TY - CHAP A1 - Parmee, Ian A1 - Abraham, Johnson T1 - User-centric Evolutionary Design Systems - the Visualisation of Emerging Multi-Objective Design Information N2 - The paper describes further developments of the interactive evolutionary design concept relating to the emergence of mutually inclusive regions of high performance design solutions. These solutions are generated from cluster-oriented genetic algorithm (COGAs) output and relate to a number of objectives introduced during the preliminary design of military airframes. The data-mining of multi-objective COGA (moCOGA) output further defines these regions through the application of clustering algorithms, data reduction and variable attribute relevance analyses. A number of visual representations of the COGA output projected onto both variable and objective space are presented. The multi-objective output of the COGA is compared to output from a Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA-II) to illustrate the manner in which moCOGAs can generate good approximations to Pareto frontiers. KW - Konzipieren KW - Bauwerk KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1094 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Garrett, James H. A1 - Akinci, Burcu A1 - Wang, Hongjun T1 - Towards Domain-Oriented Semi-Automated Model Matching for Supporting Data Exchange N2 - The process of matching data represented in two different data models is a longstanding issue in the exchange of data between different software systems. While the traditional manual matching approach cannot meet today’s demands on data exchange, research shows that a fully automated generic approach for model matching is not likely, and generic semi-automated approaches are not easy to implement. In this paper, we present an approach that focuses on matching data models in a specific domain. The approach combines a basic model matching approach and a version matching approach to deduce new matching rules to enable data transfer between two evolving data models. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Datenaustausch Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1324 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Boukamp, Frank A1 - Akinci, Burcu T1 - Towards Automated Defect Detection: Object-oriented Modeling of Construction Specifications N2 - This paper describes an ongoing research on the representation and reasoning about construction specifications, which is part of a bigger research project that aims at developing a formalism for automating the identification of deviations and defects on construction sites. We specifically describe the requirements on product and process models and an approach for representing and reasoning about construction specifications to enable automated detection and assessment of construction deviations and defects. This research builds on the previous research on modeling design specifications and extends and elaborates concept of contexts developed in that domain. The paper provides an overview of how the construction specifications are being modele d in this research and points out future steps that need to be accomplished to develop the envisioned automated deviation and defect detection system. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Modellierung KW - Norm Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1315 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ward, Michael A1 - Thorpe, Tony A1 - Price, Andrew T1 - The Re-use of Site Data to Inform Business Processes N2 - The increased implementation of site data capture technologies invariably results in an increase in data warehousing and database technologies to store captured data. However, restricted use of data beyond the initial application could potentially result in a loss of understanding of site processes. This could in turn lead to poor decision making at production, tactical and strategic levels. Concrete usage data have been collected from two piling processes. These data have been analysed and the results highlighted potential improvements that could be made to existing site management and estimating processes. A cost benefit analysis has been used to support decision making at the strategic level where the identified improvements require capital expenditure. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Baustelle KW - Controlling Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1308 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petzold, Frank A1 - Donath, Dirk T1 - The building as a container of information : the starting point for project development and design formulation N2 - For planning in existing built contexts, the building survey is the starting point for initial planning proposals, for the diagnosis and documentation of building damages, for the creation of objectives catalogues, for the detailed design of renovation and conversion measures and for ensuring fulfilment of building legislation, particularly by change of use and refitting. An examination of currently available IT-tools shows insufficient support for planning within existing contexts, most notably a deficit with regard to information capture and administration. This paper discusses the concept for a modular surveying system (basic concept, separation of geometry from semantic data, and separation into