TY - CHAP A1 - Stahr, Alexander A1 - Ruth, Jürgen A1 - Wolkowicz, Christian ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - ... WITHOUT RIGHT ANGLE. N2 - Currently sculptural design is one of the most discussed themes in architecture. Due to their light weight, easy transportation and assembly, as well as an almost unlimited structural variety, parameterised spatial structures are excellently suited for constructive realisation of free formed claddings. They subdivide the continuous surface into a structure of small sized nodes, straight members and plane glass panels. Thus they provide an opportunity to realise arbitrary double-curved claddings with a high degree of transparency, using industrial semi-finished products (steel sections, flat glass). Digital design strategies and a huge number of similar looking but in detail unique structural members demand a continuous digital project handling. Within a research project, named MYLOMESH, a free-formed spatial structure was designed, constructed, fabricated and assembled. All required steps were carried out based on digital data. Different digital connections (scripts) between varying software tools, which are usually not used in the planning process of buildings, were created. They allow a completely digital workflow. The project, its design, meshing, constructive detailing and the above-mentioned scripts are described in this paper. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Arthur Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-30248 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER - TY - THES A1 - Stahr, Alexander T1 - Das wohltemperierte Netz - Zum Konstruktiven Entwurf direkt verglaster Stabnetze auf Freiformflächen T1 - The well-tempered Grid - To the Constructive Design of freeformed, direct glazed Grids N2 - Direkt verglaste Stabnetze repräsentieren ein strukturell und geometrisch hochgradig variables Prinzip zur Realisierung transparenter architektonischer Freiformflächen. Dieses beinhaltet die funktionale Entkopplung der Fassadenkonstruktion in ein tragendes Stabnetz und eine hüllende Verglasung. Ein formal universales, dimensional variables Knotenelement bildet dabei das Herzstück der Konstruktion. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich dem Konstruktiven Entwurf frei geformter, direkt verglaster Stabnetze. Dieser umfasst schwerpunktmäßig die formale und dimensionale Konzeptionierung der Knotenelemente. Er wird maßgeblich beeinflusst von der Dimensionalitätsdifferenz zwischen dem formbeschreibenden Flächennetz aus nulldimensionalen Knoten und eindimensionalen Kanten sowie dem Stabnetz aus dreidimensionalen Knoten bzw. Stäben. Darüber hinaus definieren das freiformbedingte Erfordernis einer unikaten Ausrichtung der Stabnetzelemente sowie die materialspezifische Anforderung einer zwängungsfreien Lagerung der Gläser weitere dominante Einflussgrößen im Entwurfsprozess. In der Arbeit werden zunächst die geometrischen und konstruktiven Randbedingungen des Konstruktiven Stabnetzentwurfs dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Zylinder-Achsen- Modell entwickelt, welches die unikate lokale Situation am Knoten unter Berücksichtigung einer variablen Ausrichtung der Stabnetzelemente sowie beliebig polygonaler Stabquerschnitte abstrahiert. Die Modellierung ermöglicht eine Bewertung des knotenbezogenen Status unter konstruktiven und mechanischen Aspekten. Sie bildet somit die Grundlage für eine Konstruktive Optimierung direkt verglaster Stabnetze. Mit Hilfe des Zylinder-Achsen-Modells werden alle bisher bekannten Prinzipien zur Ausrichtung der Stabnetzelemente analysiert. Dabei offenbaren sich verschiedene Defizite. Zu deren Überwindung werden drei neuartige Lösungsansätze entwickelt. Eine alternative Methode dient folglich zur Bestimmung einer konstruktiv optimierten Ausrichtung der Knotenachse. Ein zweiter Ansatz zielt auf die Definition einer neuartigen Stablängsbezugsachse, welche unabhängig von der Flächenkrümmung eine zwängungsfreie Lagerung der Glaselemente gewährleistet. Schließlich ermöglicht das dritte innovative Prinzip die konsistente Bestimmung einer Stabquerachse auch bei nicht ebenen Viereckmaschen. N2 - Direct glazed lattice grids represent a structural and geometrical highly variable constructive approach for the realisation of transparent architectural freeforms. This principle is characterised by a functional decoupling of the cladding construction into a loadbearing grid of members and nodes on the one hand and covering glass panels on the other. A formal universal