TY - JOUR A1 - Krebs, F. A1 - Brück, E. T1 - 3D-Computergrafik und -animation als Instrument der Visualisierung im Bereich Entwurf und Denkmalpflege N2 - Seit mehreren Jahren wird im Fachbereich Gestaltung, Studiengang Innenarchitektur 3D-Computergrafik und -animation in Lehrveranstaltungen ausgebildet und in Projekt- und Diplomarbeiten als Darstellungsmedium angewandt. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellen dabei die 3D-Visualisierungen von historischen Gebäuden dar. Mit den beiden nachfolgenden Beispielen soll der Einsatz und die curricularen Verknüpfung der CA-Technologie mit Studienarbeiten und Projekten zum Thema >Denkmalpflege< aufgezeigt werden. Rekonstruktion und Visualisierung des ehemaligen >Jagdschlosses Platte< bei Wiesbaden. Mit Unterstützung einer Kunsthistorikerin wurde in einer Studienarbeit das im Krieg zerstörte ehemalige Jagdschloß im Computer nachgebildet. Neben der Darstellung des Gebäudeäußeren und des zentralen Innenbereiches wurde eine Animation über die Triangulierung der klassizistischen Geometrie erstellt. Umnutzung historischer Bausubstanz am Beispiel der ehemaligen Klostersanlage >Schiffenberg< bei Gießen. Im Rahmen einer Projektarbeit wurden mehrer Konzepte entwickelt, Entwürfe erstellt und mittels Computeranimationen öffentlich präsentiert. In Kooperation mit dem Studiengang Fernsehtechnik (FH-Wiesbaden) wurde von zwei Studenten eine Videodokumentation über den gesamten Projektverlauf erstellt. Neben dem Aufzeigen der Arbeitsprozesse und dem Vorstellen des Lehrkonzeptes für die curriculare Einbindung der CA-Technologie werden aktuelle Studienergebnisse anhand von Videoprojektionen vorgestellt. KW - Architektur KW - Visualisierung KW - Dreidimensionales Modell KW - Computergraphik Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5235 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noh, Jung-Hwi A1 - Park, Jong-Heon T1 - A Calculation of Initial Cable Force for Ko-Ha Grand Bridge N2 - The primary objective of initial shape analysis of a cable stayed bridge is to calculate initial installation cable tension forces and to evaluate fabrication camber of main span and pylon providing the final longitudinal profile of the bridge at the end of construction. In addition, the initial cable forces depending on the alternation of the bridge’s shape can be obtained from the analysis, and will be used to provide construction safety during construction. In this research, we conducted numerical experiments for initial shape of Ko-ha bridge, which will be constructed in the near future, using three different typical methods such as continuous beam method, linear truss method, and IIMF (Introducing Initial Member Force) method KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren KW - Hängebrücke KW - cable stayed bridge KW - cable force KW - initial shape KW - initial equilibrium state Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2459 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vaarmann, Otu T1 - A class of rapidly convergent interative Methods for Problems in mathematical Modelling N2 - Methods with the convergence order p 2 (Newton`s, tangent hyperbolas, tangent parabolas etc.) and their approximate variants are studied. Conditions are presented under which the approximate variants preserve their convergence rate intrinsic to these methods and some computational aspects (possibilities to organize parallel computation, globalization of a method, the solution of the linear equations versus the matrix inversion at every iteration etc.) are discussed. Polyalgorithmic computational schemes (hybrid methods) combining the best features of various methods are developed and possibilities of their application to numerical solution of two-point boundary-value problem in ordinary differential equations and decomposition-coordination problem in convex programming are analyzed. KW - Mathematisches Modell KW - Dialogsystem Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5223 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beer, Daniel G. A1 - Firmenich, Berthold A1 - Richter, Torsten T1 - A Concept for CAD Systems with Persistent Versioned Data Models N2 - The synchronous distributed processing of common source code in the software development process is supported by well proven methods. The planning process has similarities with the software development process. However, there are no consistent and similarly successful methods for applications in construction projects. A new approach is proposed in this contribution. KW - Produktmodell KW - Bautechnik KW - Forschungskooperation KW - Versionsverwaltung KW - CAD Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2046 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ma, Zhiliang A1 - Qin, Liang T1 - A Framework of Management Information System for Construction Projects N2 - A comprehensive framework of information management system for construction projects in China has been established through extensive literature survey and field investigation. It utilizes the potential information technologies and covers the practical management patterns as well as the major aspects of construction project management. It can be used to guide and evaluate the design of the information management systems for construction projects in order to make the system to be applicable to a wide variety of construction projects and survive the changes in project management. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Managementinformationssystem Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2126 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - El-Rayes, Khaled A1 - Hyari, Khalied T1 - A Multi-objective Model for Optimizing Construction Planning of Repetitive Infrastructure Projects N2 - This paper presents the development of a model for optimizing resource utilization in repetitive infrastructure projects. The model provides the capability of simultaneous minimization of both project duration and work interruptions for construction crews. The model provides in a single run, a set of nondominated solutions that represent the tradeoff between these two objectives. The model incorporates a multiobjective genetic algorithm and scheduling algorithm. The model initially generates a randomly selected set of solutions that evolves to a near optimal set of tradeoff solutions in subsequent generations. Each solution represents a unique scheduling solution that is associated with certain project duration and a number of interruption days for utilized construction crews. As such, the model provides project planners with alternative schedules along with their expected duration and resource utilization efficiency. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Infrastruktur Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2135 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Foorgber, U. A1 - Müller, Christian T1 - A Planning Process Model for Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Building Construction N2 - Increasing complexity of today's buildings requires a high level of integration in the planning process. Common planning strategies, where individual project partners cooperate mainly to exchange results, are not suitable to jointly develop project goals and objectives. Integrated planning, a more holistic approach to deal with complex problems, is based on a high degree of communication amoung team members and leads to a goal oriented cooperation. Current approaches in the reasearch area of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) poorly meet the requirements in planning. A planning process model, based on the principles of integrated planning will be introduced, aimed to provide the background for the implementation of a CSCW-platform. KW - Bauwesen KW - Integrierte Planung KW - Computer Supported Cooperative Work Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4922 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mironov, Vadim A1 - Pahl, Peter Jan T1 - A Prismatic Finite Element for Accurate Arch Dam Analysis N2 - The displacements and stresses in arch dams and their abutments are frequently determined with 20-node brick elements. The elements are distorted near the contact plane between the wall and the abutment. A cantilever beam testbed has been developed to investigate the consequences of this distortion. It is shown that the deterioration of the accuracy in the computed stresses is significant. A compatible 18-node wedge element with linear stress variation is developed as an alternative to the brick element. The shape of this element type is readily adapted to the shape of the contact plane. It is shown that the accuracy of the computed stresses in the vicinity of the contact plane is improved significantly by the use of wedge elements. KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren KW - Dammbau Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2467 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rebolj, D. T1 - A Product Model of a Road N2 - Many errors and delays frequently appear when data is exchanged between particular tasks in the lifecycle of the road. Inter-task connections are therefore of great importance for the quality of the final product. The article describes a product model of a road wich is the kernel of an integrated information system intended to support all important stages of the road lifecycle: design, evaluation (through different analysis procedures), construction, and maintainance. Since particular tasks are often executed at different places and in different companies, the interconnections are supported by a special metafile which contains all specific data of the product model. The concept of the integrated system is object and component oriented. Additionally, existing conventional program packages are included to support some common tasks (methods). A conventional relational database system as well as an open spatial database system with the relevant GIS functionality are included to support the data structures of the model. KW - Straße KW - Modellierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4584 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yabuki, Nobuyoshi A1 - Kotani, Jun A1 - Shitani, Tomoaki T1 - A Steel Bridge Design System Architecture using VR-CAD and Web Service-based Multi-Agents N2 - This paper presents a new design environment based on Multi-Agents and Virtual Reality (VR). In this research, a design system with a virtual reality function was developed. The virtual world was realized by using GL4Java, liquid crystal shutter glasses, sensor systems, etc. And the Multi-Agent CAD system with product models, which had been developed before, was integrated with the VR design system. A prototype system was developed for highway steel plate girder bridges, and was applied to a design problem. The application verified the effectiveness of the developed system. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Stahlbrücke KW - Virtuelle Realität Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2146 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koike, Hirotaka A1 - Morimoto, Akinori A1 - Imamura, Maki T1 - A Study on the Relationships of Residential Electricity Consumption and Automobile Energy Consumption with Urban Forms Using GIS N2 - In this Paper, we explored the relation between the electricity consumption in residential sector and the automobile energy consumption in transportation sector in accordance with the location of city by employing Geographic Information System (GIS). We found in the study that the electricity consumption per capita has a tendency that is higher in city center and lower in suburbs in Utsunomiya city. It is also noted that there is little difference among total consumption between city center and suburbs, despite the fact that the density of electric appliances tends to increase in a small size house of city center and the amount of automobile energy consumption from residence is lower in city center than in suburbs. KW - Geoinformationssystem KW - Stadtplanung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2690 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huhn, Michael T1 - Abstract and Concrete Scenarios in Concurrent Engineering N2 - An architecture of a distributed planning system for the building industry has been developed. The emphasis is on highly collaborative environments in steelwork, timber construction etc. where designers concurrently handle 3D models. The overall system connects local design systems by the so-called Design Framework DFW. This framework consists of the definition of distributed components and protocols which make the collaborative design work. The process of collaborative design has been formalized on an abstract level. This paper describes how this has been done. A sample is given to illustrate the mapping of concrete scenarios of the ‘real design world’ to an abstract scenario level. This work is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG as part of the project SPP1103 (Meißner et al. 2003). KW - Produktmodell KW - Bautechnik KW - Forschungskooperation KW - Framework Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2068 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albert, Andrej A1 - Freischlad, Mark A1 - Pullmann, Torben T1 - Acquisition of Conceptual Design Knowledge in Structural Engineering N2 - Expert systems integrating fuzzy reasoning techniques represent a powerful tool to support practicing engineers during the early stages of structural design. In this context fuzzy models have proved themselves to be very suitable for the representation of complex design knowledge. However their definition is a laborious task. This paper introduces an approach for the design and the optimization of fuzzy systems based upon Genetic Programming. To keep the emerging fuzzy systems transparent a new framework for the definition of linguistic variables is also introduced. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Wissensverarbeitung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2154 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lee, Kangkun A1 - Lee, Kijang T1 - Additional bending moment for shear-lag phenomenon in tube structures N2 - Framed-tube system with multiple internal tubes is analysed using an orthotropic box beam analogy approach in which each tube is individually modelled by a box beam that accounts for the flexural and shear deformations, as well as the shear-lag effects. A simple numerical modeling technique is proposed for estimating the shear-lag phenomenon in tube structures with multiple internal tubes. The proposed method idealizes the framed-tube structures with multiple internal tubes as equivalent multiple tubes, each composed of four equivalent orthotropic plate panels. The numerical analysis is based on the minimum potential energy principle in conjunction with the variational approach. The shear-lag phenomenon of such structures is studied taking into account the additional bending moments in the tubes. A detailed work is carried out through the numerical analysis of the additional bending moment. The moment factor is further introduced to identify the shear lag phenomenon along with the additional moment. KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren KW - Hochhaus Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2472 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berkowski, P. A1 - Boron, Jacek T1 - An Algorithm of compromise structural Optimisation of Bar Structures N2 - Authors' own research in applied unicriterial and multicriterial optimisation of bar structures, and also an analysis of accessible bibliography on structural synthesis allows to present herein an attempt to define a general algorithm for proceeding in formulation of a structural optimisation problem. A practical aspect of such an algorithm consists, in author's opinion, in enabling a designer a correct creation of a mathematical model of synthesis problems, independently of known mathematical methods employed to looking for an unconditional extremum of function of several variables. A proposed algorithm is not a ready-for-use tool for solving all the optimisation problems, but it constitutes an easy-to-expand theoretical basis. This basis should allow a designer to create a proper set of compromises on the way to construct a mathematical model of a specific optimisation problem. The algorithm, presented in the paper, is constructed as a sequence of the one-after-another problem questions, on which the designer answers: yes or no, and a set of selections from the knowledge base consisting of the elements of an optimisation problem components. The order of making questions adopted by the authors in the algorithm is subjective, however it is supported by their experience, both in applied optimisation and in designing of structures like trusses or frames. KW - Stabwerk KW - Optimierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5264 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yabuki, Nobuyoshi A1 - Yoshimura, Yutaka T1 - An Evaluation System for Steel Structures of Hydroelectric Power Stations based on Fault Tree Analysis and Performance Maps N2 - This paper presents an evaluation system for steel structures of hydroelectric power stations, including hydraulic gates and penstocks, based on Fault Tree Analyasis (FTA) and performance maps. This system consists of fault tree diagrams of FTA, performance maps, design and analysis systems, and engineerin databases. These four modules are integrated by appropriate hyperlinks so that the user of this system can use it easily and seamlessly. A well developed system was applied to some illustrative example cases, and they showed that the developed methodology and system worked well and the users found the system useful and effective for their maintenance tasks at powerstations. KW - Wissensmanagement KW - Stahlbau KW - Wasserkraftwerk Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2564 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van Treeck, Christoph A1 - Rank, Ernst T1 - Analysis of building structure and topology based on Graph Theory N2 - Individual views on a building product of people involved in the design process imply different models for planning and calculation. In order to interpret these geometrical, topological and semantical data of a building model we identify a structural component graph, a graph of room faces, a room graph and a relational object graph as aids and we explain algorithms to derive these relations. The application of the technique presented is demonstrated by the analysis and discretization of a sample model in the scope of building energy simulation. KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Graphentheorie KW - Ingenieurbau Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2308 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Misztal, S. A1 - Misztal, G. T1 - Anwendung von Delta-Dirac-Funktion und Heviside-Funktion zur Berechnung der inneren Kräfte und Verschiebungen in gebogenen Balken N2 - Die d - Dirac - Funktion d(x-xi) und Heviside - Funktion wurden vor allem zur Beschreibung diskontinuierlicher Belastungsfunktionen von gebogenen Balken angewendet. Im Referat werden die mathematischen Operationen auf den erwähnten Funktionen dargestellt. Darüber hinaus wird die Möglichkeit eindeutiger Aufschreibung von belibigen Belestungsfunktionen vorgeschlagen, die fast alle Fälle der in der Ingenieurpraxis auftretenden Belastungen umfassen. Die vorgeschlagenen Lösungen geben die Möglichkeit leichter Aufschreibung im Form eines Algorithmus, das die Ausnutzung von Komputertechnik in statischen Berechnungen ermöglicht. Am Ende des Referates werden die Zahlebeispiele dargestellt, die die Möglichkeiten praktischer Anwendungen der besprochenen Funktionen darstellen. KW - Balken KW - Belastung KW - Mathematisches Modell KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5308 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chang, Chihyuan A1 - Chang, Yuanchu A1 - Huang, Shyhmeng T1 - Application of a Agent Mechanism to the Small-scale Maintenance of School Buildings N2 - This paper presents an agent-based software, Virtual Administrator System (VAS) for the smallscale maintenance of school buildings. VAS is capable of handling a heavy load of routine, lowtech maintenance jobs. It assigns a different priority to each job application according to its significance and urgency, and automatically adjusts schedules for maintenance engineers when on-site supervision is needed. The system can help ease off the burden of routine small-scale maintenance work, making it more cost-effective and efficient in the overall management of school building maintenance. VAS posts jobs on the Web in a multi-media format and classified all applications into four categories: the on-call maintenance contract, the term maintenance contract, the guaranty maintenance contract, and the regular maintenance contract. It then estimates their urgency level and passes the information to maintenance engineers who will decide whether on-site inspection is needed. Based on the engineers’ feedback, VAS automatically implements the scheduling for inspection as well as sends out real-time or batch notifications to contractors. All these activities are recorded in a database to allow continuous research and data mining and the analysis and diagnosis of specific jobs for followup maintenance plans. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Schulgebäude KW - Facility-Management Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2165 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Most, Thomas A1 - Eckardt, Stefan T1 - Application of a hybrid parallelization technique to accelerate the numerical simulation of nonlinear mechanical problems N2 - This paper presents the combination of two different parallelization environments, OpenMP and MPI, in one numerical simulation tool. The computation of the system matrices and vectors is parallelized with OpenMP and the solution of the system of equations is done with the MPIbased solver MUMPS. The efficiency of both algorithms is shown on several linear and nonlinear examples using the Finite Element Method and a meshless discretization technique. KW - Framework KW - API KW - Parallelverarbeitung KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2599 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melnikov, B. E. A1 - Semenov, Artem T1 - Application of Multimodel Method of Elasto-Plastic Analysis for the Multilevel Computation of Structures N2 - Creation of hierarchical sequence of the plastic and viscoplastic models according to different levels of structure approximations is considered. Developed strategy of multimodel analysis, which consists of creation of the inelastic models library, determination of selection criteria system and caring out of multivariant sequential clarifying computations, is described. Application of the multimodel approach in numerical computations has demonstrated possibility of reliable prediction of stress-strain response under wide variety of combined nonproportional loading. KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren KW - Elastoplastizität Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2487 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kang, Shihchung A1 - Miranda, Eduardo T1 - Automated Simulation of the Erection Activities in Virtual Construction N2 - The goal of the research is the development of a computer system to plan, simulate and visualize erection processes in construction. In the research construction cranes are treated as robots with predefined degrees of freedom and crane-specific motion planning techniques are developed to generate time-optimized and collision-free paths for each piece to be erected in the project. Using inverse kinematics and structural dynamics simulation, the computer system then computes the crane motions and velocities necessary to achieve the previously calculated paths. The main benefits of the research are the accurate planning and scheduling of crane operations leading to optimization of crane usage and project schedules, as well as improving overall crane safety in the project. This research is aimed at the development of systems that will allow computer-assisted erection of civil infrastructure and ultimately to achieve fully-automated erection processes using robotic cranes... KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Baukonstruktion KW - Virtuelle Realität Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2310 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erlemann, Kai T1 - BABSIM - An object-oriented software framework for microscopic simulation of freeway traffic N2 - A wide variety of behavioural models exist in microscopic traffic simulation. Commercial programms often use closed-source policies and are confined to their respective simulation platforms. Open-source approaches mainly focus on distinctive, highly specialized traffic situations. In the scope of this paper, an open-source framework for developing modular, objectoriented simulation systems is presented, capable of simultaneously accommodating different driving models and enabling the user to modify and extend the catalogue of driving behaviours. The existing driving behaviours and the computational implementation of the simulation are being described. KW - Framework KW - API KW - Verkehrsplanung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2601 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peters, F. A1 - Petersen, Michael A1 - Meißner, Udo F. T1 - Bestandsverwaltung und -bewirtschaftung durch integratives Informationsmanagement N2 - Neben der reinen Bauausführung und den damit verbundenen Roh- und Ausbaukosten stellt insbesondere die Bewirtschaftung von Gebäuden einen wesentlichen Kostenfaktor dar, den zu minimieren Ziel der Bestrebungen auf dem Gebiet des Facilities Management ist. Insbesondere die Integration der verteilt vorliegenden Informationen muß hierbei das Ziel sein, um durch effiziente Informationsverarbeitung eine Einsparung von Unterhaltskosten zu erreichen. Bereits in der Planungsphase lassen sich die späteren Kosten für die Bewirtschaftung modellieren. Dies gilt auch für die Modellierung des Energiehaushaltes von Gebäuden. Für die Modellierung des Wärmeschutzes und der damit verbundenen Ermittlung des Heizenergiebedarfs werden z.Zt. starke Vereinfachungen getroffen, die durch die aktuelle Wärmeschutzverordnung vorgegeben sind, so daß die errechneten Werte meist sehr ungenau sind. Für eine DV-gerechte Modellierung eines Gebäudes während seiner Bewirtschaftung reichen herkömmliche CAD-Systeme nicht aus, da das Modell verschiedene Sichten zulassen muß: Neben einer bauteilorientierten Sicht muß auch eine raumorientierte Sicht vorgehalten werden, damit eine Modellierung von flächenbezogenen Parametern wie z.B. Kosten möglich wird. Dieser Beitrag zeigt einen Ansatz, der eine intensive Nutzung heterogener Ressourcen und Informationen auf der Grundlage eines dreidimensionalen Gebäudemodells ermöglicht. Exemplarisch für die Bereiche Raummanagement (im Sinne von kosten- und nutzungsorientierter Bestandsverwaltung) und Bauphysik wird dieser Ansatz erläutert und die Eingliederung dieser Teilgebiete der Bestandsverwaltung und -bewirtschaftung in ein Gesamtsystem aufgezeigt. KW - Bauwerk KW - Langzeitverhalten KW - Facility-Management KW - Informationsmanagement Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4848 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ngo, D. Q. A1 - Rüppel, Uwe T1 - BINAS - Ein Entscheidungshilfesystem für die Bestandsanalyse von Bauwerken N2 - Bauwerke sind in ihrer Betriebszeit vielen nutzungseinschränkenden Einflüssen ausgesetzt. Die dadurch erforderliche Instandhaltung dient zur Gewährleistung und zur Erhöhung der geplanten Nutzungsfähigkeit sowie Dauerhaftigkeit von Bauwerken. Sie spielt eine immer größere Rolle im Bauwesen. Die Kosten der Bauwerksinstandhaltung betragen je nach Art des Bauwerkes in Deutschland pro Jahr ca. 1-6% des Wiederbeschaffungswertes. Die Reduzierung des Instandhaltungsaufwandes durch Technik- und Management-Maßnahmen ist daher wirtschaftlich sinnvoll. Der Einsatz moderner Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie auf dem Gebiet der Bestandsaufnahme und -analyse ist erforderlich, um einerseits die Bearbeitung von multimedialen Informationen über Ist- und Soll-Zustände von Bauwerken effektiver durchzuführen und um andererseits die Analyse von Schäden im Sinne einer Entscheidungshilfe zu unterstützen. Durch den Einsatz der WWW-Technologie kann die Bearbeitung auch verteilt im Datennetz über ferne Rechner hinweg erfolgen. Im Beitrag werden die Konzeptionierung und Implementierung des WWW-fähigen DV-Systems BINAS zur Unterstützung der Bestandsaufnahme und -analyse sowie die dafür erforderlichen Methoden und Werkzeuge vorgestellt. KW - Bauwerk KW - Bauschaden KW - Instandhaltung KW - Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kabath, Meik A1 - Stuyts, Patrick T1 - Building Design towards 5-dimensions N2 - There exists a big gap between the capabilities of current 3D-CAD applications and their actual usage in practice. Many architects and planners still prefer to draft in 2D because the benefits of 3D modeling are difficult to explain. This presentation offers a basis to view the 3D building model not merely as the source for 2D plan generation. By adding extra dimensions like Time and Cost to the 3D building model it becomes possible to generate dynamic information on building construction progress with regards to used material, resources and cost. These additional benefits are key elements to many planners and contractors and may therefore widen the acceptance of 3D building modeling in general. KW - Bauindustrie KW - Baukonstruktion KW - Bauwerksplanung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2712 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras A1 - Kaklauskas, Arturas T1 - Civil Engineering Decision Support Systems in Lithuania N2 - Civil engineering decision support systems (construction, building life cycle, refurbishment, total quality management, innovation, etc.) created in Lithuania are described in this paper. The above decision support systems comprise of the following constituent parts: data (database and its management system), models (model base and its management system) and a user interface. Presentation of information in databases may be in conceptual (digital, textual, graphical, photographic, video) and quantitative forms. Quantitative information presented involves criteria systems and subsystems, units of measurement, values and initial weight fully defining the variants provided. The databases were developed providing a multiple criteria analysis of alternatives from economical, infrastructure, technical, technological, qualitative, legislative, social and other perspectives. This information is provided in a user-oriented way. Since the analysis of alternatives is usually performed by taking into account economical, infrastructure, technical, technological, qualitative and other factors, a model-base include models which enable a decision maker to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the variants available and make a proper choice. These systems, related questions and practical case study were analysed the paper. KW - Wissensmanagement KW - Bautechnik KW - Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2579 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Skrinar, Matjaz T1 - Computation of Stresses and Settlements under an arbitrary Point in Homogenous, elastic, isotropic Half-Space, under the Load described by a uniform Load over a general quadrilateral N2 - The problem of the computation of stresses and settlements in the half-space under various types of loads is often presented in geotechnical engineering. In 1885 Boussinesq advanced theoretical expressions to determine stresses at a point within an ideal mass. His equation considers a point load on the surface of a semi-infinite, homogeneous, isotropic, weightless, elastic half-space. Newmark in 1942 performed the integration of Boussinesq's equations for the vertical stress under a corner of a rectangular area loaded with a uniform load. The problem of the determination of vertical stresses under a rectangular shaped footing has been satisfactorily solved with renewal integration of the Boussinesq's equation over the arbitrary rectangle on surface of the half-space, with a non-uniform load represented with piecewise linear interpolation functions. The problem of the determination of stresses in the case when the footing shape is an arbitrary quadrilateral however remains unsolved. The paper discusses an approach to the computation of vertical stresses and settlements in an arbitrary point of the half-space, loaded with a uniform load, which shape in the ground plan can be a general four noded form with straight edges. Since the form is transformed into a biunit square and all integrations are performed over this area, all solutions are valid also for an arbitrary triangle by the implementation of the degeneration rule. KW - Halbraum KW - Isotropie KW - Spannung KW - Setzung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5338 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melnikov, B. E. A1 - Kadashevich, I. Y. A1 - Semenov, Artem T1 - Damage of Metalworkses under the Complex Varying Loading N2 - The phenomenological and computational aspects of the various damage models applications for the low and multi cyclic fatigue processes are investigated. Damage is considered as internal state variable, describing macroscopic effects of the progressive material degradation, within the framework of continuum damage mechanics. Present analysis is restricted to the case of isotropic damage, which can be modeled by a scalar variable. The strain, force and power types of kinetic equations for the damage evolution description are considered. The original mixed strain-power type damage model is developed for taking into account the different physical fracture mechanism in monotone and cyclic loading. The constitutive equations of plastic flow theory coupled and uncoupled to damage has been considered. The rational algorithm of implementation into finite element code is considered for developed damage models. Set of the computational experiments has been carried out for the various structures (huge aerials, pipelines, fastening units, vessel of nuclear reactor) and cases of loading. The comparison of the predictions of the developed model with experimental data is performed for 1X18H10T steel tubular specimens for complex paths of loading and for complex profiles beams under cyclic loading. Damage field distribution is the basic information for the prediction of crack initiation in structures. The developed method of structural parameter for stress concentration zones is discussed for correcting of crack location. It allows to describe the crack initiation near surface domain as observe in numerous experiments. KW - Stahlkonstruktion KW - Bruchmechanik KW - Dynamische Belastung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5409 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Thomas A1 - Kirschke, Heiko A1 - Schatter, G. T1 - Das Internet als Basis für die Produktinformation im Bauwesen N2 - Die Gesamtheit der Produktinformationen im Bauwesen stellt sich als sehr inkonsistente und redundante Informationsmenge dar. Die Hersteller stehen vor der Aufgabe, diese Produktinformationen nicht nur in der üblichen Katalogform sondern auch in neuen Medien wie CD-ROM und WWW zu publizieren. Einmal betriebener Erfassungsaufwand muß sich dabei durch eine einfache Mehrfachverwendung der Daten rentieren. Wegen seiner technologischen Eigenschaften eignet sich das WWW sehr gut als primäre Quelle für Produktinformationen. Vor allem wegen der möglichen Aktualität sollte es Grundlage für Publikationen in den anderen Medien sein. Mit verhältnismäßig geringem Aufwand lassen sich die WWW-Präsentation von Produktdaten so strukturieren, daß eine automatisierte Erfassung und Verarbeitung dieser Daten vereinfacht wird. So kann die Datenkonsistenz von der visuellen Präsentation in herkömmlichen Katalogen bis zur automatisch erstellten Produktdatenbank durchgängig gesichert werden. Vor dem Hintergrund der von Schnittstellenproblemen, heterogener Softwarestruktur und unzureichender Ausnutzung der Möglichkeiten der Informatik gekennzeichneten Situation im Bauwesen wird in generalisierter Ansatz mittels SGML vorgestellt. Mit einem derartigen Datenangebot werden neue, verteilte und vernetzte Anwendungen auf Grundlage derselben Produktdaten ermöglicht. KW - Bauwesen KW - Produktinformation KW - Internet Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5468 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras A1 - Kaklauskas, Arturas A1 - Viteikiene, Milda T1 - Database of Best Practices and Decision Support Web-based System for Construction Innovation N2 - Many construction and facilities management Web sites can be found on the Internet. The interested parties on construction and facilities management Web sites can find databases of best practices, calculators, analyzers, software, expert and decision support systems, neural networks, etc. Technological innovation mainly through changes in the availability of information and communication technology inclusive databases of best practices, calculators, analyzers, software, neural networks, decision support and expert systems that have been provided by a variety of new services developed by the construction and facilities management sectors. Most of all calculators, analyzers, software, decision support and expert systems, neural networks and on-line systems seek to find out how to make the most economic decisions and most of all these decisions are intended only for economic objectives. Alternatives under evaluation have to be evaluated not only from the economic position, but take into consideration qualitative, technical, technological and other characteristics as well. Based on the analysis of the existing calculators, analyzers, information, expert and decision support systems, neural networks and in order to determine most efficient versions of best practices a Decision Support Web-Based System for Construction Innovation (IDSS) was developed by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Wissensverarbeitung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2173 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaklauskas, Gintaris A1 - Cervenka, Vladimir A1 - Cervenka, Jan T1 - Deflection Calculation of RC Beams: Finite Element Software versus Design Code Methods N2 - The paper investigates accuracy of deflection predictions made by the finite element package ATENA and design code methods ACI and EC2. Deflections have been calculated for a large number of experimental reinforced concrete beams reported by three investigators. Statistical parameters have been established for each of the technique at different load levels, separately for the beams with small and moderate reinforcement ratio. KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren KW - Balken Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2498 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Êirinhevsky, V. V. A1 - Dîkhnyak, B. M. A1 - Êirichevsky, R. V. A1 - Êîzub, Y. G. T1 - Determination of the Temperature of Dissipative Warming and Parameters of Fracture in Elastomers with using of Singular Finite Elements N2 - For modeling of singular fields of stresses and deformations in elasters with a crack is offered to use of three-dimesional a special finite element. Weak compessible of elasters is taken into account on the basis of threefold approximation of fields of displacements, deformations and function of volume change. At intensive cyclic loading of the elastomer constructions with a crack it is necessary to take into account warming and large deformations at the crack top. The stress-deformed state elasters with a crack is determined from the decision of a nonlinear problem by a modified method Newton-Kantorovich. Account stress intensity factors for a rectangular plate with a various arrangement of a through crack is executed. Process of development of a surface crack and dissipative warming in prismatic a element of shift is investigated. KW - Elastomer KW - Temperatur KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5471 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pick, Tobias A1 - Heimsund, Bjoern-Ove A1 - Milbradt, Peter T1 - Development and Analysis of Sparse Matrix Concepts for Finite Element Approximation on general Cells N2 - In engineering and computing, the finite element approximation is one of the most well-known computational solution techniques. It is a great tool to find solutions for mechanic, fluid mechanic and ecological problems. Whoever works with the finite element method will need to solve a large system of linear equations. There are different ways to find a solution. One way is to use a matrix decomposition technique such as LU or QR. The other possibility is to use an iterative solution algorithm like Conjugate Gradients, Gauß-Seidel, Multigrid Methods, etc. This paper will focus on iterative solvers and the needed storage techniques... KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren KW - Bandmatrix Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2500 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Motawa, Ibrahim A1 - Anumba, Chimay A1 - El-Hamalawi, A. T1 - Development of a Fuzzy System for Change Prediction in Construction Projects N2 - Change management has been the focus of different IT systems. These IT systems were developed to represent design information, record design rationale, facilitate design coordination and changes. They are largely based on managing reactive changes, particularly design changes, in which changes are recorded and then propagated to the relevant project members. However, proactive changes are hardly dealt with in IT systems. Proactive changes require estimating the likelihood of occurrence of a change event as well as estimating the degree of change impacts on project parameters. Changes in construction projects often result from the uncertainty associated with the imprecise and vague knowledge of much project information at the early stages of projects. This is a major outcome of the case studies carried out as part of this research. Therefore, the proposed model considers that incomplete knowledge and certain project characteristics are always behind change causes. For proactive changes, predicting a change event is the main task for modelling. The prediction model should strive to integrate these main elements: 1) project characteristics that lead to change 2) causes of change, 3) the likelihood of change occurrence, and 4) the change consequences. It should also define the dependency relationships between these elements. However, limited data (documented) are only available from previous projects for change cases and many of the above elements can only be expressed in linguistic terms. This means that the model will simulate the uncertainty and subjectivity associated with these sets of elements. Therefore, a fuzzy model is proposed in this research to capture these elements. The model analyses the impact of each set of elements on the other by assigning fuzzy values for these elements that express the uncertainty and subjectivity of their impact. The main aim is to predict change events and evaluate change effects on project parameters. The fuzzy model described above was developed in an IT system for operational purposes and was designed as a Java package of components with their supporting classes, beans, and files. This paper describes the development and the architecture of the proposed IT system to achieve these requirements. The system is intended to help project teams in dealing with change causes and then the change consequences in construction projects. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Fuzzy-Logik Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2180 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monobe, Kantaro A1 - Tanaka, Shigenori A1 - Furuta, Hitoshi T1 - Development of a System for Making Guide Maps based on the Idea of the Cognitive Map N2 - Digital maps are very easily applied as route guide maps. Route guide maps are provided through Web or a mobile phone services, and demand for such services is increasing. However, the production of a route guide map requires a great deal of time. Therefore, it is difficult for general users to make route guide maps. The purpose of the present research is the development of a system that can generate a route guide map using the Digital Map 2500 (Spatial Data Framework) published by the Geographical Survey Institute. This system will not require advanced equipment or expert knowledge. Therefore, anyone can produce route guide maps easily and quickly. By using the Digital Map 2500, the time and cost required in order to generate a map are reduced. Moreover, a useful route guide map can be created by simplifying the map form based on the human cognitive map. KW - Geoinformationssystem KW - Straßenkarte Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2688 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koike, Hirotaka A1 - Morimoto, Akinori A1 - Nomura, Kazuhiro T1 - Development of Urban Land Use Model to Compare Transit-Oriented and Automobile-Oriented Cities N2 - This study is an attempt to develop a simple simulation model that can compare the differences between automobile-oriented and transit-oriented cities, and clarify the difference between city forms by transportation modes. Following a theoretical model development, a series of simulation runs are tried. The model allocates people who commute to CBD from residential zones along a transportation corridor. As a result of many simulation analyses, it is shown that automobiles need much more traffic space in comparison with the transit as is shown by the proposed traffic space ratio both in CBD and along the corridor. KW - Verkehrsplanung KW - Simulation KW - Stadtplanung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2621 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schleicher, W. A1 - Rieche, M. T1 - Die Anwendung der computergestützten Tragwerksplanung von konstruktiven Ingenieurbauwerken im Zuge des Verkehrsprojektes Inter-City-Express 97 N2 - Die Entwicklung Berlins zur neuen Hauptstadt des vereinigten Deutschlands erfordert den umfangreichen Ausbau der innerstädtischen Verkehrswege und eine umfassende Einbindung in das bundesweite Verkehrsnetz. Der Ausbau der Inter-City-Express-Strecke zwischen Hannover und Berlin bedingte eine Umplanung großer Streckenabschnitte der Deutschen Bahn AG. Im Zeitalter der computergestützten Informationsverarbeitung sind gerade auf dem Gebiet der Tragwerksplanung konstruktiver Ingenieurbauten vielfältige Möglichkeiten gegeben. So ist bei der Planung von Brückenneubauten eine durchgehende computergestützte Konstruktion und Tragwerksplanung vom Vorentwurf bis hin zur Fertigung möglich. Weiterhin gestatten besondere Berechnungsmethoden bei speziellen Belastungsarten eine exaktere Schnittkraft- und Spannungsermittlung und dadurch eine dem wirklichen Tragverhalten entsprechende genauere Nachweisführung. An Beispielen aus dem konstruktiven Ingenieurbau im Zuge der Sanierung der Berliner Stadtbahn wird die Anwendung moderner Rechentechnik und computergestützter Konstruktionsmethoden und Berechnungsverfahren diskutiert. Die Berliner Stadtbahn wird in weiten Abschnitten über gemauerte Ziegelsteinviadukte geführt. Das Konzept der Sanierungsmaßnahmen sah neben der Anordnung einer lastverteilenden Platte einen Gleisaufbau als Feste Fahrbahn vor. Zusätzlich wurden die Gleisabstände den heutigen Bundesbahnvorschriften angepaßt. Aus diesem Grund wurde eine genaue Nachrechnung der Stadbahnviadukte unter Berücksichtigung der verschiedensten Parameter (z.B. Fugen in der lastverteilenden Platte, Rißbildung im Mauerwerk, Schubverformungen in Fugen zwischen Beton und Mauerwerk bei Überschreitung von Grenzwerten) erforderlich. Die zwischen dem Berliner Hauptbahnhof und dem Bahnhof Jannowitzbrücke befindliche Eisenbahnüberführung über die Holzmarktstraße wurden abgebrochen. Das neue Bauwerk besteht aus einer zweifeldrigen, schiefwinkligen Deckbrücke für 4 Gleise. Auf Grund der komplizierten geometrischen Randbedingungen erfolgte eine durchgängige computergestützte Erstellung der Ausführungsunterlagen. Die Hauptabmessungen der Konstruktion wurden mit Hilfe von Vermessungsdaten bestimmt, die im CAD-Programm verarbeitet wurden. Die CAD-Daten bildeten die geometrischen Eingangsgrößen für das Berechnungsprogramm. Die Querschnittsdimensionierung der Berechnung ging dann in die CAD-Bearbeitung ein. Die Koordinaten für die Werkstattfertigung sowie für die Montage auf der Baustelle ergaben sich ebenfalls aus den Berechnungsergebnissen. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - CAD Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchheim, Alfred A1 - Rudnicki, Andrzej T1 - Die Darstellung des Fahrgästeflusses im Nahverkehr als ein stochastischer Prozess N2 - Das Eintreffen der Passagiere einer Haltestelle eines öffentlichen Nahverkehrsmittel wird als stochastischer Prozeß beschrieben . Die Ankünfte der Nahverkehrsmittel stellen einen Erneuerungsprozeß dar , wohingegen die Ankünfte der Personen innerhalb einer Erneuerungsperiode als instationärer Poissonprozeß aufgefaßt wird. Über die Intensitätsfunktion liegen Messungen vor. Betrachtet wird die Gesamt- wartezeit der Personen an einer Haltestelle . KW - Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr KW - Wartezeit KW - Stochastisches Modell Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4653 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Wolfgang T1 - Die unbegrenzten Einsatzmöglichkeiten von 3D-Modellierern N2 - Der Funktionsumfang von 3D-Modellierern und die Leistung allgemein zur Verfügung stehender Rechnersysteme gestatten die Modellierung beliebiger Objekte in jeder nur denkbaren Fachdisziplin. Das potentielle Leistungsvermögen von 3D-Modellierern sollte Anreiz sein, sie so alltäglich einzusetzen, wie die etablierten Standardapplikationen. Die im Vortrag gezeigten Modelle umfassen ein kleines Spektrum der möglichen Anwendungsgebiete. Weder vom (Daten)Umfang noch von ihrem Kompliziertheitsgrad stellen sie etwas Besonderes dar. Sie sollen nur das Interesse für einen alltäglichen Einsatz von 3D-Modellierern wecken und eventuell vorhandenen Einsatzschwellen abbauen helfen. Die im Vortrag gezeigten Bildfolgen sind unter http://www.uni-weimar.de/animationen zu finden. KW - Dreidimensionales Modell KW - Anwendung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5257 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiedemann, A. T1 - Digital Architectural Photogrammetry for Building Registration N2 - For many purposes geometric information about existing buildings is necessary, e.g. planing of conservation or reconstruction. Architectural photogrammetry is a technique to acquire 3D geometric data of buildings for a CAD model from images. In this paper the state of the art in architectural photogrammetry and some developments towards automation are described. The photogrammetric process consists of image acquisition, orientation and restitution. Special attention is put on digital methods, from digital image acquisition to restitution methods, supported by digital image processing. There are a few field of development towards automation, e.g. feature extraction, extraction of edges and lines and the detection of corresponding points. The acquired data may be used in a CAD environment or for visualization in Virtual Reality Models, using digital orthoimages for texture mapping. KW - Bauwerk KW - Projektdokumentation KW - Photogrammetrie Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4892 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kicinger, Rafal A1 - Arciszewski, Tomasz A1 - De Jong, Kenneth T1 - Distributed Evolutionary Design: Island-Model-based Optimization of Steel Skeleton Structures in Tall Buildings N2 - This paper presents results of a study on distributed, or parallel, evolutionary computation in the topological design of steel structural systems in tall buildings. It describes results of extensive experimental research on various parallel evolutionary architectures applied to a complex structural design problem. The experiments were conducted using Inventor 2003, a networkbased evolutionary design support tool developed at George Mason University. First, a general introduction to evolutionary computation is provided with an emphasis on recent developments in parallel evolutionary architectures. Next, a discussion of conceptual design of steel structural systems in tall buildings is presented. Further, Inventor 2003 is briefly introduced as well as its design representation and evolutionary computation characteristics. Next, the results obtained from systematic design experiments conducted with Inventor 2003 are discussed. The objective of these experiments was to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate evolution of steel structural systems in tall buildings during a distributed evolutionary design process as well as to compare efficiency and effectiveness of various parallel evolutionary architectures with the traditional evolutionary design approaches. Two connectivity topologies (ring topology and fully-connected topology) have been investigated for four populations of structural designs evolving in parallel and using various migration strategies. Also, results of the initial sensitivity studies are reported in which two ways of initializing distributed evolutionary design processes were investigated, using either arbitrarily selected designs as initial parents or randomly generated ones. Finally, initial research conclusions are presented. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Stahlbau KW - Skelettbau KW - Optimierung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2195 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Semenov, Vitaly A1 - Bazhan, Andrew A1 - Morozov, Sergey T1 - Distributed STEP-Compliant Platform for Multimodal Collaboration in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction N2 - This paper presents an innovative software platform OpenSTEP intended to build advanced distributed integrated systems and to conduct multidisciplinary collaborative projects in both academy and industry. The paper discusses an open system architecture, methodology, component library and CASE toolkit enabling the developers to build a wide range of interoperable applications and systems compliant with STEP and, particularly, with IFC becoming the increasingly important standard for information integration in architecture, engineering and construction. KW - Framework KW - API KW - STEP KW - Verteiltes System Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2616 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lizounov, P. P. T1 - Dynamics of solid and deformable Bodies Systems at complex Movements N2 - Analytical models, describing oscillations of systems of interconnected solid and deformable bodies,making a complex movement in fields of inertia forces and gravitation forces, are resulted. Method of numerical investigation of dynamics of the specified systems, based on sharing of parameter prolongation method, Newton-Kantorovich algorithm, Flocke and Liapunov hteories, is developed. On the basis of constructed analytical models and numerical techniques a new, practically important problems of dynamics of systems, consisting of solid bodies, flexible rods, membranes and soft shells, which make a complex movement in fields of forces of inertia and gravity are solved. The received results are used during designing of responsible elements of structures, making a complex movement, which find application in construction and mechanical engineering. KW - Festkörpermechanik KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Numerisches Verfahren Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5410 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kwak, Hyo-Gyoung A1 - Kim, Jin-Kook T1 - Efficient Shoring System in RC Frame Structures N2 - In this paper, systematic analyses for the shoring systems installed to support the applied loads during construction are performed on the basis of the numerical approach. On the basis of a rigorous time-dependent analysis, structural behaviors of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures according to the changes in design variables such as the types of shoring systems, shore stiffness and shore spacing are analyzed and discussed. The time-dependent deformations of concrete such as creep and shrinkage and construction sequences of frame structures are also taken into account to minimize the structural instability and to reach to an improved design of shoring system because these effects may increase the axial forces delivered to the shores. In advance, the influence of the column shortening effect, generally mentioned in a tall building structure, is analyzed. From many parametric studies, it has been finally concluded that the most effective shoring system in RC frame structures is 2S1R (two shores and one reshore) regardless of the changes in design variables. KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren KW - Skelettbau KW - Construction Sequence KW - Shoring System KW - Shore Stiffness KW - Shore Spacing Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2511 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caetano, A. M. T1 - Eigenvalue Distribution for the Stokes Operator N2 - The aim of this talk is to show that the methods used by Métivier and Lapidus to study the eigenvalue distribution of elliptic operators (e.g., of the Dirichlet Laplacian) can be adapted to the study of the similar problem for the Stokes operator. In this way we get asymptotic formulae for the eigenvalues of the latter operator even in the case when the underlying domain has an extremely irregular (fractal) boundary. In the case the boundary is not that irregular (e.g., when it is Lipschitz) the estimates we obtain are much better than the ones we can find in the current literature. KW - Stokes-Problem KW - Eigenwert Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sellerhoff, F. A1 - Milbradt, Peter A1 - Lippert, C. T1 - Ein dimensionsunabhängiges topologisches Modell auf der Basis von Simplexen N2 - Die geometrische Modellierung hat in den Ingenieurwissenschaften eine große Bedeutung erlangt. Die Visualisierung von zwei- oder dreidimensionalen Problemstellungen ist aus heutigen Anwendungen nicht mehr wegzudenken. Zunehmend rücken Aufgabenstellungen aus dem Bereich der geometrischen Modellierung in den Vordergrund, die über die etablierten Dimensionen 1-3 hinausgehen und die nicht mehr rein geometrischer Natur sind. Hierzu zählen Aufgabenstellungen aus den Bereichen numerische Simulation, Parameteridentifikation und Strukturanalyse. Auf diese nicht-geometrischen Aufgabenstellungen sollen geometrische Verfahren, wie z.B. Triangulation, konvexe Hülle, geometrischer Schnitt und Interpolation angewendet werden. Hierzu werden diese Algorithmen, die alle auf der klassischen Geometrie des euklidischen Raumes beruhen, auf ihre Übertragbarkeit hin analysiert und überarbeitet. Am Beispiel einer Parameteridentifikation wird eine systematische Vorgehensweise vorgestellt, die es ermöglicht, trotz weniger Versuchsrechnungen den Bereich der in Frage kommenden Parameter umfassend zu beschreiben. Dies ermöglicht ein besseres Verständnis der Zusammenhänge der Parameter untereinander. Häufig existieren mehr als eine Parameterkombination, so daß diese eine Isolinie formen, die ihrerseits unendlich viele Lösungen des gestellten Problemes im Untersuchungsgebiet beschreibt. KW - Parameteridentifikation KW - Strukturanalyse KW - Visualisierung KW - Mehrdimensionalität Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4616 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Steinhage, V. T1 - Ein modellbasiertes Konzept zur städteplanerischen Kartierung durch digitale Bildanalyse N2 - There is an increasing need for 3D building extraction from aerial images for various applications such astown planning, environmental- and property-related studies. Aerial images usually reveal on one hand a certain amount of information not relevant for the given task of building extraction like vegetation, cars etc. On the other hand there is a loss of relevant information due to occlusions, low contrasts or disadvantageous perspectives. Therefore a promising concept for automated building reconstruction must incorporate a suffciantly complete model of the objects of interest. We propose a model-based approach to 3D building extraction from aerial images which reveals a tight coupling between a generic 3D object model and an explicit 2D image model. The generic object model employes domain specific volumetric primitives (i. e. building part models) and combination schemes. To cover the gap between 3D object models and 2D image data the image model is employed to predict the projective building appearences in aerial images. We present a strategy for a model-based building extraction based on the recognition-by-components principle and show first experimental results derived from international test sets KW - Stadtplanung KW - Kartierung KW - Bildanalyse KW - Modellierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4870 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kämmerer, Lutz A1 - Hempel, Lorenz T1 - Eine Heuristik zur Lösung von Stapelproblemen N2 - Bei der Betrachtung von Stapelproblemen ergibt sich unter anderem folgendes Problem: Ein gegebener Stapel - bestehend aus den Elementen v i der Menge V - soll an anderer Stelle in einer vorgeschriebenen, veränderten Struktur wieder aufgebaut werden. Dazu stehen Hilfsstapelplätze zur Verfügung. Die Optimierung dieses Problems hinsichtlich der Anzahl der benötigten Hilfsstapelplätze ist NP-vollständig. Es werden Erfahrungen mit einem Branch-and-Bound Algorithmus zur Lösung des Problems vorgestellt sowie ein heuristischer Algorithmus diskutiert KW - Stapelproblem KW - Heuristik Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5207 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abdalla, Jamal T1 - Elements of an Agent-based Mediative Communication Protocol for Design Objects N2 - Integrated structural engineering system usually consists of large number of design objects that may be distributed across different platforms. These design objects need to communicate data and information among each other. For efficient communication among design objects a common communication protocol need to be defined. This paper presents the elements of a communication protocol that uses a mediator agent to facilitate communication among design objects. This protocol is termed the Mediative Communication Protocol (MCP). The protocol uses certain design communication performatives and the semantics of an Agent Communication language (ACL) mainly the Knowledge and Query Manipulation Language (KQML) to implement its steps. Details of a Mediator Agent, that will facilitate the communication among design objects, is presented. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to present the Meditative protocol and show how the mediator agent can be use to execute the steps of the meditative communication protocol. An example from structural engineering application is presented to demonstrate and validate the protocol. It is concluded that the meditative protocol is a viable protocol to facilitate object-to-object communication and also has potential to facilitate communication among the different project participants at the higher level of integrated structural engineering systems. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Kommunikationsprotokoll Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2207 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staub-French, Sheryl T1 - Feature-based Product Modeling for Building Construction N2 - Current building product models explicitly represent components, attributes of components, and relationships between components. These designer-focused product models, however, do not represent many of the design conditions that are important for construction, such as component similarity, uniformity, and penetrations. Current design and construction tools offer limited support for detecting these construction-specific design conditions. This paper describes the ontology we developed using the manufacturing concept of features to represent the design conditions that are important for construction. The feature ontology provides the blueprint for the additions and changes needed to transform a standard product model into a constructionspecific product model. The ontology formalizes three classes of features, defines the attributes and functions of each feature type, and represents the relationships between features explicitly. The descriptive semantics of the ontology allows practitioners to represent their varied preferences for naming features, specifying features that result from component intersections and the similarity of components, and grouping features that affect a specific construction domain. A software prototype that implements the ontology enables practitioners to transform designer-focused product models into feature-based product models that represent the construction perspective. KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Baukonstruktion KW - Modellierung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2331 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Milbradt, Peter A1 - Schierbaum, Jochen A1 - Schwöppe, Axel T1 - Finite Cell-Elements of Higher Order N2 - The method of the finite elements is an adaptable numerical procedure for interpolation as well as for the numerical approximation of solutions of partial differential equations. The basis of these procedure is the formulation of suitable finite elements and element decompositions of the solution space. Classical finite elements are based on triangles or quadrangles in the two-dimensional space and tetrahedron or hexahedron in the threedimensional space. The use of arbitrary-dimensional convex and non-convex polyhedrons as the geometrical basis of finite elements increases the flexibility of generating finite element decompositions substantially and is sometimes the only way to get a clear decomposition... KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2524 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehner, R. A1 - Steinmann, Frank A1 - Hübler, Reinhard T1 - FLEXOB - Entwicklungstool für dynamische, modellbasierte CAD-Systeme N2 - Objektorientierte Modellierungstechniken werden gegenwärtig vor allem Entwicklern von CAD-Systemen angeboten. Sie erzeugen über die Schritte OO-Modellanalyse und OO-Softwaredesign OO-Programme, die mit ihrer Compilation das durch den Softwareingenieur gefundene Modell festschreiben. Generell, aber insbesondere im Bauwerksdesign, ist dieses Vorgehen unbefriedigend, da hier eine Normung von Modellen nicht gelingt, der Entwurfsprozeß vergleichsweise lang ist und eine Kooperation von Ingenieurgewerken mit verschiedenen Modelldomänen die Regel sind. Darüber hinaus weisen die Modelle in frühen Phasen ein hohes Maß an Unschärfe und Abstraktion auf. CAD-Tools, die diese Phasen