sub-systems) and the prototypical realisation of a system for the complete support of the entire building surveying process for existing buildings. The project aims to contribute to the development of a planning system for existing buildings. ... KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Lebenszyklus KW - Bauwerk Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1848 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hauschild, Thomas A1 - Hübler, Reinhard T1 - Techniken der Verwaltung dynamischer digitaler Bauwerksmodelle für Revitalisierungsvorhaben N2 - Modellverwaltungssysteme sind eine geeignete technologische Basis zum Management digitaler Bauwerksmodelle bei Planungstätigkeiten für den Neubau als auch für die Revitalisierung von Bauwerken. Die Unterstützung von Revitalisierungsprozessen impliziert für den Entwurf integrierter Planungsumgebungen spezifische Anforderungen wie die Repräsentation von Informationen, die mit verschiedenen Typen von Vagheit behaftet sind, die Notwendigkeit, den Soll- sowie den Ist- Zustand des Bauwerks abzubilden und die Fähigkeit des Umgangs mit temporal inkonsistenten Modellzuständen. Die erforderliche Dynamik der Domänenmodelle und die erforderliche Nutzbarkeit in Virtual Enterprises stellen weitere Ansprüche an die Realisierungsbasis der Modellverwaltungssysteme. Zur Implementierung derartiger Systeme erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, Eigenschaften objektorientierter Programmiersprachen mit nichtstatischen Typsystemen auszunutzen, da diese durch die vorhandene Metaebene sowie Introspektions- und Reflektionsmechanismen eine effiziente Realisierungsbasis bereitstellen. Zur effektiven Unterstützung synchroner kooperativer Planungstätigkeiten innerhalb einzelner Fachdisziplinen wurde ein Benachrichtigungsmechanismus realisiert, der an das Modellverwaltungssystem angekoppelte Fachapplikationen über nebenläufig vorgenommene Modifikationen am zugehörigen Domänenmodell oder an Projektinformationen informiert. Weiterhin existiert ein Mechanismus zur vereinfachten Anbindung von existierenden Applikationen, die auf statischen Partialmodellen beruhen oder standardisierte, modellbasierte Austauschformate unterstützen. Abschließend wird eine aus einem zentralen Projektserver, Domänenservern und Domänenclients bestehende hybride Systemarchitektur vorgestellt, die geeignet ist, unter den Randbedingungen kooperativer und geographisch verteilter Arbeit bei Revitalisierungsvorhaben in Virtual Enterprises eingesetzt zu werden. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmodell KW - Datenverwaltung KW - Digitales Modell Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3054 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Xie, Haiyan A1 - Issa, Raja A1 - O'Brien, William T1 - Structure of a Formal User Model for Construction Information Retrieval N2 - Information science researchers and developers have spent many years addressing the problem of retrieving the exact information needed and using it for analysis purposes. In informationseeking dialogues, the user, i.e. construction project manager or supplier, often asks questions about specific aspects of the tasks they want to perform. But most of the time it is difficult for the software systems to unambiguously understand their overall intentions. The existence of information tunnels (Tannenbaum 2002) aggravates this phenomenon. This study includes a detailed case study of the material management process in the construction industry. Based on this case study, the structure of a formal user model for information retrieval in construction management is proposed. This prototype user model will be incorporated into the system design for construction information management and retrieval. This information retrieval system is a user-centered product based on the development of a user configurable visitor mechanism for managing and retrieving project information without worrying too much about the underlying data structure of the database system. An executable UML model combined with OODB is used to reduce the ambiguity in the user's intentions and to achieve user satisfaction. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Benutzeroberfläche Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1296 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Changwan, Kim A1 - Haas, Carl A1 - Caldas, Carlos T1 - Spatial data acquisition, integration, and modeling for real-time project life-cycle applications N2 - Current methods for site modeling employs expensive laser range scanners that produce dense point clouds which require hours or days of post-processing to arrive at a finished model. While these methods produce very detailed models of the scanned scene, useful for obtaining as-built drawings of existing structures, the associated computational time burden precludes the methods from being used onsite for real-time decision-making. Moreover, in many project life-cycle applications, detailed models of objects are not needed. Results of earlier research conducted by the authors demonstrated novel, highly economical methods that reduce data acquisition time and the need for computationally intensive processing. These methods enable complete local area modeling in the order of a minute, and with sufficient accuracy for applications such as advanced equipment control, simple