TY - THES A1 - Javanmardi, Leila T1 - URBANISM AND DICTATORSHIP. A Study on Urban Planning in Contemporary History of Iran, Second Pahlavi: 1941-1979 N2 - The evolution of urbanism under dictatorship forms the core of the current research. This thesis is part of a research network at Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, which studies the 20th century's urbanism under different dictatorships. The network has provided a cross-cultural and cross-border environment and has enabled the author to communicate with other like-minded researchers. The 2015 published book of this group 'Urbanism and Dictatorship: A European Perspective' strengthens the foundation of this research's theoretical and methodological framework. This thesis investigates urban policies and plans leading to the advancement of urbanization and the transformation of urban space in Iran during the second Pahlavi (1941-1979) when the country faced a milestone in its history: Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. By reflecting the influence of economic and socio‐political determinants of the time on urbanism and the urbanization process, this work intends to critically trace the effect of dictatorship on evolved urbanism before and after the oil nationalization in 1951. The research on the second Pahlavi's urbanism has been limitedly addressed and has only recently expanded. Most of the conducted studies date back to less than a decade ago and could not incorporate all the episodes of the second Pahlavi urbanism. These works have often investigated urbanism and architecture by focusing merely on the physical features and urban products in different years regardless of the importance of urbanism as a tool in the service of hegemony. In other words, the majority of the available literature does not intend to address the socio-economic and political roots of urban transformations and by questioning 'what has been built?' investigates the individual urban projects and plans designed by individual designers without interlinking these projects to the state's urban planning program and tracing the beneficiaries of those projects or questioning 'built for whom?' Moreover, some chapters of this modern urbanism have rarely been investigated. For instance, scant research has looked into the works of foreign designers and consultants involved in the projects such as Peter Georg Ahrens or Constantinos A. Doxiadis. Similarly, the urbanism of the first decade of the second Pahlavi, including the government of Mossadegh, has mainly been overlooked. Therefore, by critically analyzing the state's urban planning program and the process of urbanization in Iran during the second Pahlavi, this research aims to bridge the literature gap and to unravel the effect of the power structure on urban planning and products while seeking to find a pattern behind the regime's policies. The main body of this work is concentrated on studying the history of urbanism in Iran, of which collecting data and descriptions played a crucial role. To prevent the limitations associated with singular methods, this research's methodology is based on methodological triangulation (Denzin, 2017). With the triangulation scheme, the data is gathered by combining different qualitative and quantitative methods such as the library, archival and media research, online resources, non-participatory observation, and photography. For the empirical part, the city of Tehran is selected as the case study. Moreover, individual non-structured interviews with the locals were conducted to gain more insights regarding urban projects. KW - Stadtplanung KW - Modernisierung KW - Autokratie KW - Segregation KW - Iran KW - Pahlavi KW - Tehran KW - Dictatorship KW - Urban Planning KW - Modernization Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220224-45971 ER - TY - THES A1 - Camerin, Federico T1 - THE ROLE OF THE GREAT PROPERTY IN THE EUROPEAN CITY-MAKING PROCESS IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE 20th CENTURY. MILITARY PROPERTY AS REFERENCE N2 - The thesis concerns a work of urban history intended not to describe the city but rather to interpret it. By doing so, I have interpreted the city by means of the role played by the so-called ‘great property’ in the European city-making process during the last three decades of the 20th century, specifically focused on the concrete case of military properties in Italy. I have also considered the role played by other kinds of great properties, i.e. industries and railway, which previously acted in the production of the built environment in a different way respect to the military one. As all of them have as common denominator the fact of being ‘capital in land’, I analysed great industrial and railway properties in order to extrapolate a methodology which helped me to interpret the relationship between military properties and city-making process in Europe in the late 20th century. I have analysed the relationship between the capital in land and the city-making process on the ground of the understanding the interrelation between the great property, the urban development, and the agents involved in the urban and territorial planning. Here I have showed that urban planning is not the decisive factor influencing the citymaking process, but instead the power held by the capital in land. I have found that is the great property the trigger of the creation of new ‘areas of centrality’ intended as large areas for consumerism. As far as the role played by great property is concerned, I have also discovered that it has evolved over time. Originally, industrial and railway properties have been regenerated into a wide range of new profit-driven spaces; successively, I have found out that most of the regeneration of military premises aimed to materialise areas of centrality. The way of interpreting this factor has been based on focusing my attention on the military premises in Italy: I have classified their typology when they have been built and, most importantly, when they have been regenerated into new areas of centrality. N2 - El trabajo aborda el entendimiento del proceso de construcción de la ciudad europea durante el último tercio del siglo XX, desde el protagonismo y el papel ejercido por la Gran Propiedad, un nuevo concepto elaborado ad hoc dentro del Programa Europeo European Joint Doctorate “urbanHist” en especial, aquella que se identifica con las instalaciones militares en Italia. El intento es esbozar un planteamiento teórico que nos permita un entendimiento de los fenómenos que asisten al proceso de construcción histórico de las ciudades europeas. Bien entendido, que los presupuestos teóricos esbozados se verificarán, en un intento por elaborar una “praxis-teórica”, con ejemplos, casos estudio, extraídos de la realidad construida que identifica a algunas ciudades europeas. T2 - EL PAPEL DE LA GRAN PROPIEDAD EN EL PROCESO DE CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA CIUDAD EUROPEA DURANTE EL ÚLTIMO TERCIO DEL SIGLO XX. LAS PROPIEDADES MILITARES COMO REFERENTE KW - Stadtplanung KW - Stadtgeschichte KW - Urbanität KW - European city-making process KW - capitalist city KW - urban regeneration KW - urban development KW - urban planning KW - urban history KW - urbanism Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200714-42018 ER -