but dimensionally variable node builds the core of the construction. This work addresses the constructive design of freeformed, direct glazed grids. This primarily implies the formal and dimensional design of the nodal elements. The design is significantly inuenced by the difference of mesh dimensions, which describe the freeform and consist of zero-dimensional vertices and one-dimensional edges, as well as by the structural grid, made up of three-dimensional members and nodes. Moreover the free form determines a need for individual adjustment of all structural elements. Furthermore material-specific demands regarding restrained-free bearing of the glass panels define further dominant parameters in the design process. First of all geometrical and constructive edge conditions of the constructive grid design were described in this work. Based on this a cylinder-axle-model was developed. This model abstracts individual local situations at the nodes including variable adjustment of the structural grid elements as well as variable cross-section of the members. The model allows evaluation of the nodal status in relation to constructive and mechanical aspects. It provides a basis for constructive optimisation of direct glazed structural grids. With the aid of this model state-of-the-art approaches for the adjustment of structural elements relative to the form describing surface mesh were analysed. Several shortcomings were observed which can be solved through three new approaches developed within this work. The first approach describes an alternative method for the determination of a constructively optimised orientation of the nodal axis. The second one describes a method for a restrained-free bearing of the glass panels independent of their local curvature through definition of a new longitudinal member-axis. The last approach defines a new methodology for the determination of an axis crosswise the edge of the mesh even for non planar quadrilateral meshes. KW - Entwurf KW - Konstruktion KW - Glas KW - Optimierung KW - Konstrutkiver Entwurf KW - Parametrischer Entwurf KW - Stabnetz KW - Knoten KW - Freiform KW - Zylinder-Achsen-Modell KW - Konstruktive Optimierung KW - Constructive Design KW - Parametric Design KW - Freeform KW - Lattice Grids KW - Glass KW - Cylinder-Axle-Model KW - Constructive Optimisation Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20090427-14602 N1 - Die gedruckte Ausgabe ist im Universitätsverlag der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar erschienen, seit 2014 Bauhaus-Universitätsverlag Weimar. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolkowicz, Christian A1 - Ruth, Jürgen A1 - Stahr, Alexander ED - Gürlebeck, Klaus ED - Könke, Carsten T1 - TOOL TO CHECK TOPOLOGY AND GEOMETRY FOR SPATIAL STRUCTURES ON BASIS OF THE EXTENDED MAXWELL'S RULE N2 - One of the simplest principle in the design of light-weight structures is to avoid bending. This can be achieved by dissolving girders into members acting purely in axial tension or compression. The employment of cables for the tensioned members leads to even lighter structures which are called cable-strut structures. They constitute a subclass of spatial structures. To give fast information about the general feasibility of an architectural concept employing cable-strut structures is a challenging task due to their sophisticated mechanical behavior. In this regard it is essential to control if the structure is stable and if pre-stress can be applied. This paper presents a tool using the spreadsheet software Microsoft (MS) Excel which can give such information. Therefore it is not necessary to purchase special software and the according time consuming training is much lower. The tool was developed on basis of the extended Maxwell's rule, which besides topology also considers the geometry of the structure. For this the rank of the node equilibrium matrix is crucial. Significance and determination of the rank and the implementation of the corresponding algorithms in MS Excel are described in the following. The presented tool is able to support the structural designer in an early stage of the project in finding a feasible architectural concept for cable-strut structures. As examples for the application of the software tool two special cable-strut structures, so called tensegrity structures, were examined for their mechanical behavior. KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170327-30370 UR - http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006/index.php_lang=de&what=papers.html ER -