as-built site modeling, and real-time safety monitoring for construction equipment. This paper describes a research project that is investigating novel ways of acquiring, integrating, modeling, and analyzing project site spatial data that do not rely on dense, expensive laser scanning technology and that enable scalability and robustness for real-time, field deployment. Algorithms and methods for modeling objects of simple geometric shape (geometric primitives from a limited number of range points, as well as methods provide a foundation for further development required to address more complex site situations, especially if dynamic site information (motion of personnel and equipment). Field experiments are being conducted to establish performance parameters and validation for the proposed methods and models. Initial experimental work has demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Echtzeitsystem KW - Lebenszyklus Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1280 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hübner, Björn A1 - Walhorn, Elmar A1 - Kölke, Andreas T1 - Simultane Lösung gekoppelter Struktur-Fluid-Systeme T1 - A Simultaneous Solution Procedure for Fluid-Structure Interaction with Application to Civil Engineering Problems N2 - Ein simultanes Lösungsverfahren für Fluid-Struktur-Wechselwirkungen aus dem Bereich des Bauingenieurwesens wird vorgestellt. Die Modellierung der Tragwerksdynamik erfolgt mit der geometrisch nichtlinearen Elastizitätstheorie in total Lagrangescher Formulierung. Die Strömung wird mit den inkompressiblen Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen beschrieben. Wenn Turbulenzeffekte massgeblich sind, kommen die Reynolds-Gleichungen in Verbindung mit dem k-omega-Turbulenzmodell von Wilcox zum Einsatz. Zur Beschreibung von komplexen freien Oberflächen wird die Level-Set-Methode eingesetzt. Die einheitliche Diskretisierung von Fluid und Struktur mit der Raum-Zeit-Finite-Element-Methode führt zu einem konsistenten Berechnungsmodell für das gekoppelte System. Da die isoparametrischen Raum-Zeit-Elemente ihre Geometrie in Zeitrichtung ändern können, erlaubt die Methode eine natürliche Beschreibung des infolge der Strukturbewegung zeitveränderlichen Strömungsgebiets. Die gewichtete Integralformulierung der Kopplungsbedingungen mit globalen Freiwerten für die Interface-Spannungen sichert eine konservative Kopplung von Fluid und Struktur. Ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele zeigen die Leistungsfähigkeit der entwickelten Methodik und belegen die guten Konvergenzeigenschaften des simultanen Lösungsverfahrens. KW - Bauwerk KW - Dynamik KW - Modellierung KW - Flüssigkeit-Bauwerk-Wechselwirkung Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3114 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petkov, Zdravko B. A1 - Christov, Christo T. T1 - Response Spectra Evaluation Including Pounding Effect N2 - Most of the existing seismic resistant design codes are based on the response spectrum theory. The influence of inelastic deformations can be evaluated by considering inelastic type of resisting force and then the inelastic spectrum is considerably different from the elastic one. Also, the influence of stiffness degradation and strength deterioration can be accounted for by including more precise models from material point of view. In some recent papers the corresponding changes in response spectra due to the P- Ä effect are discussed. The experience accumulated from the recent earthquakes indicates that structural pounding may considerably influence the response of structures and should be taken into account in design procedures. The most convenient way to do that is to predict the influence of the pounding on the response spectra for accelerations, velocities and displacements. Generally speaking the contact problems such as pounding are characterized by large extent of nonlinearity and slow convergence of the computational procedures. Thus obtaining spectra where the contact problem is accounted for seems very attractive from engineering point of view because could easy be implemented into the design procedures. However it is worth nothing that there is not rigorous mathematical proof that the original system can be decomposed into single equations related to single degree of freedom systems. It is the porpose of the paper to study the influence of the pounding on the response spectra and to evaluate the amplification due to the impact. For this purpose two adjacent SDOF systems are considered that are able to interact during the vibration process. This problem is solved versus the elastic stiffness ratio, which appears to be very important for such assemblage. The contact between masses is numerically simulated using opening gap elements as links. Comparisons between calculated response spectra and linear response spectra are made in order to derive analytical relationships to simply obtain the contribution of pounding. The results are graphically illustrated in response spectra format and the influence of the stiffness ratio is clarified. KW - Bauwerk KW - Erdbebenbelastung KW - Stochastischer Prozess Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3464 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schultmann, Frank T1 - Projektplanungsmodelle und -methoden für den Rückbau