TY - THES A1 - Long, Jiang T1 - The spatial formation and transformation of Chinese rural clan settlements : A case study of Furong and Cangpo villages in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China N2 - This dissertation attempts to describe, analyze and evaluate how the settlement spaces of Chinese clans in rural areas were shaped by local clan lives in ancient times and transformed along with the transition of those clan organizations in modern China. In approaching this subject, two major questions are raised: what was the role of ancient Chinese rural clans in the spatial formation of their settlements and, nowadays, do they still play the same role as before? To approach these answers, this dissertation sets out to draw on systematically interdisciplinary research from the perspectives of socio-culture and architecture- planning to have an overall understanding of a Chinese clan organization and clan settlement. Then, the basic characteristics of traditional Chinese clans and their importance to the Chinese people are discussed by tracing the history and evolution of Chinese clan organizations in the dissertation. Two old villages, Furong and Cangpo in now Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, are selected for case study research. And the research reveals that it was the clans that took charge of planning and managing the various construction activities, especially those of communal buildings and facilities, within their own settlements, and the clan lives exerted a decisive impact on shaping the settlement spaces, branding the characteristics of the clan lives clearly and deeply on the spaces. Following that, in the dissertation is described the transformation process of traditional Chinese clans in modern and contemporary China. The clan lives in rural areas have been reshaped and this exerts a great impact on clan settlement spaces. It is shown in the case studies of Furong and Cangpo. KW - Sattlement KW - Rural Area KW - Clan KW - Spatial formation KW - Spatial Transformation KW - Chinese rural clan settlement Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130117-18187 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schumann, Alexander T1 - Untersuchung und Beurteilung des Rissverhaltens eines Betongelenkes anhand unterschiedlicher Methoden N2 - Die Bruchmechanik hat einen wichtigen Platz im modernen Bauingenieurwesen, um die Ausbreitung von Rissen in Bauteilen und ihre Gefährlichkeit einzuschätzen. Dabei kommen verschiedenste Methoden zum Einsatz. In dieser Arbeit soll die Qualitätsbewertung für einige dieser Methoden untersucht werden. Zu vergleichen sind u. a. die Genauigkeit, die Schnelligkeit, die Komplexität und die Stabilität. In den Vergleich sind die Finite Elemente Methode, die Extended Finite Elemente Methode und eine Kopplungsmethode (analytische Lösung für die Rissspitze und Finite Elemente Lösung für den Rest des Gebietes) einzubeziehen. Als reales Beispiel aus dem Bauingenieurwesen wird ein Betongelenk mit einem vorhandenen Riss betrachtet. KW - Finite Elemente Methode KW - Extended Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Analytische Lösung KW - Betongelenk KW - Riss KW - Kopplungsmethode Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130722-19829 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiang, Jin-Wu A1 - Wang, Bing-Shen A1 - Rabczuk, Timon T1 - Why twisting angles are diverse in graphene Moir’e patterns? JF - Journal of Applied Physics N2 - Why twisting angles are diverse in graphene Moir’e patterns? KW - Angewandte Mathematik KW - Strukturmechanik Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stratmann, Bernhard T1 - Wissenschaft, Forschung und Forschungsprozess - Eine Einführung N2 - Der Artikel behandelt fünf für das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten besonders relevante Themenfelder: 1) Ziele und Gegenstand wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens, 2) der Zusammenhang von Wissenschaft, Erkenntnis und Fortschritt, 3) eine Darstellung der Forschungslandschaft in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung der Wissenschaftsorganisation, 4) eine ausführliche, praxisorientierte Erläuterung des typischen Ablaufs eines Forschungsprozesses, 5) eine Skizze zur literaturbasierten Forschung. Der Beitrag stellte zahlreiche Bezüge zur Stadtforschung her und nutzt Beispiele zur Illustration der Inhalte. N2 - English Abstract: Science, Research and the Research Process. An Introduction. The article introduces to the foundations of the academic research process. Part one sketches the purpose and subject matter of academic work. The interaction of science, knowledge and progress is the focus of the second part. Part three looks at organisational aspects of scientific research and highlights what institutions structure and do research in Germany. The many important steps that shape the research process are detailed in part four, the most extensive section of this paper. Finally, in part five, it is explained how academic research is conducted which is fully based on the existing body of literature. The paper is geared to undergraduate and graduate students, who are willing to improve their academic skills and their practical understanding of research methodology, the research process in particular. KW - Forschungsprozess KW - academic skills KW - Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten KW - Stadtforschung KW - Methodologie KW - Wissenschaftsorganisation KW - research methodology KW - research process KW - organisation of and institutions for research in Germany Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130212-18498 SP - 1 EP - 33 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ciesla, Agnieszka T1 - “Shrinking city” in Eastern Germany. The Term in the context of urban development in Poland N2 - The aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate whether the German term “shrinking city” is appropriate to depopulating Polish cities. In order to do so an attempt to define the currently still vague notion of “shrinking city” was made. The urban development of Eastern Germany was thoroughly examined both in a short term perspective and in a wide historical as well as international context, with the Polish urban development used as reference. 25 cities (kreisfreie Städte) in Eastern Germany and depopulating Polish cities: Łódź and the Metropolis Silesia were chosen as case studies. On the basis of the gathered information a “shrinking city” in Eastern Germany was defined as a city with a long-lasting population decrease coupled with over-dimensioned, growth-oriented development policies carried out for decades. Such a development path is triggering negative consequences in the spatial, economic and also demographic dimension, which tend to intensify each other. The thesis postulates that the definition of the “shrinking city in Eastern Germany” is not appropriate to depopulating cities in Poland. Polish cities are characterized by a short-lasting population decrease and this trend is not triggering negative spatial and economic consequences. Oversized growth development policies were never present in the cities and they still suffer from great deficiencies in housing and other basic infrastructure, which derive from the socialist period. Furthermore, radical de-economization, known from Eastern German cities, did not occur in the Polish cities. Both Łódź and the Metropolis Silesia remain main production centers of the country. This doctoral thesis presents a contradictory view to contemporary publications on “shrinking cities”, in which this phenomenon is regarded as having occurred suddenly after the collapse of the socialism. It proved that “shrinking cities” in Eastern Germany are not the outcome of short-lasting processes, but are deeply rooted in the past. Moreover, they represent a very distinct development pattern that highly differentiates from the one found in Central Eastern Europe and the one in Western Europe. In this way the doctoral thesis provided a new, critical approach to the discourse on “shrinking cities” in Germany. It also draws attention to the importance of the historical analysis in cities’ development research, particularly in cross border studies. In time of European integration peculiarities resulting from centuries of different spatial, economic and social development paths should not be underestimated. KW - shrinking city KW - Stadtplanung KW - urban development KW - Central and Eastern Europe KW - demography KW - spatial development KW - economic development KW - socialist city KW - post-socialist city Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130325-18694 ER -