TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kleiner, Florian
A1  - Rößler, Christiane
T1  - Utilizing Modern FIB/SEM Technology and EDS for 3D Imaging of Hydrated Alite and its Pore Space
T2  - ERICA-CASH II Final Converence
N2  - The exploration of cementitious materials using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) is mainly done using fractured or polished surfaces. This leads to high-resolution 2D-images that can be combined using EDX and EBSD to unveil details of the microstructure and composition of materials. Nevertheless, this does not provide a quantitative insight into the three-dimensional fine structure of for example C-S-H phases.
The focused ion beam (FIB) technology can cut a block of material in thin layers of less than 10 nm. This gives us a volume of 1000 μm³ with a voxel resolution of down to 4 x 4 x 10 nm³. The results can be combined with simultaneously acquired EDX data to improve image segmentation. Results of the investigation demonstrate that it is possible to obtain close-to-native 3D-visualisation of the spatial distribution of unreacted C3S, C-S-H and CH. Additionally, an optimized preparation method allows us to quantify the fine structure of C-S-H phases (length, aspect ratio, …) and the pore space.
KW  - Rasterelektronenmikroskop
KW  - Alit
KW  - SEM
KW  - Focussed Ion Beam
KW  - EDX
KW  - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - alite
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210702-44555
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jiang, Mingze
A1  - Rößler, Christiane
A1  - Wellmann, Eva
A1  - Klaver, Jop
A1  - Kleiner, Florian
A1  - Schmatz, Joyce
T1  - Workflow for high-resolution phase segmentation of cement clinker fromcombined BSE image and EDX spectral data
JF  - Journal of Microscopy
N2  - Burning of clinker is the most influencing step of cement quality during the production process. Appropriate characterisation for quality control and decision-making is therefore the critical point to maintain a stable production but also for the development of alternative cements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) delivers spatially resolved phase and chemical information for cement clinker. This data can be used to quantify phase fractions and chemical composition of identified phases.

The contribution aims to provide an overview of phase fraction quantification by semi-automatic phase segmentation using high-resolution backscattered electron (BSE) images and lower-resolved EDX element maps. Therefore, a tool for image analysis was developed that uses state-of-the-art algorithms for pixel-wise image segmentation and labelling in combination with a decision tree that allows searching for specific clinker phases. Results show that this tool can be applied to segment sub-micron scale clinker phases and to get a quantification of all phase fractions. In addition, statistical evaluation of the data is implemented within the tool to reveal whether the imaged area is representative for all clinker phases.
KW  - Zementklinker
KW  - Bildsegmentierung
KW  - Rasterelektronenmikroskopie
KW  - cement clinker
KW  - image segmentation
KW  - EDX
KW  - superpixel
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20211215-45449
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.13072
VL  - 2021
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  -