unterstützen, benötigen deshalb: statt eines genormten Produktmodells ein einheitliches, kognitiv begründetes Modellstrukturierungsparadigma, für das mit der Objektorientierung eine mögliche Ausprägung gegeben ist, ein explizites, verfügbares Domänenmodell zur fortwährenden Interpretation von Bauwerksmodellen, deskriptive Elemente, die die Interpretation von Objekten und Attributen erleichtern, ein Konzept zur Behandlung von Unschärfe und Abstraktion. Hieraus ergeben sich für die Entwicklung von CAD-Systemen folgende Forderungen : Explizite Verfügbarkeit von Klassenobjekten und deren Erzeugung und Veränderung zur Laufzeit, Vererbung auf Klassen- und Instanzniveau, Erweiterte Attributkonzepte (Facetten), Unterstützung der Aggregation als einer wesentlichen Modellstrukturierungsrelation, Verfügbarkeit von OO-Schnittstellen zum Aufbau von CAD-Systemen aus Tools einerseits, sowie zur Trennung von Modellverwaltung und Modellrepräsentation andererseits. Als ein herausragendes Merkmal des Objektorientierten Paradigmas wird die Anwendungsnähe genannt, da Erscheinungen der behandelten Domäne sich analog in Modellen und Programmen wiederfinden (sollen). Unter der Grundannahme, daß dieses Paradigma auch durch den Anwender zur Erstellung seiner Modellwelten verwendet wird, will FLEXOB eine homogene Umgebung schaffen, die die Modellwelt des Softwareingenieurs zu Analysezwecken dem Anwender zur Verfügung stellt und die die Erweiterung dieser Modellwelt auf deskriptivem Niveau ermöglicht. Das Tool FLEXOB und einige wesentliche Implementationsdetails werden im Beitrag vorgestellt. Es handelt sich bei diesem Tools um eine C++ Klassenbibliothek, die entweder als Objektmodul oder als Windows-DLL verwendet werden kann. Aspekte des Nutzungsregimes solch flexibler Modellverwaltungen werden im Beitrag ebenfalls angespochen. KW - CAD KW - Modellierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4571 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perepelitsa, V. A. A1 - Pinchuk, V. P. A1 - Sergeeva, L. N. A1 - Pozdnjakova, A. J. T1 - Fractal Graphs and their Properties N2 - The idea of representing urban structure and various communication systems (water and energy supply, telephone and cable TV networks) as fractal objects is not absolutely new. However, known works, devoted to this problem use models and approaches from fractal physics. For example, to simulate urban growth Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) model and Dielectric Breakdown (DB) model are used. This study introduces a different approach. Net structure of communication system is described by a graph of special type called regular G(l,r,n)-graph. Authors provide description of such graph, develop iterative process for its generation and prove its self-similarity, i.e. that every regular graph is a pre-fractal. After the infinite number of steps this process generates a fractal. The devised algorithm for generation and grathical representation of regular G(l,r,n)-graphs with different values of l,r and n has been programmed to receive computer simulations. For optimal graphic presentation of pre-fractals the Optimal Space Ordering method was suggested. It is based on the minimization of the >graph energy< value about vertices' coordinates. The effective procedure for optimization was developed that takes into account specific properties of graph energy as objective function For the fractal graph introduced the Hausdorff-Besikovich and similarity dimensions were calculated. It has been shown that >graph energy< is directly related to the graph's fractal properties. For G(3,3,n) and G(4,4,n) graphs fractal dimensions calculated by different methods are the same (D=1,5 and D=2 respectively), while topological dimension of both graphs is 1. KW - Versorgungsnetz KW - Fraktal KW - Graphentheorie Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5166 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Katranuschkov, Peter A1 - Scherer, Raimar J. T1 - Generic Services for the Support of Evolving Building Model Data N2 - Many problems related to data integration in AEC can be better tackled by an approach that takes into account the heterogeneity of tasks, models and applications but does not require continuous consistency of the evolving design data, at each data management operation. Such an approach must incorporate adequate services that can facilitate reintegration of concurrently modified data at reasonably selected coordination points. In this paper we present a set of methods which, used in combination, can achieve that goal. After a description of the principal envisaged cooperative work scenario each of these methods is discussed in detail and current observations drawn from their software realisation are given. Whilst the suggested approach is valid for any EXPRESS-based data model, the practical focus of work has been on facilitating IFC-driven integration. KW - Produktmodell KW - Bautechnik KW - Forschungskooperation KW - EXPRESS Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2077 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, F. A1 - Eshete, T. T1 - Grundlagen zur Methodik der Verschneidung stahlbautypischer Körper in einem CAD-System N2 - Der Effekt des praktischen Einsatzes von CAD-Systemen im Stahlbau erschöpft sich heute weitgehend in einer Verbesserung der Qualität der Planungsunterlagen und in der Verkürzung der Bearbeitungszeiten. Dabei ist bei schwierigen individuellen Konstruktionen die Einsparung an Arbeitszeit oft nicht sehr markant gegenüber einer traditionellen Arbeitsweise. Die dreidimensionale Erfassung, Speicherung und Verarbeitung von Konstruktionsdaten im Rechner verlangt neben größeren Rechenleistungen neue Verfahren für die Behandlung dieser Daten. Die Möglichkeiten der Automatisierung stahlbautypischer Produktionsvorgänge und einer variablen, computergestützten Planung erfordern wissenschaftlich-technische Betrachtungen des Gesamtproblems. Ausgehend von den Anforderungen des Stahlbaus wird ein neues dreidimensionales Volumenmodell für den rechnergestützten Entwurf und die Konstruktion erarbeitet. Es werden grundlegende Methoden zur Problembehandlung aufgezeigt. Die Methodik basiert im wesentlichen auf der Methode der Inzidenz-Matrizen, um die Beziehungen zwischen topologischen und geometrischen Informationen eines Körpers darzustellen. Die Ermittlung der lokalen Mannigfaltigkeiten wird mit dem Euler-Polyedersatz verglichen und an Beispielen demonstriert. Eine neue Methode zur Ermittlung der lokalen Mannigfaltigkeiten wird dargestellt. Stahlbauspezifische Konstruktionen werden erzeugt und ihre Gestalt nach Anforderungen verändert. Im besonderen werden stahlbauspezifische Ausklinkungen und Verschneidungen erarbeitet und an Beispielen präsentiert. KW - Stahlbau KW - CAD KW - Dreidimensionales Modell Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4601 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, K. T1 - Heuristics and applications for Ressource-Constrained Project Scheduling with Minimal and Maximal Time Lags N2 - Priority-rule methods for approximately minimizing the duration of a project subject to minimal and maximal time lags between the activities of the project and limited availability of renewable resources are considered. Such a project can be modelled by a cyclic activity-on-node network. Two generation schemes for constructing feasible schedules are discussed: the serial and parallel schemes. Two different kinds of heuristic procedures are proposed. The sequential or direct method processes the activities or respectively nodes of the project network one after another without considering the strong components separately. The contraction method uses a bottom-up technique. First, a feasible subschedule is determined for each strong component. Second, each strong component is replaced by a single node and the resulting acyclic network is treated by the direct method. In conclusion, some results from an experimental performance analysis of the heuristics are given using a new network generator. KW - Ablaufplanung KW - Beschränkung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5186 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Makanae, Koji T1 - Highway Sequence Editor based on the Length-based Highway Product Model N2 - The highway product model based on the length information of the centerline, and the application system is developed. This paper shows the schema and the modeling process of the product model, which includes geometric elements such as an alignment, lanes, sidewalks, shoulders and sprits, and accessories such as guard fences, plantings and signs. Furthermore, The Highway Sequence Editor (HSE) is developed as an application system to verify the model. KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Straßenbau Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2347 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geibig, Oliver A1 - Schnellenbach-Held, Martina T1 - Implementation of an Agent-based Bidding Consortium in the Architecture of an Agent-based Virtual Marketplace N2 - In this research project we intend to transfer the whole AEC-Bidding process to an agent-based virtual marketplace. Hereby, the existing legal regulations have to be considered. Important aspects in developing the virtual marketplace are to provide the possibility to realize an agentbased bidding consortium as well as to integrate subcontractors. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Ausschreibung KW - Internet Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2214 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Menzel, Karsten A1 - Mahdavi, A. A1 - Hartkopf, V. A1 - Lee, S. T1 - Information technology for construction management and building performance evaluation support - a North-American perspective N2 - We provide a critical overview of the current status of computational support for construction the management and building performance evaluation in North-America. This overview is based on the research conducted in relation to the design and construction of the Intelligent Workplace (IW), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. With regard to the commercial software products in the field of construction management the following limitations can be identified: Although project planning, cost estimating and construction simulation are supported, tasks like bidding as well as site and material management have not received the same level of attention. Few project management software packages are integrated in a total design support software system. Little analysis or evaluation options are provided to support managerial decision making. Various research groups address the construction planning and scheduling, construction contracting, site layout generation as well as the integration of these three topics. Currently problems such as efficient material management and calculation of environmental and energy responsive site management are insufficiently addressed within the ongoing research projects. In the domain of building performance simulation and decision support one can notice that, the development and application of computational tools is industry driven. As a result the concerns addressed by the tools are mainly issues pertaining to the selection and sizing of systems and components rather than an integrated performance evaluation. Consequently, these programs are rarely used by building designers, especially in the early design stages, where the predictive capabilities of simulation tools could be of significant value. Although many research institutions address the necessity for the integration of performance simulation within the overall design support environments most of the practically available performance simulation tools still remain mono-dimensional and isolated. KW - Bauausführung KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren KW - Bauzustand Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4917 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huhnt, Wolfgang T1 - Informationstechnische Integration im Bauwesen durch Nutzung fachspezifischen Anwenderwissens N2 - Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Integrationskonzept vorgestellt, bei dem das fachspezifische Wissen des Anwenders integraler Bestandteil des Konzeptes ist. Grundgedanke des Konzeptes ist es, die Informationen vorerst im Kontext der Anwendung, mit der sie erstellt wurden, zu belassen. Die Interpretation der Informationen erfolgt durch den Anwender, der diese Informationen zur Integration nutzen möchte. Er weiß, welche Daten er für seine Arbeiten benötigt, und er verfügt über das erforderliche fachspezifische Wissen, um die Informationen anderer Bearbeiter verstehen zu können. Damit ist es nicht erforderlich, die internen Datenstrukturen einer Software zu verstehen und in einem neutralen Format zu beschreiben. Die Integration erfolgt interaktiv am Bildschirm durch den Anwender. Das vorgestellt Konzept wird in den Kontext der in der Literatur beschriebenen Integrationskonzepte eingegliedert. Hierzu werden die Integrationskonzepte klassifiziert. Die Klassifikation erfolgt auf der Grundlage der Software-Architekturen. Das vorgestellte Integrationskonzept wird am Beispiel der Angebotsbearbeitung im Bauwesen konkretisiert. KW - CAD KW - Dialogsystem Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4901 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuberg, Frank A1 - Fank, Ernst A1 - Ekkerlein, Christian T1 - Integrated Life Cycle Simulation and Assessment of Buildings N2 - Buildings require both for construction and, due to their comparatively long life cycle for maintenance, significant raw material and energy resources. So far available knowledge about resource consumption during an entire life cycle of a building is still quite rare, because various criteria affect each other and/or overlay mutually. In this contribution a model based software concept is presented using an integrated approach for life cycle simulation and assessment of buildings. The essential point of the development consists of connecting an IFC compliant product model of a building via the Internet with data bases for the resource and energy requirement of building materials. Furthermore, numerical simulations allow calculating and minimizing the energy consumption, the resource requirement, the waste streams and also the noxious emissions. In the context of this paper we present the first release of software programs for architects and engineers, which help them to evaluate their design decisions objectively in early planning steps. Additionally the usage of the software is demonstrated by a test case study for a real world building. By applying this software in practice a substantial contribution for saving energy and natural resources can be provided in the sense of sustainable and ecological building design. KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Lebenszyklus Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2351 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfennigschmidt, S. A1 - Kolbe, P. A1 - Pahl, Peter Jan T1 - Integration von Datenmodellen - Eine Methodik zum Produktdatenaustausch N2 - Unterschiedliche Sichten auf einen Anwendungsbereich drücken sich in unterschiedlich strukturierten Modellen aus. Diese Modelle enthalten im allgemeinen unterschiedliche Arten von Informationen über Objekte ihres Anwendungsbereiches. In diesem Beitrag soll ein Konzept zur Modellintegration beschrieben werden, das die Zusammenführung dieser Informationen gestattet. Im Gegensatz zu traditionellen Methoden des Datenaustauschs, bei dem Objekte des einen Modells in Objekte des anderen Modells konvertiert werden, beruht das Integrationskonzept auf dem Erkennen und dem Verbinden einander äquivalenter Objekte in den Modellen. Als Grundlage zur Beschreibung der Modellschemata wurde die in der ISO 10303-11 spezifizierte konzeptuelle Sprache EXPRESS benutzt. Der Objektzugriff wird durch ein Laufzeitsystem realisiert, das auf der Basis des Standard Data Acces Interface (SDAI ISO 10303-22) entwickelt wurde. Die Modellintegration umfaßt zwei Teilbereiche. Zum einen muß ein Abgleich der verschiedenen Schemata (Schema mapping) erfolgen. Zum anderen müssen Regeln zur Objektidentifikation (Object matching) beschrieben werden. Zur Angabe dieser Integrationsinformationen wurden Strukturen entwickelt. Die in diesen Strukturen abgelegten Beziehungen werden durch das Laufzeitsystem ausgewertet. Durch diese Vorgehensweise lassen sich zum einen alle verfügbaren Informationen über Objekte des Anwendungsbereiches zusammenführen, so daß sie im Gesamtkontext sichtbar werden und bearbeitet werden können. Zum anderen können Inkonsistenzen zwischen den Modellen erkannt und ausgewertet werden. KW - Datenmodell KW - Datenaustausch Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4930 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolbe, P. A1 - Pfennigschmidt, S. A1 - Pahl, Peter Jan T1 - Integration von Datenmodellen - Eine Technologie für Facility Management N2 - Bauwerke werden heute mit umfassender Systematik Bauwerke werden heute mit umfassender Systematik die Brauchbarkeit der Bauwerke werden durch Normung und Prüfung intensiv beeinflußt. Der Computereinsatz ist in diesem Bereich allgemein üblich. Im Gegensatz zu Planungs- und Ausführungsphase eines Bauwerks ist die Betriebsphase wenig systematisiert. Dies ist überraschend, da die Betriebsphase über die Lebensdauer eines Bauwerks hinweg wesentlich größere Kosten verursacht, als der Rohbau und da der Nutzen des Bauwerks ja nicht in seiner Errichtung sondern in seinem Betrieb liegt. Die mangelnde Systematik der Bewirtschaftung ist beispielsweise daran ersichtlich, daß es im allgemeinen noch keine brauchbare Dokumentation der Gebäudebewirtschaftung, wenige Normen und wenig Software für diesen Aufgabenbereich gibt. KW - Datenmodell KW - Facility-Management Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4948 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Willenbacher, Heiko A1 - Hübler, Reinhard T1 - Intelligent Link-Management for the Support of Integration in Building Life Cycle N2 - The processes in the life cycle of buildings are characterised by highly distinct teamwork. The integration of all the distributed working participants, by providing an environment, which especially supports the communication and collaboration between the actors, is a fundamental step to improve the efficiency of the involved processes and to reduce the total costs. In this article, a link based modelling approach and its “intelligent” link management is introduced (1). This approach realises an integration environment based on a special building model that acts as a decision support system. The link-based modelling is characterised by the definition and specialisation of links between partial models. These intelligent managed links enable a very flexible and task specific data access and exchange between all the different views and partial models of the participants. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Bauwerk KW - Lebenszyklus Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2223 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Wilhelms, Nils T1 - Interactive Distributed Knowledge Support for Conceptual Building Design N2 - In our project, we develop new tools for the conceptual design phase. During conceptual design, the coarse functionality and organization of a building is more important than a detailed worked out construction. We identify two roles, first the knowledge engineer who is responsible for knowledge definition and maintenance; second the architect who elaborates the conceptual design. The tool for the knowledge engineer is based on graph technology, it is specified using PROGRES and the UPGRADE framework. The tools for the architect are integrated to the industrial CAD tool ArchiCAD. Consistency between knowledge and conceptual design is ensured by the constraint checker, another extension to ArchiCAD. KW - Produktmodell KW - Bautechnik KW - Forschungskooperation KW - Konzipieren Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2094 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnicki, Andrzej T1 - Investigation by Computer Simulation - some aspect of transportation service reliability in urban public transport N2 - Essence of service unreliability on account of irregularity has been given. The reasons of occurance of overcrowded vehicles have been listed. The factor of service unreliability on account of irregularity has been determined. It is probability of the event, that the passenger finds departing vehicle fully filled, i.e. when all places seating and standing are occupied or condition of the travel, which would be not acceptable for passenger. Large dispersion of headways (i.e. irregularity) increases probability of such situations. To calculate the mentioned factor, the computer simulation was used. Both, passenger arrivals and vehicle operation have been modelled as stochastic interacted processes. Distributions of headways and passenger arrivals have been fixed by statistical methods. The >maximal capacity< of a vehicle has been determined. The set of parameters values for simulation runs has been given. The transformed results of computer simulation are series of nomographs for determination of a factor value. They were prepared for many types of trams and city buses, but only one nomograph has been presented. Difficulties in verification of model were discussed. Recommendations for rational utilisation level of public transport means capacity in the condition of randomness of passenger arrivals and disturbances in vehicle operation have been proposed. The other possibilities of service unreliability have been mentioned. General conclusions have been given KW - Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr KW - Zuverlässigkeit KW - Modellierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4829 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schnellenbach-Held, Martina A1 - Hartmann, Markus T1 - Knowledge Based Systems in Distributed Desgin Environments N2 - Today’s building industry not only demands more and more reduced construction time on building site, but also an advanced and mostly construction attendant design phase. Even though there is software available to support design processes in distributed environments, most applications only support simple document based exchange of information. In this paper a knowledge based system is presented to support cooperative, comprehensive design processes in distributed environments. The presented research project is financially supported by the German Research Community (DFG – Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). KW - Produktmodell KW - Bautechnik KW - Forschungskooperation KW - Wissensmanagement Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2106 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palaneeswaran, Ekambaram A1 - Kumaraswamy, Mohan A1 - Ng, Thomas T1 - Knowledge Management for Small and Medium Contractors N2 - Effective knowledge management is increasingly considered as a cornerstone of sustainable business success. Knowledge management systems are strategically valuable for both ensuring consistency and continuous improvement of various aspects such as quality delivery, productivity and competitiveness. The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry are mostly operating under tighter timeframes, narrower profit margins and more constrained resources. Hence the recently commenced SMILE-SMC (Strategic Management with Information Leveraged Excellece for Small and Medium Contractors) project aims to support the information and knowledge management needs of the small and medium contractors in Hong Kong. This paper presents some snapshots on the SMILE-SMC project, and its conceptualized deliverables with some highlights of recent developments. KW - Wissensmanagement KW - Klein- und Mittelbetrieb Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2582 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kashiyama, Kazuo A1 - Hamada, Hidetaka A1 - Taniguchi, Takeo T1 - Large Scale Finite Element Simulation and Modeling Using GIS/CAD for Environmental Flows in Urban Area N2 - A large-scale computer modeling and simulation method is presented for environmental flows in urban area. Several GIS and CAD data were used for the preparation of shape model and an automatic mesh generation method based on Delaunay method was developed. Parallel finite element method based on domain decomposition method was employed for the numerical simulation of natural phenomena. The present method was applied to the simulation of flood flow and wind flow in urban area. The present method is shown to be a useful planning and design tool for the natural disasters and the change of environments. KW - Geoinformationssystem KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Stadtplanung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2675 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galffy, Mozes A1 - Wellmann Jelic, Andres A1 - Hartmann, Dietrich T1 - Lifetime-oriented modelling of vortex-induced across-wind vibrations on bridge tie rods N2 - The influence of vortex-induces vibrations on vertical tie rods has been proved as a determinant load factor in the lifetime-oriented dimensioning of arched steel bridges. Particularly, the welded connection plates between the suspenders and the arches often exhibit cracks induced primarily rods. In this context, the synchronization of the vortex-shedding to the rod motion in a critical wind velocity range, the so-called lock-in effect, is of essential interest. KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Physikalisches Verfahren KW - Brückenbau KW - Schwingung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2536 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Piskunov, V. G. A1 - Marchuk, A. V. T1 - Model of stressed-strained State of Multilayer Masses with regard for Non-Ideal Contact of Layers N2 - Thus, mathematical model stressed- strained of a condition of layered masses is constructed. The model has high accuracy. It allows to simulate slippery contact of layers without friction. Thus not the order of permitting system of the equations is increased, and at its realization the method of fenite elements does not increase quantity of required degrees freedom. The differential operators included in system the equations are similar known in the classical theory of shells. It facilitates construction of a finite element. Presence in system of the differential equations of derivative of external forces allows to use her for the decision of contact problems with a stain of contact commensurable with thickness of a masses. KW - Geschichtetes Medium KW - Modellierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5427 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rose, Martin T1 - Modeling of Freeway Traffic N2 - An integrated modeling of freeway traffic is developed, whose implementation in an uniform computer –aided simulation model facilitate comparative evaluation and systematic coupling of several traffic simulations, traffic controls, traffic measurements and traffic scenarios. The integrated modeling of freeway traffic is a basic mapping of freeway networks, control methods, measurements and different simulations of traffic flow... KW - Verkehrsplanung KW - Simulation KW - Autobahn Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2639 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dudek, Mariusz T1 - Modellierung der Verkehrsmittelwahl N2 - Die Zielstellung der Modal­Split­Betrachtungen läuft darauf hinaus, Entscheidungs-kriterien zu erarbeiten, nach denen die einzelnen Personen ihre Verkehrsmittel auswählen. In dieser Veröffentlichung wurden alle drei Gruppen der Modelle (klassische, verhaltensorientierte und der Analyse) der Verkehrsaufteilung kurz charakterisiert. Dann wurden vier ausgewählte Modelle genauer beschrieben. Zum Schluß wird das Modell der Verkehrsmittelwahl dargestellt , das für die Untersuchung der Verkehrsaufteilung in Krakau verwendet wurde . KW - Verkehrsmittelwahl KW - Modellierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4817 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kochkarov, A. M. A1 - Popova, E. V. A1 - Zinchenko, O. A. T1 - Multicriteria problems of regulation when planning building processes N2 - In the rpocess of project construction organization under conditions of limited resources the problem of investor arises, which in onecriteria setting is as follows N invsted projects reindexed i=1,2,...,n are considered, initial parameters of the problem are:- duraion of iproject construction, - expected profit per unit of time from i project after putting it info operation ,-the time fixed , after the expiry of it a fine is paid for each overdued unit of time units in number. The investor resources are limited, i.e., at every moment of time investor can provid delivering of necessary resources only for one project .Any admissible problem decision of investor represents one of n! permutation of of numbers 1,2,..,n. X={x}-is the set of all admissible solutions (SAS) of this problem . In works of different authors the quality of decision is evaluated either by objective function (OF) of the type MINSUM where,by the objective function of the of the type MINMAX Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5454 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rüppel, Uwe T1 - Multimediale Gestaltung von Bestandsverwaltungsprozessen im Bauwesen N2 - Die Kosten für die Unterhaltung von Bauwerken über den Lebenszyklus sind im Vergleich zu den Planungs- und Herstellungskosten erheblich größer. Insbesondere setzt eine Reduzierung des Instandhaltungsaufwandes als Teilprozeß der Bestandsverwaltung das rechtzeitige Erkennen von Bauschäden und das vorausschauende Ergreifen von Gegenmaßnahmen voraus. Das planmäßige Vorgehen beim Erkennen von Bauschäden, d.h. die regelmäßige Überwachung baulicher Anlagen, dient nicht nur dem sparsamen Umgang mit vorhandenen Mitteln, sondern verringert auch die Gefahr des plötzlichen Versagens von tragenden Bauteilen. Dadurch werden Gefahren für die Nutzer der Bauwerke frühzeitig abgewendet. Die Notwendigkeit der systematischen Instandhaltung mit modernen Methoden wird auch in den Schlußfolgerungen des dritten Bauschadensberichts des Bundesministeriums für Raumordnung, Bauwesen und Städtebau unterstrichen. Um den Zustand eines Bauteils festzustellen, werden ausreichende Informationen über Struktur, Material, Alter, Belastungen, Umweltbedingungen etc. benötigt. Zur Verarbeitung dieser Fülle von Informationen unterschiedlichen Typs (z.B. technische Dokumente, CAD-Zeichnungen, Photos etc.) bei der Überwachung und Dokumentation baulicher Anlagen ist eine geeignete DV-Unterstützung notwendig. Zur Verwaltung der komplexen Baustrukturinformationen werden objektorientierte Bauwerksmodelle benötigt. Zur bedarfsgerechten Aufbereitung der unterschiedlichen Informationsarten und -qualitäten ist zusätzlich eine multimediale Informationsverarbeitung sowohl intern als auch in der Benutzungsschnittstelle erforderlich. Im Beitrag werden die Grundlagen objektorientierter Methoden zur Bauwerksmodellierung sowie von Multimedia mit den Bereichen Text, Graphik (Vektor- und Pixelgraphik), Audio, Photo und Video einschließlich deren Verknüpfungsmöglichkeiten im Sinne von Hypermedia an Beispielen erläutert. Zusätzlich werden aktuelle Entwicklungstendenzen im Bereich der Telekommunikation mit den Möglichkeiten des Computernetzes INTERNET zur Bestandsverwaltung in verteilten Systemen aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden Anwendungen der objektorientierten und multimedialen Informationsverarbeitung in der täglichen Ingenieurpraxis am Beispiel des DV-Systems BestandManager zur Überwachung und Dokumentation baulicher Anlagen vorgestellt. KW - Bauwerk KW - Langzeitverhalten KW - Bauschaden KW - Instandhaltung KW - Objektmodell Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4839 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Semenov, Artem A1 - Melnikov, B. E. T1 - Multimodel Numerical Analysis of the Elasto-Visco-Plastic Deformation of Materials and Constructions N2 - At the present time there is no a generally accepted theory of visco-plasticity which is applicable for a wide class of materials and arbitrary paths of loading. The multimodel approach, based on the creation of hierarchical sequence of the models, is the most rational. The developed library of elasto-visco-plastic models includes both simplest and sophistic models demanding numerous experimental data. A unified general form of constitutive equations for all used elasto-visco-plastic models are presented based upon the concept of tensorial internal state variables. It permits to use unified algorithm of boundary tasks solution for different variants of material models. The developed selection criteria system generates the necessary conditions and provides the choice of the simplest variant of theory sufficient for correct problem solution. Formulation of the selection criteria system is based on peculiarities of viscoplastic materials behavior for the wide range thermomechanical loading and numerous computational experiments with structures different complexity levels. A set of effective schemes of integration stress-strain relations and non-linear finite element system solution are discussed for the considered class of material models. Application possibility of different material models is studied both for material element and for complicated structures. Application of the multimodel approach in numerical computations has demonstrated possibility of reliable prediction of stress-strain response under wide variety of combined loading. KW - Stoffgesetz KW - Elastoplastizität KW - Viskoplastizität Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5282 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schreier, H. T1 - Näherungsverfahren zur Lösung eines Transportproblems der diskreten Schüttgutoptimierung N2 - Gegenstand der Betrachtung ist ein spezielles Tourenproblem der Schüttgutoptimierung. Man stelle sich als Realitätsbezug ein Transportunternehmen vor, das eine Anzahl von gleichartigen Fahrzeugen in einem Fuhrpark stationiert hat. Vorgegebene Mengen von Schüttgut müssen von einer Kiesgrube zu mehreren Baustellen transportiert werden. Dabei sind Be- und Entladezeiten, unterschiedliche mittlere Geschwindigkeiten für Leer- bzw. Lastfahrten und Schichtzeiten zu berücksichtigen. Gesucht ist eine optimale Anzahl von einzusetzenden Fahrzeugen und die zugehörigen Tourenpläne mit dem Ziel der Minimierung der Transportkosten unter Beachtung der Lieferverträge. Die Lösung des Problems erfolgt in zwei Phasen. Zuerst wird die Frage geklärt, wieviele Fahrzeuge bei minimalem Kostenniveau einzusetzen und welche zu den Leerfahrten gehörigen Teilstrecken wie oft zu befahren sind. Anschließend wird mit heuristischen Verfahren versucht, die Menge der zu fahrenden Teilstrecken so auf die Fahrzeuge aufzuteilen, daß für jedes Fahrzeug eine zulässige Tour entsteht. Zur komplexen Lösung einer denkbaren Aufgabe liegt ein Programm in der Programmiersprache PASCAL vor. Die erzielten numerischen Resultate belegen, daß auch für Probleme größerer Dimension eine Optimallösung oder sehr gute Näherungen in vernünftiger Zeit gefunden werden. KW - Transportproblem Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5195 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werkle, Horst A1 - Hansen, R. A1 - Röder, J. T1 - Object oriented databases in software development for structural analysis N2 - A technique for using object-oriented technologies to write structural analysis software has been developed. The structural design information of an individual building is stored in an object-oriented database. A global database provides general design values as material data and safety factors. A class library for load elements has been evolved to model the transfer of loads in a building. This class library is the basis for the development of further classes for other structural elements such as beams, columns or slabs. A software has been developed to monitor the forces transferred from one structural member to another in a building for load cases and combinations according to Eurocode 1. The results of the analysis are stored in the projects database from which a structural design report may be generated. The software was developed under Microsoft Visual C++. The Microsoft Foundation Class Library (MFC) was used to program the Graphical User Interface (GUI). Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technology is useful to include any type of OLE server objects for example texts written with a word processor or CAD drawings in the structural design report. The Object-Oriented Database Management System (OODBMS) ObjectStore provides services to store the large amount of objects. KW - Baustatik KW - Objektorientiertes Datenbanksystem Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4599 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salpagarova, A. A. A1 - Temirbulatov, P. I. T1 - On one systemic Development of the Problem of Allocation N2 - Problem of discretic programming in conditions of manycriterial is considered. Set of work, being subject to fulfilment, is available. Are certain also: set of the executors; set, machines; set of resources (materials, semifinished items and etc.) and other set. As a functional complex name set, which will be formed, when on one representative of each of the specified sets is nominated to one working place. The allowable decision of a examined problem represents set of not crossed complexes provided that, for each working place one functional complex is certain in the accuracy. The elementary case of a formulated above problem is known under the name >a problem about purposes< [1], when the complex is defined as a pair >an executor - working place<. In case of three-element complexes we come to a problem about three-combinations. In a general case the complex consists from m of elements and the problem of formation of m-element complexes is formulated on the m-colour column. KW - Entscheidung bei mehrfacher Zielsetzung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5431 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kähler, Uwe T1 - On the solution of spatial generalizations of Beltrami equations N2 - With the help of functional analytical methods complex analysis is a powerful tool in treating non-linear first-order partial differential equations in the plane. Some of the most important of these equations are the Beltrami equations. This is due to the fact that the theory of Beltrami systems is related to many problems of geometry and analysis, like non-linear subsonic two-dimensional hydrodynamics, problems of conformal and quasiconformal mappings of two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, or complex analytic dynamics. The theory of Beltrami equations is strongly connected with the -operator. This singular integral operator is immediately recognized as two-dimensional Hilbert-transform, known also under the name of integral operator with Beurling kernel, acting as an isometry of L2(C) onto L2(C). In hypercomplex function theory the Beltrami equations have not yet this importance, but nevertheless, they are a basic condition for the transfer of complex methods and efforts for solving partial differential equations, especially of non-linear type, to the spatial case. Here we deal with hypercomplex Beltrami systems. For this we restrict ourselves to the quaternionic case, but without any loss of generality. We will show how a spatial generalization of the complex -operator can be used to solve systems of non-linear partial differential equations, in particular different types of spatial Beltrami systems. Also, the for practical purposes so important norm estimates will be derived. Some of our results are stronger as known results in the complex case, but they are applicable in the complex situation, too. KW - Beltrami-Gleichung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Manfred A1 - Breit, Manfred A1 - Märki, Fabian T1 - Optimization of 4D Process Planning using Genetic Algorithms N2 - The presented work focuses on the presentation of a discrete event simulator which can be used for automated sequencing and optimization of building processes. The sequencing is based on the commonly used component–activity–resource relations taking structural and process constraints into account. For the optimization a genetic algorithm approach was developed, implemented and successfully applied to several real life steel constructions. In this contribution we discuss the application of the discrete event simulator including its optimization capabilities on a 4D process model of a steel structure of an automobile recycling facility. KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Genetischer Algorithmus Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2360 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhak, S. V. A1 - Sidorenko, V. S. T1 - Optimized Models of Modes Choice for Displacement of technical Systems Objects N2 - The effectiveness of working processes accomplished by various technological machines to a large extend depends on working quality of supply, transporting and orientating mechanisms which are very often produced as positional hydro-mechanical systems. The choice of their best type and regimes of work requires construction and analysis of models of their optimum steering which are complicated by nonlinearness, multy-criterialness of problem and also by occasional outbreaks of parameters and moments of steering regime changing. It was developed the common structure of such systems allowing within common scheme to vary the complexity degree of PHMS and the methods of inhibitory efforts supplement. For some systems which are complicated in series (from two-measured linear system to nine-measured non-linear) puzzles of the most fast zero-ambit getting are solved and two-criterial problems are analyzed. (T-min-speed, Z(T)- accuracy). There are suggested the computing procedures of optimum PHMS synthesis. The effectiveness of accepted methods of solving is asserted by the analogy of the results of gradually complicated models investigation and by their good analogy with the natural experiment. It was exposed the sense of heuristic methods of improving of approximately optimum steering, their elaboration on the base of theoretical models. The basic methods of optimum PGMS construction were also nominated. KW - Modellierung KW - Optimierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5347 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lämmer, Lutz A1 - Burghardt, Michael A1 - Meißner, Udo F. T1 - Parallele Netzgenerierung N2 - Bei der Berechnung von statischen oder dynamischen Problemen mit Hilfe der Methode der Finiten Elemente ist eine Diskretisierung des zu berechnenden Gebietes notwendig. Bei einer sinnvollen Modellierung des Gebietes ist die Elementgröße meist nicht konstant, sondern ist an kritischen Stellen kleiner. Die Vorgaben hierfür können einerseits aus Erfahrungen des Anwenders, andererseits aus einer Fehlerabschätzung einer vorangegangenen FE-Berechnung resultieren [5]. Soll die FE-Berechnung auf einem Parallelrechner geschehen, ist eine Partitionierung des Gebietes, d.h. eine Zuordnung der Elemente zu den Prozessoren, notwendig. Bei dem hier beschriebenen Ansatz werden nun im Gegensatz zu den üblichen Verfahren erst die Eingangsdaten für den Netzgenerator umgewandelt und dann das Elementnetz direkt auf dem Parallelrecher gleichzeitig auf allen Prozessoren erzeugt. Eine Aufteilung der Elemente auf die Prozessoren entsteht als Nebenprodukt der Netzaufteilung. Die entstehenden Teilgebietsgrenzen werden geometrisch minimiert. Die Lastbalance der Netzaufteilung sowie der FE-Rechnung wird durch ein annähernd gleiche Anzahl der Elemente je Partition gewährleistet. Als Eingabedaten wird eine Beschreibung des Gebietes durch Polygonzüge, sowie einer Netzdichtefunktion, z.B. durch Punkte mit Angaben über die angestrebte Elementgröße, benötigt. KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Gittererzeugung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5315 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shih, Naai-Jung A1 - Lee, Wen-Pang T1 - Particle Simulation and Evaluation of Personal Exposure to Contaminant Sources in an Elevation Space N2 - An elevator, which figures a small volume, is normally used by everyone for a short period of time and equipped with simple ventilation system..Any contaminant released within it may cause serious problem. This research adapt a fire and smoke simulation software (FDS) into non-fire indoor airflow scario. Differently from previous research, particles are chosen as a risk evalution unit. A personal and multi-personal exposure model is proposed. The model takes the influence of the human thermal boundary, coughing, inhalation, exhalation, standing position, and the fan factor into account. The model is easy-to-use and suitable for the design of elevator system in practice. KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Luft KW - Schadstoffkonzentration Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2376 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hering, F. T1 - Penrose-Pflasterungen in der Architektur - die künstlerische Umsetzung eines mathematischen Modells im Gemeindeverwaltungs-Zentrum von Bütgenbach, Belgien N2 - Der englische Physiker und Mathematiker Roger Penrose hat eine mathematische Pflasterung entdeckt, deren Formenreichtum neue Impulse in der Architektur setzen kann. In der Gemeinde Bütgenbach im Hohen Venn, Belgien, wurde das Verwaltungszentrum durch den Essener Architekten Ernst Burghartz mit mehrereren Penrose-Pflasterungen versehen. Diese beruhen auf einem Computer-Programm, welches der Vortragende zusammen mit Dr. Frank Martini entwickelt hat. Herr Burghartz hat jedoch diesen Vorentwurf nach seinen künstlerischen Vorstellungen abgewandelt. KW - Anwendung KW - Architektur KW - Pflasterungen (Mathematik) Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5247 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaplinski, O. T1 - Phenomenon of inhertia in the Production Systems reliability Analysis N2 - The paper analyses the influence of the effect of inertia on the reliability of production systems. Systems inertia represents the phenomenon of continuing work for some time after the breakdown of one of the former phases. In our considerations, inertia is treated as the time elapsed from the onset of breakdown till the system's inability to work. A special method had to be devised to investigate the effect of inertia in order to evaluate the reliability of production systems and to attempt algorithmization to control the reliability of production system by means of inertia or reserving. The method of reliability analysis is presented only in an inform aspect. The possibilities of increasing reliability of production systems are listed. A comparison of the redundancy method and inertia method is presented. The results of this comparison and simulated investigations of influence of inertia on reliability of system are essential scope of the paper. Selected conclusions are as follows: when inertia approaches the last phase in the system, its influence on the shape of the distribution of the system's ability increases; an increase in inertia causes an increase in the availability of the system which approaches a certain border value; dependence of the average of a system's disability on inertia has a saddle-like character whereas dependence of the number of breakdowns (stoppages) in the system has the nature of an S-curve. KW - Zuverlässigkeitstheorie KW - Trägheit Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5320 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gao, Zuoren A1 - Wu, Weiyu A1 - Ren, Aizhu T1 - Physically Based Modeling and Multi-Physical Simulation System for Wood Structure Fire Performance N2 - This research is devoted to promoting the performance-based engineering in wood structure fire. It looks into the characteristic of the material, structural composing and collapse detecting to find out the main factors in the wood structure collapse in fire. The aim of the research is to provide an automatic simulation platform for the complicated circulation. A physically based model for slim member for beams and columns and a frame of multi-physical simulation are provided to implement the system. The physically based model contains material model, structural mechanics model, material mechanics model, as well as geometry model for the compositive simulation. The multi-physical simulation is built on the model and has the capacity to carry out a simulation combining structural, fire (thermal, CFD) and material degradation simulation. The structural and fire simulation rely on two sophisticated software respectively, ANSYS (an FEA software) and FDS (with a core of CFD). Researchers of the paper develop system by themselves to combine the two existing ones. The system has the capability to calculate the wood char to find out the loss of cross-section and to detect the collapse caused in different ways. The paper gives a sample of Chinese traditional house to show how this simulation system works. KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Holzbau KW - Brandschutz Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2381 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kang, Shihchung A1 - Miranda, Eduardo T1 - Physics Based Model for Simulating the Dynamics of Tower Cranes N2 - The goal of the research is to increase the understanding of dynamic behaviors during the crane operation, and develops computer-aided methods to improve the training of crane operators. There are approximately 125,000 cranes in operation today in the construction industry, responsible for major portion of erection activities. Unfortunately, many accidents occur every year in the U.S. and other countries related to the operation of cranes in construction sites. For example on November 28, 1989 a tower crane collapse during the construction of a building in San Francisco killing four construction workers, one civilian and injuring 28. According to the statistics from Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA), there were 137 crane-related fatalities from 1992 to 2001 in the US. A well-known internet website that keeps track of crane-related accidents (craneaccidents.com), reports 516 accidents and 277 fatalities from 2000 to 2002. These statistics show that even though many measures have been taken to decrease the number of crane-related accidents (Braam, 2002), the number of crane related accidents is still very large. It is important to recognize that each construction related fatality is not only a great human loss but also increases the costs of insurance, lawsuits, and the construction budget due to delay of a project (Paulson 1992)... KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Turmdrehkran KW - Dynamische Belastung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2409 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smarsly, Kay A1 - Hartmann, Timo A1 - Rüppel, Uwe A1 - König, Markus ED - Smarsly, Kay T1 - Positionspapier des Arbeitskreis Bauinformatik N2 - Die Bauinformatik ist eine Säule der modernen Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften und befasst sich mit der Erforschung grundlegender informatorischer Methoden sowie mit der Anwendung und Weiterentwicklung der Informationswissenschaften im Bau- und Umweltbereich. Der Arbeitskreis Bauinformatik konstituiert sich aus Wissenschaftlern, die an Universitäten im deutschsprachigen Raum auf dem Fachgebiet Bauinformatik lehren und forschen. Ausgehend vom erreichten Entwicklungsstand der Bauinformatik skizziert dieses Positionspapier die Aufgaben des Arbeitskreises und formuliert eine Grundlage für eine abgestimmte Weiterentwicklung an den deutschsprachigen Universitäten. KW - Bauinformatik KW - Bauinformatik Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170523-32219 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holtzhauer, Eric A1 - Saal, Helmut T1 - Product modelling in the steel construction domain N2 - The complexity of the relationships between the actors of a building project requires high efficiency in communication. Among other things, data sharing is crucial. The exchange of data is made possible by interfaces between expert programs, which rely on product models. The latter are neutral standards with formal definitions of building objects and their attributes. This paper deals with the state of the art and the research activities concerning product models in the steel construction domain and the advantages provided by this technology for the sector. KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Stahlbau Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2415 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Firmenich, Berthold T1 - Product Models in Network Based Co-operation in Structural Engineering N2 - The Priority Programme ‘Network Based Co-operation in Structural Engineering’ of the ‘German Research Foundation’ (DFG) has been established in the year 2000. This paper describes and discusses the main research directions and first results of the workgroup ‘Distributed Product Models’. The five projects of the workgroup have developed completely different solutions for specific application domains. Each solution concept deals with a consistent product modeling and knowledge processing in a distributed environment in the planning process. The individual solution approaches of the projects are described and the underlying basic assumptions are discussed. A unified system architecture is described for all projects of the workgroup. Two different approaches (object-oriented and graph-based models) have been introduced for product and knowledge modeling. The common structure of these models will be explained to fully understand the differences of these modeling approaches. Finally the concepts for co-operative work and conflict management in a distributed environment are described: The solution approaches will be distinguished by classifying the supported co-operation according to time. A final scientific summary describes the state-of-the-art in network based co-operation in structural engineering: The role of research directions like knowledge modeling, standard product modeling and versioning in the distributed planning process will be explained. KW - Produktmodell KW - Bautechnik KW - Forschungskooperation Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2119 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Routmann, Y. L. T1 - Pseudorigidity method for solving the problem of limit equilibrium of rigid-plastic constructions N2 - 1.Design calculations , based upon the theory elasticity , cannot completely satisfy engineers and designers , because cannot answer to basic question about overload capability . Only design calculations of limit equilibrium of rigid-plastic constructions can answer to this question completely enough. As a rule , such design calculations are made issue from hypothesis, that material of construction has rigid-plastic diagram Prandtl .This scheme of calculation gives qualitatively more correct results, then usual calculation, based upon law Hooke’s , and allows more really estimate ultimate strength of construction due to different loads. Universal algorithms for solving the problem of limit equilibrium have been created since the middle of the 60’s.These algorithms are based upon two basic theorems about limit analysis - static and kinetics. It was found , that with the help of above-mentioned theorems the problem of limit equilibrium can be formulated as a problem of linear programming (for linear yield) or nonlinear programming (for yield Guber-Mizes). The method of linear programming conformably to calculation of rod systems got the most development in the reports Prager W. [1] and Chiras A. [ 2 ]. The method of linear programming conformably to plates and shells was widely used by Rganizin A.[3]. [3[ contains more full bibliography about this problem. Calculation of limit equilibrium with the help of linear and nonlinear programming has a few significant lacks: - complexity and laboriousness preliminary preparation of problem for PC; - necessity to use special program means , which are not in usual program packet for strength analysis. Author worked out a new method about design calculation of limit equilibrium without above-mentioned lacks . The method is based upon analogy of relations between internal generalized efforts and generalized deformations in elastic system and between generalized efforts and velocities of change generalized deformations in rigid-plastic system. Because later rigid-plastic deformation would be treated as an elastic deformation in the system with special constructed rigidities , this method could be called >pseudorigidity method<. KW - Plastizitätstheorie KW - Gleichgewicht KW - Grenzzustand Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5447 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Venturino, Ezio A1 - Raciti, F. T1 - Quaternion methods for random matrices in quantum physics N2 - The theory of random matrices, or random matrix theory, RMT in what follows, has been developed at the beginning of the fties to describe the sta- tistical properties of energy levels of complex quantum systems, [1], [2], [3]. In the early eighties it has enjoyed renewed interest since it has been recognized as a very useful tool in the study of numerous physical systems. Specically, it is very useful in the analysis of chaotic quantum systems. In fact, in the last years many papers appeared about the problem of quantum chaos which implies the quantization of systems whose underlying classical dynamics is irregular (i.e. chaotic). The simplest models considered in this eld are billi- ards of various shapes. From the the classical point of view, a point particle in a 2-dimensional billiard displays regular or irregular motion depending on the shape of the billiard; for instance motion in a rectangular or circular billi- ard is regular thanks to the symmetries of the boundary. On the other hand, billiards of arbitrary shapes imply chaotic motion, i.e. exponential diver- gence of initially nearby trajectories. In order to study quantum billiards we have to consider the Schroedinger equation in various 2-dimensional domains. The eigenvalues of the Schroedinger equation represent the allowed energy levels of our quantum particle in the billiard under consideration, while the eigenfunction norms represent the probability density of nding the particle in a certain position. The question of quantum chaos is whether the charac- ter of the classical motion (regular or chaotic) can in uence some properties KW - Quantenphysik KW - Quaternion Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5029 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voronin, V. P. T1 - Renovation's peculiarities of industrial enterprises in conditions of economic selfsufficiency N2 - Probleme of recrienfation of building complex, to the sharp increase of share of reconstruction works, capital repair and modernisation of in-dustrial plants are concidered in this work. The conception of develop-ment and creation of unitified system of expluatation and renovation of industrial plants are worded out. This system is based on date-computer technology and taking into conciderations of real economic relations. KW - Bauwerk KW - Rekonstruktion KW - Wirtschaftlichkeit Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5296 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiviniemi, Arto A1 - Fischer, Martin T1 - Requirements Management Interface to Building Product Models N2 - In current AEC practice client requirements are typically recorded in a building program, which, depending on the building type, covers various aspects from the overall goals, activities and spatial needs to very detailed material and condition requirements. This documentation is used as the starting point of the design process, but as the design progresses, it is usually left aside and changes are made incrementally based on the previous design solution. These incremental small changes can lead to a solution that may no longer meet the original requirements. In addition, design is by nature an iterative process and the proposed solutions often also cause evolution in the client requirements. However, the requirements documentation is usually not updated accordingly. Finding the latest updates and evolution of the requirements from the documentation is very difficult, if not impossible. This process can lead to an end result, which is significantly different from the documented requirements. Some important requirements may not be satisfied, and even if the design process was based on agreed-upon changes in the scope and requirements, differences in the requirements documents and in the completed building can lead to well-justified doubts about the quality of the design and construction process... KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Bauwerk KW - Modellierung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2427 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gong, Dejun A1 - Huang, Limang A1 - Chen, Xi T1 - Research and Application on Highway Construction Visual Management Information System based on the Network and GIS N2 - The paper introduced the research and application of the highway construction management information integrated system. Explained the development and application of highway survey applet run on mobile telephone supporting Java and the technique of transmitting engineering data by GPRS wireless network technology. And expounded the development and application of highway engineering construction field data collecting software run on Pocket-PC. Recommended the technique of engineering long distance data transmitting based on C/S structure adopting VPN (Virtual Private Networks) technology. Especially expatiated on the research on the platform of highway construction management information integrated system adopting geography information system (GIS) technique, database technique and network technique. And said all to subsystem about bid manage, contract management, engineering design drawing, engineering survey calculation, measure and pay, data processing on engineering experiment, quantity assessing, project plan and progress, engineering document management etc. Besides? proposed highway construction project visual analysis and inquiry system based on Web-GIS; Explained the research and application of highway engineering construction OA based on B/S structure; real-time workflow and information processing such as the management of administration, business and procedure of authorization and information distribution. At last, the author described the prospect of the application of C/S and B/S structure in trade software development in the highway construction management. KW - Geoinformationssystem KW - Straßenbau Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2661 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bakurova, A. V. A1 - Perepelitsa, V. A. A1 - Zin'kovskaya, J. S. T1 - Research of Stability of Vector Problem of spanning Tree with topological Criteria N2 - A multicriterial statement of the above mentioned problem is presented. It differes from the classical statement of Spanning Tree problem. The quality of solution is estimated by vector objective function which contains weight criteria as well as topological criteria (degree and diameter of tree). Many real processes are not determined yet. And that is why the investigation of the stability is very important. Many errors are connected with calculations. The stability analysis of vector combinatorial problems allows to discover the value of changes in the initial data for which the optimal solution is not changed. Furthermore, the investigation of the stability allows to construct the class of the problems on base of the one problem by means of the parameter variations. Analysis of the problems with belong to this class allows to obtaine axact and adecuate discription of model KW - Spannender Baum KW - Vektorfunktion KW - Stabilität Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5159 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osada, Teppei A1 - Koike, Hirotaka A1 - Morimoto, Akinori T1 - Research on Establishment of a Standard of Traffic Impact Assessment with Integrated Database System N2 - Planning support systems, such as geographical information system (GIS) and traffic flow simulation models, are widely in use in recent urban planning research. In this paper we propose a method to apply traffic impact assessment (TIA) to large-scale, commercial developments. In TIA research we often encounter the problem of increasing amount of data that is necessary for detailed investigation and analysis, as the scale of commercial developments become larger and more complex. As a result, TIA presents two problems. The first problem is the difficulty of data acquisition. The second problem is the reliability of data. As a solution, we developed an integrated database system. KW - Verkehrsplanung KW - Simulation KW - Datenbanksystem Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2647 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Takagi, Kousuke A1 - Tani, Akinori A1 - Kawamura, Hiroshi T1 - Research on Intelligent Fuzzy Optimal Active and Hybrid Control Systems of Building Structures - Verification of Optimization Method on Switching Rules of Control Forces N2 - Recently, many reseraches on active control systems of building structures are preformed based on modern control theory and are installed real buildings. The authors have already proposed intelligent fuzzy optimal active control (IFOAC) systems. IFOAC systems imitate intelligent activities of human brains such as prediction, adaptation, decision-kaking and so on. In IFOAC systems, objective and subjective judgements on the active control can be taken into account. However, IFOAC systems are considered to be suitable for far-field erathquake and control effect becomes small in case of near-field earthqaukes which include a few velosity pules with large amplitudes. To improve control effect in case of near-souece earthquakes, the authors have also proposed hybrid control (HC) systems, in which IFOAC systems and fuzzy control system are combined. In HC systems, the fuzzy control systems are introduced as a reflective fuzzy active control (RFAC) system and imitates spinal reflection of human. In HC systems, active control forces are activated to buildings in accordance with switching rules on active control forces. In this paper, optimizations on fuzzy control rules in RFAC system and switching rules of active control forces in HC system are performed by Parameter-Free Genetic Algorithms (PfGAs). Here, the optimization is performed by using different earthquake inputs. The results of digital simulations show that the HC system can reduce maximal response displacements under restrictions on strokes of the actuator effectively in case of a near-source earthquake and the effectiveness of the proposed HC system is discussed and clarified. KW - Mehragentensystem KW - Lernendes System KW - Fuzzy-Logik KW - Optimierung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2238 ER -