von Bauwerken N2 - Vor dem Hintergrund einer sich verschärfenden Umweltgesetzgebung sowie der Erkenntnis, dass Bauabfälle sich grundsätzlich für eine Stoffkreislaufführung eignen, hat der Rückbau von Bauwerken in den letzten Jahren verstärkt an Bedeutung gewonnen. Aufgrund oftmals strenger Zeit- und Kostenvorgaben für einen Rückbau, begrenzter Verfügbarkeit von Personal und Betriebsmitteln, einer weitgehenden Unikatfertigung sowie wechselnder Standorte kommt dabei der projektorientierten Planung von Maßnahmen auf der Baustelle große Bedeutung zu. Im Rahmen des Beitrages werden Ansätze zur Modellierung und Lösung der sich hieraus ergebenden Probleme zur Planung und Optimierung von (Rück-) Bauabläufen unter Verwendung von Projektplanungsmodellen und -methoden vorgestellt. Hierbei werden neben betriebswirtschaftlichen auch umweltrelevante sowie technische Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit der Planung von Rückbauprojekten aufgegriffen. Eine Anwendung der Planungsansätze auf reale Gebäude zeigt, dass sich durch Kombination von Gebäuderückbau und Aufbereitungstechnik eine Qualitätsverbesserung von Recyclingbaustoffen erzielen lässt. Zur Umsetzung der hierzu erforderlichen Maßnahmen werden unter Berücksichtigung individueller abfallwirtschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen der jeweiligen Planungsregion, gebäude- und baustellenbezogener Besonderheiten, technischer sowie kapazitiver Restriktionen Ablaufpläne für den Gebäuderückbau berechnet. Die für unterschiedliche Planungsregionen vorgenommenen Modellrechnungen weisen nach, dass sich die Demontage von Gebäuden gegenüber einem konventionellen Gebäudeabbruch unter bestimmten Rahmenbedingungen bereits wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft realisieren lässt. Abgerundet wird der Beitrag durch einen Ausblick auf Möglichkeiten einer Realisierung komplexer Bauabläufe auch unter strengen Zeitvorgaben sowie bei begrenzten Platzverhältnissen mit Hilfe fertigungssynchroner Ressourceneinsatzplanung sowie auf die Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheiten in der Planung und Ausführung von Rückbauprojekten. KW - Bauwerk KW - Demontage KW - Bauplanung KW - Bauablauf KW - Stoffkreislauf Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-162 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Menzel, Karsten A1 - Garrett, James H. A1 - Mahdavi, A. A1 - Ries, R. T1 - Processing "fuzzy" materials sets for environmental impact analysis of buildings N2 - Processing technical and environmental data on building materials, components, and systems has become more important during the last few years. Increased sensitivity towards environmental and energy problems has lead to the demand for simulation and evaluation of the long term behavior of buildings. The results of such simulations are expected to enable architects and engineers to develop a broader, interdisciplinary understanding of the impact of their products (buildings) on the environment. However, conducting such evaluations is currently hampered by the lack of comprehensive, up-to-date, and ecologically relevant data on building materials, components, and systems. To address this problem, this paper proposes an approach to deal with the absent or uncertain attributes of building materials, components, and systems. In the past, various information systems have been developed to provide data on a limited set of building materials, including precise values pertaining to some of their characteristics, such as availability, manufacturers, costs, etc. These traditional information systems have difficulty in dealing with uncertain, incomplete and sparse data. However, uncertainty and incompleteness characterize the nature of most of the available and environmentally related characteristics of materials, components, and systems. In this paper, a fuzzy-logic-based augmentation of traditional information systems is proposed towards providing management, utilization and manipulation of incomplete and uncertain data. KW - Bauwerk KW - Umweltfaktor KW - CAD KW - Fuzzy-Logik Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4500 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baitsch, Matthias A1 - Hartmann, Dietrich T1 - Object Oriented Finite Element Analysis for Structural Optimization using p-Elements N2 - The optimization of continuous structures requires careful attention to discretization errors. Compared to ordinary low order formulation (h-elements) in conjunction with an adaptive mesh refinement in each optimization step, the use of high order finite elements (so called p-elements) has several advantages. However, compared to the h-method a higher order finite element analysis program poses higher demands from a software engineering point of view. In this article the basics of an object oriented higher order finite element system especially tailored to the use in structural optimization is presented. Besides the design of the system, aspects related to the employed implementation language Java are discussed. KW - Konzipieren KW - Bauwerk KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1089 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nour, Mohamed A1 - Beucke, Karl T1 - Object Information Packs as a Base for Information Modelling in Construction N2 - The construction industry is suffering form the existence of isolated islands of software applications and bottle neck solutions. The idea of an integrated virtual database that consists of separated platforms, representing various disciplines, depending on the web technology is envisaged to solve the problem of integration. This paper is about the production and use of OIPs (Object Information Packs) as a part of the construction material product in the form of XML files that include all the technical and commercial data of the product, which might be needed by any discipline in its overall life cycle. This object information pack is neutral and independent of any software application. It is assumed to fit in a building product model at the IFC (resource layer). An example of brick - wall aggregation process is used to demonstrate the capability of the technology and the ability of non computer science experts to use it. KW - XML KW - Bauwerk KW - Objektmodell KW - Internet KW - IFC KW - OIP KW - Building Object Model Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3387 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Romberg, Richard A1 - Treeck, Christioph van A1 - Niggl, Andreas T1 - Numerische Simulation auf Basis des IFC-Bauwerksmodells N2 - Dieser Beitrag zeigt einen Ansatz, verschiedene numerische Simulationsaufgaben auf ein gemeinsames und durchgängig dreidimensionales Geometriemodell zu gründen. Hinsichtlich der physikalischen Modelle reicht die Bandbreite der hier vorgestellten Anwendungen von einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung der Gebäudestruktur in der Strukturmechanik über die raumbezogene, hochauflösende Modellierung konvektiver Raumluftströmungen bis hin zur Simulation des thermischen Verhaltens eines ganzen Gebäudes. Das jeweils zugrunde liegende numerische Verfahren setzt dabei auf einem stets gleichen Zwischenmodell der realen Geometrie der Struktur auf, ohne dabei vereinfachende dimensionsreduzierte Modelle anzuwenden. Nachfolgende Werkzeuge werden derzeit im Rahmen mehrerer Forschungsprojekte an dieses Geometriemodell angeschlossen: Die p-Version der FEM für die Strukturanalyse, ein sog. Mehrzonenmodell für die thermische Gebäudesimulation sowie ein auf dem sog. hybriden thermischen Gitter-Boltzmann-Verfahren (hTLBE) basierender Strömungssimulationscode. Der Import geometrischer wie semantischer Daten eines Bauwerks in das Simulations-Framework erfolgt nach dem Produktmodell der Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), das sich als Quasi-Standard für den Datenaustausch im Bauwesen etabliert hat. Das IFC-Schema dient dabei nicht als Modell zur internen Speicherung von Daten, sondern wird hier als Schnittstelle zur Anbindung unterschiedlicher Programme wie CAD-Anwendungen für Architekten oder anderen Modellierungstools verwendet. Die Implementierung dieser Schnittstelle erfolgt unter Verwendung einer sog. Toolbox, die das Objektschema der IFC auf ein Klassenmodell einer objektorientierten Programmiersprache abbildet und Werkzeuge für den effizienten Objektzugriff zur Verfügung stellt. Damit werden Grenzen zwischen spezialisierten Softwarepaketen, die maßgeschneidert auf spezielle Erfordernisse ausgerichtet sind, aufgebrochen und der Datenaustausch über die Anwendungsgrenzen hinaus unterstützt. Dies ist eine Konsequenz aus einer dem Wunsch nach vernetzt-kooperativen Planung von Bauwerken.... KW - Bauwerk KW - Dreidimensionales Modell KW - Datenaustausch Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3521 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bargstädt, Hans-Joachim A1 - Blickling, Arno T1 - Neue Methoden für die bauteilorientierte Ausschreibung und Kalkulation unter Beachtung des Integrated Product Lifecycle Management von Bauwerken N2 - Die Autoren stellen Grundlagen und Methoden zur Erstellung von Ausschreibungen und zur Durchführung der Kalkulation vor, die direkt mit dreidimensionalen Bauteilmodellen arbeiten. Dies trägt dazu bei, den gesamten Lebenszyklus eines Bauwerkes durchgängig über 3-D-Modelle beschreiben zu können. Im ersten Abschnitt werden grundlegende Überlegungen zum Einsatz von PLM/PDM-Technologien im Bauwesen angestellt. Im Anschluß daran wird die herkömmliche Ausschreibungsmethodik analysiert. Die Unterschiede zwischen einem konventionellen Leistungsverzeichnis und einem dreidimensionalen Bauteilkatalog (Objektdatenbank) hinsichtlich der Datenstruktur werden dargestellt. Hieraus abgeleitet werden Methoden und Prozesse bei der Erstellung einer 3-D-Leistungsbeschreibung entwickelt. Dazu wird eine geeignete Benutzer-Schnittstelle eines dreidimensionalen Bauteilkataloges vorgestellt. Schließlich werden praxisrelevante Probleme bei der Verwendung von Bauteilkatalogen erörtert. Ein wesentlicher Baustein ist die Kalkulation. Hier werden Kalkulationsmethoden basierend auf einem zweidimensionalen Leistungsverzeichnis und einem dreidimensionalen Bauteilkatalog miteinander verglichen. Ergänzt wird dies um Lösungen zur Anbindung von elektronischen Marktplätzen an den Bauteilkatalog zum Zweck der Preisbildung. Schließlich wird ein Ausblick gegeben, wie eine Synthese zwischen dreidimensionalem Bauteilkatalog und textlichen Standard-Leistungsbeschreibungen erreicht werden kann. KW - Bauwerk KW - Kalkulation KW - Ausschreibung KW - Bauteil KW - Katalog KW - Dreidimensionales Modell Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-70 