TY - JOUR A1 - Mosavi, Amir A1 - Najafi, Bahman A1 - Faizollahzadeh Ardabili, Sina A1 - Shamshirband, Shahaboddin A1 - Rabczuk, Timon T1 - An Intelligent Artificial Neural Network-Response Surface Methodology Method for Accessing the Optimum Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel Blending Conditions in a Diesel Engine from the Viewpoint of Exergy and Energy Analysis JF - Energies N2 - Biodiesel, as the main alternative fuel to diesel fuel which is produced from renewable and available resources, improves the engine emissions during combustion in diesel engines. In this study, the biodiesel is produced initially from waste cooking oil (WCO). The fuel samples are applied in a diesel engine and the engine performance has been considered from the viewpoint of exergy and energy approaches. Engine tests are performed at a constant 1500 rpm speed with various loads and fuel samples. The obtained experimental data are also applied to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to optimize the exergy and energy efficiencies. Based on the results of the energy analysis, optimal engine performance is obtained at 80% of full load in presence of B10 and B20 fuels. However, based on the exergy analysis results, optimal engine performance is obtained at 80% of full load in presence of B90 and B100 fuels. The optimum values of exergy and energy efficiencies are in the range of 25–30% of full load, which is the same as the calculated range obtained from mathematical modeling. KW - Biodiesel KW - ANN modeling KW - biodiesel KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - diesel engines KW - energy, exergy KW - mathematical modeling KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2018 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180507-37467 UR - http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/4/860 VL - 2018 IS - 11, 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bredekamp, Horst T1 - Auguste Rodins Weimarer Eva N2 - Festvortrag zur feierlichen Wiederaufstellung der von Auguste Rodin gestalteten Plastik "Eva" auf ihren angestammten Platz im Foyer des Hauptgebäudes der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar am 12. Dezember 2018 T3 - Neue Bauhausvorträge - 5 KW - Plastik KW - Kunstgeschichte Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200727-42042 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sirtl, Christin A1 - Hadlich, Christiane A1 - Kraus, Matthias A1 - Osburg, Andrea T1 - Determination of Bonding Failures in Transparent Materials with Non-Destructive Methods – Evaluation of Climatically Stressed Glued and Laminated Glass Compounds JF - World Journal of Engineering and Technology N2 - As part of an international research project – funded by the European Union – capillary glasses for facades are being developed exploiting storage energy by means of fluids flowing through the capillaries. To meet highest visual demands, acrylate adhesives and EVA films are tested as possible bonding materials for the glass setup. Especially non-destructive methods (visual analysis, analysis of birefringent properties and computed tomographic data) are applied to evaluate failure patterns as well as the long-term behavior considering climatic influences. The experimental investigations are presented after different loading periods, providing information of failure developments. In addition, detailed information and scientific findings on the application of computed tomographic analyses are presented. KW - Klebtechnik KW - Non-Destructive Testing KW - Bonding Methods KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2018 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180606-37526 UR - http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=84507 VL - 2018 IS - Vol. 6, No 2 SP - 315 EP - 331 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bock, Violetta A1 - Goes, Thomas A1 - Vollmer, Lisa T1 - Elitenkritik, populare Bündnisse und inklusive Solidaritär. Interview zur Debatte um Linkspopulismus JF - sub\urban. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung N2 - In der aktuellen ökonomischen und politischen Krise haben Debatten um linke Strategien wieder Hochkonjunktur. Besonders kontrovers werden Vorschläge diskutiert, die einen Linkspopulismus als Alternative zum rechten politischen Projekt, zum Neoliberalismus und als Transformationsstrategie hin zu einer sozialistischen Gesellschaft propagieren. Thomas Goes und Violetta Bock haben mit ihrem Buch Ein unanständiges Angebot? Mit linkem Populismus gegen Eliten und Rechte (2017) eine programmatische Aufarbeitung existierender linker Populismuskonzepte und ihre eigene Vorstellung davon, wie ein linker Populismus gelingen kann, vorgelegt. Damit haben sie die Debatte um Linkspopulismus in Deutschland befeuert. Im Interview werden sie nach ihren Positionen und den Kontroversen um das Buch befragt. Das Interview soll als Aufschlag für eine Debatte dienen. Antworten zu den dargestellten Positionen und Bezüge zu städtischen Themen und städtischen sozialen Bewegungen sind sehr willkommen. KW - Populismus KW - Soziale Bewegung KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2018 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180710-37582 UR - http://www.zeitschrift-suburban.de/sys/index.php/suburban/article/view/342/571 SN - 2197-2567 VL - 2018 IS - Band 6, Heft 1 SP - 119 EP - 128 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laak, Dirk van T1 - Freiräume. Historische Hinweise zur Füllung einer Leerstelle N2 - Vortrag, gehalten am 22.11.2017 anlässlich des Wissenschaftstages an der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar T3 - Neue Bauhausvorträge - 4 KW - Freiraum Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180724-37716 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmer, Lisa T1 - Mieter_innenproteste von den 1960er bis in die 1980er Jahre in der BRD. Von der Klassenallianz zur Aufspaltung und Einhegung ins neoliberale Projekt JF - sub\urban. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung N2 - Die späten 1960er Jahre und vor allem die 1970er Jahre waren eine Hochphase der Mieter_innenproteste in der BRD. Dieser Beitrag verfolgt die These, dass die Krise der fordistischen Wohnraumversorgung in den 1960er Jahren, bzw. die von der Politik implementierten Lösungsstrategien dieser Krise, eine Klassenallianz in wohnungsbezogenen Protesten ermöglichte und, dass sich diese Klassenallianz im Laufe der 1970er und 1980er Jahre aufspaltete, was zur Einhegung des Protests in das entstehende neoliberale Projekt führte. Im Folgenden beschreibe ich also zunächst die Wohnungsfrage 1968 als Krise der fordistischen Wohnraumproduktion und damit die materielle Basis der Klassenallianz. Daran anschließend illustriere ich anhand von Protesten in den drei Bereichen Massenwohnungsbau, Sanierungsgebiete und Hausbesetzungen die Klassenallianz und vollziehe ich deren Aufspaltung nach. Und schließlich stelle ich die Frage, was heute aus dieser Geschichte gelernt werden kann. KW - Soziale Bewegung KW - Wohnungspolitik KW - 1968 KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2018 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20181213-38290 UR - http://zeitschrift-suburban.de/sys/index.php/suburban/article/view/434 VL - 2018 IS - Band 6, Heft 2/3 SP - 137 EP - 148 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alsaad, Hayder A1 - Völker, Conrad T1 - Performance assessment of a ductless personalized ventilation system using a validated CFD model JF - Journal of Building Performance Simulation N2 - The aim of this study is twofold: to validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, and then to use the validated model to evaluate the performance of a ductless personalized ventilation (DPV) system. To validate the numerical model, a series of measurements was conducted in a climate chamber equipped with a thermal manikin. Various turbulence models, settings, and options were tested; simulation results were compared to the measured data to determine the turbulence model and solver settings that achieve the best agreement between the measured and simulated values. Subsequently, the validated CFD model was then used to evaluate the thermal environment and indoor air quality in a room equipped with a DPV system combined with displacement ventilation. Results from the numerical model were then used to quantify thermal sensation and comfort using the UC Berkeley thermal comfort model. KW - Ventilation KW - Validierung KW - Strömungsmechanik KW - Raumklima KW - personalized ventilation KW - validation KW - computational fluid dynamics KW - thermal comfort KW - indoor air quality Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20190218-38500 UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19401493.2018.1431806 N1 - Copyright 2018 Taylor & Francis Group and the International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA). This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the authors and Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in the Journal of Building Performance Simulation 11 (6), 689–704 (2018) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2018.1431806 VL - 2018 IS - 11, Heft 6 SP - 689 EP - 704 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Völker, Conrad A1 - Alsaad, Hayder T1 - Simulating the human body's microclimate using automatic coupling of CFD and an advanced thermoregulation model JF - Indoor Air N2 - This study aims to develop an approach to couple a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver to the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) thermal comfort model to accurately evaluate thermal comfort. The coupling was made using an iterative JavaScript to automatically transfer data for each individual segment of the human body back and forth between the CFD solver and the UCB model until reaching convergence defined by a stopping criterion. The location from which data are transferred to the UCB model was determined using a new approach based on the temperature difference between subsequent points on the temperature profile curve in the vicinity of the body surface. This approach was used because the microclimate surrounding the human body differs in thickness depending on the body segment and the surrounding environment. To accurately simulate the thermal environment, the numerical model was validated beforehand using experimental data collected in a climate chamber equipped with a thermal manikin. Furthermore, an example of the practical implementations of this coupling is reported in this paper through radiant floor cooling simulation cases, in which overall and local thermal sensation and comfort were investigated using the coupled UCB model. KW - Numerische Strömungssimulation KW - Mikroklima KW - Wärmeübergangszahl KW - Wärmeempfindung KW - computational fluid dynamics KW - microclimate KW - UCB model KW - heat transfer coefficient KW - thermal sensation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20190218-38517 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ina.12451 N1 - This is the peer reviewed version of the article published in Indoor Air 28 (3), 415-425 (2018) and may be found in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12451. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Copyright 2018 John Wiley & Sons. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the authors and John Wiley & Sons. VL - 2018 IS - 28, Heft 3 SP - 415 EP - 425 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bumberger, Jan A1 - Mai, Juliane A1 - Schmidt, Felix A1 - Lünenschloß, Peter A1 - Wagner, Norman A1 - Töpfer, Hannes T1 - Spatial Retrieval of Broadband Dielectric Spectra JF - Sensors N2 - A broadband soil dielectric spectra retrieval approach ( 1 MHz– 2 GHz) has been implemented for a layered half space. The inversion kernel consists of a two-port transmission line forward model in the frequency domain and a constitutive material equation based on a power law soil mixture rule (Complex Refractive Index Model - CRIM). The spatially-distributed retrieval of broadband dielectric spectra was achieved with a global optimization approach based on a Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) algorithm using the full set of the scattering parameters. For each layer, the broadband dielectric spectra were retrieved with the corresponding parameters thickness, porosity, water saturation and electrical conductivity of the aqueous pore solution. For the validation of the approach, a coaxial transmission line cell measured with a network analyzer was used. The possibilities and limitations of the inverse parameter estimation were numerically analyzed in four scenarios. Expected and retrieved layer thicknesses, soil properties and broadband dielectric spectra in each scenario were in reasonable agreement. Hence, the model is suitable for an estimation of in-homogeneous material parameter distributions. Moreover, the proposed frequency domain approach allows an automatic adaptation of layer number and thickness or regular grids in time and/or space. KW - Theoretische Elektrotechnik KW - electromagnetic scattering KW - microwave propagation KW - dielectric materials KW - dielectric measurements Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180906-37831 UR - http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2780 SP - 1 EP - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mosavi, Amir A1 - Hosseini Imani, Mahmood A1 - Zalzar, Shaghayegh A1 - Shamshirband, Shahaboddin T1 - Strategic Behavior of Retailers for Risk Reduction and Profit Increment via Distributed Generators and Demand Response Programs JF - Energies N2 - Following restructuring of power industry, electricity supply to end-use customers has undergone fundamental changes. In the restructured power system, some of the responsibilities of the vertically integrated distribution companies have been assigned to network managers and retailers. Under the new situation, retailers are in charge of providing electrical energy to electricity consumers who have already signed contract with them. Retailers usually provide the required energy at a variable price, from wholesale electricity markets, forward contracts with energy producers, or distributed energy generators, and sell it at a fixed retail price to its clients. Different strategies are implemented by retailers to reduce the potential financial losses and risks associated with the uncertain nature of wholesale spot electricity market prices and electrical load of the consumers. In this paper, the strategic behavior of retailers in implementing forward contracts, distributed energy sources, and demand-response programs with the aim of increasing their profit and reducing their risk, while keeping their retail prices as low as possible, is investigated. For this purpose, risk management problem of the retailer companies collaborating with wholesale electricity markets, is modeled through bi-level programming approach and a comprehensive framework for retail electricity pricing, considering customers’ constraints, is provided in this paper. In the first level of the proposed bi-level optimization problem, the retailer maximizes its expected profit for a given risk level of profit variability, while in the second level, the customers minimize their consumption costs. The proposed programming problem is modeled as Mixed Integer programming (MIP) problem and can be efficiently solved using available commercial solvers. The simulation results on a test case approve the effectiveness of the proposed demand-response program based on dynamic pricing approach on reducing the retailer’s risk and increasing its profit. In this paper, the decision-making problem of the retailers under dynamic pricing approach for demand response integration have been investigated. The retailer was supposed to rely on forward contracts, DGs, and spot electricity market to supply the required active and reactive power of its customers. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, four schemes for retailer’s scheduling problem are considered and the resulted profit under each scheme are analyzed and compared. The simulation results on a test case indicate that providing more options for the retailer to buy the required power of its customers and increase its flexibility in buying energy from spot electricity market reduces the retailers’ risk and increases its profit. From the customers’ perspective also the retailers’accesstodifferentpowersupplysourcesmayleadtoareductionintheretailelectricityprices. Since the retailer would be able to decrease its electricity selling price to the customers without losing its profitability, with the aim of attracting more customers. Inthiswork,theconditionalvalueatrisk(CVaR)measureisusedforconsideringandquantifying riskinthedecision-makingproblems. Amongallthepossibleoptioninfrontoftheretailertooptimize its profit and risk, demand response programs are the most beneficial option for both retailer and its customers. The simulation results on the case study prove that implementing dynamic pricing approach on retail electricity prices to integrate demand response programs can successfully provoke customers to shift their flexible demand from peak-load hours to mid-load and low-load hours. Comparing the simulation results of the third and fourth schemes evidences the impact of DRPs and customers’ load shifting on the reduction of retailer’s risk, as well as the reduction of retailer’s payment to contract holders, DG owners, and spot electricity market. Furthermore, the numerical results imply on the potential of reducing average retail prices up to 8%, under demand response activation. Consequently, it provides a win–win solution for both retailer and its customers. KW - Risikomanagement KW - demand response programs KW - stochastic programming KW - forward contracts KW - risk management KW - retailer KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2018 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180628-37546 UR - http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/6/1602 VL - 2018 IS - 11, 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -