference for cross disciplinary studies between the architectural and medical domains. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Krankenhaus KW - SARS Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1748 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Yahiaoui, Azzedine A1 - Hensen, Jan A1 - Soethout, Luc T1 - Developing CORBA-based distributed control and building performance environments by run-time coupling N2 - Communication software and distributed applications for control and building performance simulation software must be reliable, efficient, flexible, and reusable. This paper reports on progress of a project, which aims to achieve better integrated building and systems control modeling in building performance simulation by run-time coupling of distributed computer programs. These requirements motivate the use of the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), which offers sufficient advantage than communication within simple abstraction. However, set up highly available applications with CORBA is hard. Neither control modeling software nor building performance environments have simple interface with CORBA objects. Therefore, this paper describes an architectural solution to distributed control and building performance software tools with CORBA objects. Then, it explains how much the developement of CORBA based distributed building control simulation applications is difficult. The paper finishes by giving some recommendations. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - CORBA Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1347 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - El-Rayes, Khaled A1 - Kandil, Amr T1 - Distributed Computing for the Optimization of Large-Scale Construction Projects N2 - Available construction time-cost trade-off analysis models can be used to generate trade-offs between these two important objectives, however, their application is limited in large-scale construction projects due to their impractical computational requirements. This paper presents the development of a scalable and multi-objective genetic algorithm that provides the capability of simultaneously optimizing construction time and cost large-scale construction projects. The genetic algorithm was implemented in a distributed computing environment that utilizes a recent standard for parallel and distributed programming called the message passing interface (MPI). The performance of the model is evaluated using a set of measures of performance and the results demonstrate the capability of the present model in significantly reducing the computational time required to optimize large-scale construction projects. KW - Baubetrieb KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planung KW - Großbaustelle KW - Optimal Planning Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1601 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wellmann Jelic, Andres A1 - Baitsch, Matthias A1 - Hartmann, Dietrich T1 - Distributed computing of failure probabilities for structures in civil engineering N2 - In this contribution the software design and implementation of an analysis server for the computation of failure probabilities in structural engineering is presented. The structures considered are described in terms of an equivalent Finite Element model, the stochastic properties, like e.g. the scatter of the material behavior or the incoming load, are represented using suitable random variables. Within the software framework, a Client-Server-Architecture has been implemented, employing the middleware CORBA for the communication between the distributed modules. The analysis server offers the possibility to compute failure probabilities for stochastically defined structures. Therefore, several different approximation (FORM, SORM) and simulation methods (Monte Carlo Simulation and Importance Sampling) have been implemented. This paper closes in showing several examples computed on the analysis server. KW - Konzipieren KW - Bauwerk KW - Verteiltes System KW - Fehler KW - Stochastik Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1030 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Semenov, Vitaly A1 - Bazhan, Andrew A1 - Morozov, Sergey T1 - Distributed STEP-Compliant Platform for Multimodal Collaboration in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction N2 - This paper presents an innovative software platform OpenSTEP intended to build advanced distributed integrated systems and to conduct multidisciplinary collaborative projects in both academy and industry. The paper discusses an open system architecture, methodology, component library and CASE toolkit enabling the developers to build a wide range of interoperable applications and systems compliant with STEP and, particularly, with IFC becoming the increasingly important standard for information integration in architecture, engineering and construction. KW - Framework KW - API KW - STEP KW - Verteiltes System Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2616 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert A1 - Baumhauer, Andreas A1 - Ionita, Mihai T1 - Increasing the Reliability and Performance through Automatization and Parallel Working N2 - Re-examination of the behaviour of structures can be necessary due to deterioration or changes in the traffic situation during their lifetime. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is widely used in order to accomplish numerical analysis. Considering the development of computer performance, more detailed FEM models can be analyzed, even on site, with mobile computers. To compensate the increasing amount of data needed for the model input, measures need to be taken to save time, by distributing the work. In order to provide consistency to the model, fedback data must be checked upon reception. A local wireless computer network of ultra-portable devices linked together with a computer can provide the coordination necessary for efficient parallel working. Based on a digital model consisting of all data gathered, structural modelling and numerical analysis are performed automatically. Thus, the user is released from the work that can be automatized and the time needed for the overall analysis of a structure is decreased. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Parallelverarbeitung KW - Simulation Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1397 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rodriguez, Adhamina T1 - Information Exchange in The Construction Industry : The Particular Case of Green Buildings N2 - Construction is a conservative industry that over the last twenty ye ars has experienced drastic changes in the way that interdisciplinary teams interact to design and execute a project. In this article we offer a general overview of how the main participants cooperate in the different phases of a construction project, and which are some of the main areas for communication improvement. We also explore the communication tools used in the exchange of information, and identify the main causes of information breakdown. The general framework of this study is of application to both standard and green projects. At the end of the article we discuss the peculiarities of green buildings. Our goal is to offer a series of industry insights derived from the perspective of a general contractor aimed at identifying the areas where contributions in computing and information exchange could have a greater impact on the successful completion of a project. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Informationsaustausch Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1757 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petersen, Michael A1 - Diaz, Joaquin T1 - Integrated planning of buildings based on computer models in project communication systems N2 - The increasing demands in building and civil engineering – with regard to the growing amount of legal requirements and the needs of a flexible usage of the building - requires an optimisation of all processes during the planning and construction phases. This aim can be only reached by transferring of innovative information and communication technologies in the field of cooperation of all partners in a building project. In this article the enhancement of the existing planning processes based on an improved information management is introduced. Since the late 90ies the availability of hardware and software infrastructures for a networkbased cooperation, e.g. email, in small and middle-sized companies increased the problems of an unstructured communication in the planning and construction processes. These problems have not been solved by the usage of the upcoming project communication systems either, which are often used as a simple medium for data transfer. Because of the easy way of distributing documents to all planning partners a huge amount of files and subsequent versions can be stored so that the planners often have to scope with an information overflow. The underlying hierarchical structures based on simple files stored in tree views are not sufficient for an adequate representation of the different specific views of the planners and the management of relationships between the three information domains building structure, costs and time schedules. .. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Integrierte Planung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1762 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hauschild, Thomas A1 - Borrmann, André A1 - Hübler, Reinhard T1 - Integration of Constraints into Digital Building Models for Cooperative Planning Processes N2 - The uniqueness and the long life cycle of buildings imply a dynamically modifiable building model. The technological foundation for the management of digital building models, a dynamic model management system (MMS), developed by our research group, allows to explicitly access and to modify the object model of the stored planning data. In this paper, the integration of constraints in digital building models will be shown. Constraints are conditions, which apply to the instances of domain model classes, and are defined by the user at runtime of the information system. For the expression of constraints, the Constraint Modelling Language (CML) has been developed and will be described in this paper. CML is a powerful, intuitively usable object-oriented language, which allows the expression of constraints at a high semantic level. A constrained-enabled MMS can verify, whether an instance fulfils the applying constraints. To ensure flexibility, the evaluation of constraints is not implicitly performed by the systems, but explicitly initiated by the user. A classification of constraint types and example usage scenarios are given. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Constraint KW - Modellierung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1775 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Dietrich A1 - Meißner, Udo F. A1 - Rueppel, Uwe T1 - Integration of Productmodel Databases into Multi-Agent Systems N2 - This paper deals with two different agent-based approaches aimed at the incorporation of complex design information into multi-agent planning systems. The first system facilitates collaborative structural design processes, the second one supports fire engineering in buildings. Both approaches are part of two different research projects that belong to the DFG1 priority program 1103 entitled “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering“ (DFG 2000). The two approaches provide similar database wrapper agents to integrate relevant design information into two multi-agent systems: Database wrapper agents make the relevant product model data usable for further agents in the multi-agent system, independent on their physical location. Thus, database wrapper agents act as an interface between multi-agent system and heterogeneous database systems. The communication between the database wrapper agents and other requesting agents presumes a common vocabulary: a specific database ontology that maps database related message contents into database objects. Hereby, the software-wrapping technology enables the various design experts to plug in existing database systems and data resources into a specific multi-agent system easily. As a consequence, dynamic changes in the design information of large collaborative engineering projects are adequately supported. The flexible architecture of the database wrapper agent concept is demonstrated by the integration of an XML and a relational database system. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Mehragentensystem Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1410 ER -