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Miles, John A1 - Cen, Mei A1 - Taylor, Mark T1 - Linking Sketching and Constraint Checking for Early Conceptual Design N2 - At the start of the conceptual design process, designers start to give tangible form to their thoughts by sketching. This helps with reasoning and communicates ideas to other members of the team. Sketches are gradually worked up into more formal drawings which are then passed to the other stages of the design process. There are however some problems with basing early ideas on sketching. For example, due to their ad-hoc nature, sketches tend only to be diagrammatic representations and so designers cannot be sure that their ideas are feasible and what is being proposed meets the constraints described in the client brief. This can result in designers wasting time working up ideas which prove to be unsuitable. Also the process of constraint checking is complex and time consuming and so designers tend limit their search of possible options and instead choose satisfying rather than good solutions. This paper describes the INTEGRA project which examines the role of sketching in early conceptual design and how this can be linked to other aspects of the process and particularly automated constraint checking using an IT based approach. The focus for the work is the design of framed buildings. A multi-disciplinary approach has been adopted and the work has been undertaken in close collaboration with practising designers and clients. KW - Konzipieren KW - Bauwerk KW - Management KW - Constraintnetz Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1547 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peng, Jun A1 - Law, Kincho A1 - Lau, Gloria T1 - Internet-Enabled Software Model for Nonlinear Structural Analysis and Simulations N2 - This paper describes an Internet-enabled software model that could facilitate the development and utilization of nonlinear structural analysis programs. The software model allows users easy access to the analysis core program and the analysis results by using a web-browser or other application programs. In addition, new and legacy codes can be incorporated as distributed services and be integrated with the software framework from disparate sites. A distributed project management system, taking advantages of Internet and database technologies, is implemented to store and manage model information and simulation results. Nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulations of a bridge structure is performed to illustrate the facilities of the Internet-enabled software model. KW - Konzipieren KW - Bauwerk KW - Verteiltes System KW - Internet Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1057 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Walukiewicz, Henryk T1 - Identification of Structural Models as a Problem of Group Representation Theory N2 - It has been shown that symmetries of moment functions of stochastic processes play an important role in identification of systems. They provide the group-theoretic method of choice of the model structure and model parameters. In the first stage the group-theoretic analysis of some fundamental concepts of stochastic dynamics: stochastic processes and functional series of Volterra-Wiener type has been undertaken. The analysis of group representations of the moment functions of order m for stochastic processes is the basic, original concept of the work. The following groups: symmetric Sm, special affine SAff(m), general linear GL(n, R), GL(n,C) and their subgroups play the main role in the models. In the second stage the informational entropy has been introduced as a measure of the randomness in the identified models. The group-theoretic approach underlines the unity of the nonlinear system identification and leads to useful engineering results in the range of the second-order (stochastic) theory. KW - Bauwerk KW - Modellierung KW - Gruppentheorie Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-3725 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Asayama, Shuichi A1 - Mae, Toshifumi T1 - Fractal Truss Structure and Automatic Form Generation Using Iterated Function System N2 - This paper describes a couple of new truss structures based on fractal geometry. One is the famous Sierpinski Gasket and another is a fractal triangle derived by means of applying a process forming leaves of a cedar tree using M. F. Barnsley’s contraction mapping theory. Therefore a pair of x-y coordinates of an arbitrary nodal point on the structures are generated easily if IFS(Iterated Function System) codes and a scale of them are specified. Structural members are defined similarly. Thus data for frame analysis can be generated automatically, which is significant if the objective structure has complex configuration. Next analytical results under vertical and wind loadings in Japanese Building Code are shown. Here members are assumed to be timber and to have cross section of 15cm×15cm. Finally authors conclude that geometrically new truss structures were developed and automatic data generation for frame analysis was attained using IFS. Analytical results show they contribute to saving material when compared it with King-post truss. KW - Konzipieren KW - Bauwerk KW - Fraktal Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1046 ER -