TY - THES A1 - Witter, Ralph T1 - Auswirkungen einer künstlichen Destratifikation auf die thermischen und hydrodynamischen Verhältnisse in der Bleilochtalsperre N2 - Es werden die Auswirkungen der mit Hilfe eines Blasenschleiers durchgeführten partiellen Destratifikation zur Begrenzung der Algenentwicklung durch Lichtlimitierung auf die thermischen und hydrodynamischen Bedingungen in der Bleilochtalsperre (Thüringen) vorgestellt. Ausgangspunkt bilden die theoretischen Betrachtungen zur Dynamik eines Blasenschleiers, aus denen ein Blasenschleiermodell in einer geschichteten Umgebung hervorgeht. Weiterhin werden die dimensionslosen Kennzahlen der Quell- und der Umgebungsschichtungsstärke, sowie der entdimensionalisierten Einblastiefe eingeführt, mit denen die Dynamik der voll ausgebildeten Schleierströmung beschreibbar ist. Durch Kopplung des Blasenschleiermodells mit einem Umgebungsschichtungsmodell wird die mechanische Effizienz eines Blasenschleiers auf die Destratifikation einer linearen Umgebungsschichtung für einen großen Bereich der Kennzahlen ermittelt und die Leistungsfähigkeit des in der Bleilochtalsperre installierten Schleiers theoretisch nachgewiesen. Die Auswirkungen des Betriebs des Blasenschleiers in der Bleilochtalsperre selbst werden anhand von gemessenen Temperaturprofilen diskutiert und über Stabilitätsberechnungen quantifiziert. Dabei kam es in den Sommermonaten in der Talsperre zur Ausbildung eines 3-Schichtensystems, über dessen Entstehung im Weiteren eine Ursachenanalyse durchgeführt wird. Es werden Untersuchungen zum Einschichtungsverhalten des Zulaufs, zum zeitlichen Verlauf der Temperaturentwicklung in der Talsperre, Isothermenabsenkungsberechnungen für den Bereich unterhalb des Schleiers, Wärmehaushaltsberechnungen und in der Talsperre durchgeführte Driftkörpermessungen vorgestellt, die das Auftreten des 3-Schichtensystems erklären. Angaben über die wesentlichen Auswirkungen der künstlichen Destratifikation auf die limnologischen Verhältnisse in der Talsperre runden die Ergebnisse der hydrodynamischen Untersuchungen schließlich ab. KW - Bleilochtalsperre KW - Algen KW - Wasserlinsendecken KW - Hypertrophie KW - Wachstumshemmung KW - Belüftung KW - Lichtlimitation KW - Destratifikation KW - Blasenschleier KW - mechanische Effizienz KW - Stabilität Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040310-629 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alsaad, Hayder A1 - Völker, Conrad T1 - Could the ductless personalized ventilation be an alternative to the regular ducted personalized ventilation? JF - Indoor Air N2 - This study investigates the performance of two systems: personalized ventilation (PV) and ductless personalized ventilation (DPV). Even though the literature indicates a compelling performance of PV, it is not often used in practice due to its impracticality. Therefore, the present study assesses the possibility of replacing the inflexible PV with DPV in office rooms equipped with displacement ventilation (DV) in the summer season. Numerical simulations were utilized to evaluate the inhaled concentration of pollutants when PV and DPV are used. The systems were compared in a simulated office with two occupants: a susceptible occupant and a source occupant. Three types of pollution were simulated: exhaled infectious air, dermally emitted contamination, and room contamination from a passive source. Results indicated that PV improved the inhaled air quality regardless of the location of the pollution source; a higher PV supply flow rate positively impacted the inhaled air quality. Contrarily, the performance of DPV was highly sensitive to the source location and the personalized flow rate. A higher DPV flow rate tends to decrease the inhaled air quality due to increased mixing of pollutants in the room. Moreover, both systems achieved better results when the personalized system of the source occupant was switched off. KW - Strömungsmechanik KW - Kontamination KW - Belüftung KW - Luftqualität KW - computational fluid dynamics KW - cross-contamination KW - ductless personalized ventilation KW - indoor air quality KW - tracer gas Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20200805-42072 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ina.12720 VL - 2020 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Alsaad, Hayder A1 - Völker, Conrad T1 - Measuring and visualizing the flow supplied by personalized ventilation T2 - Proceedings Book Roomvent 2020 N2 - This study investigates the flow supplied by personalized ventilation (PV) by means of anemometer measurements and schlieren visualization. The study was conducted using a thermal manikin to simulate a seated occupant facing a PV outlet. Air velocity was measured at multiple points in the flow field; the collected velocity values were used to calculate the turbulence intensity. Results indicated that PV was supplying air with low turbulence intensity that was able to penetrate the convective boundary layer of the manikin to supply clean air for inhalation. The convective boundary layer, however, obstructed the supplied flow and reduced its velocity by a total of 0.26 m/s. The PV flow preserved its value until about 10 cm from the face where velocity started to drop. Further investigations were conducted to test a PV diffuser with a relatively large outlet diameter (18 cm). This diffuser was developed using 3d-modelling and 3d-printing. The diffuser successfully distributed the flow over the larger outlet area. However, the supplied velocity and turbulence fields were not uniform across the section. KW - Belüftung KW - Luftqualität KW - Personalized ventilation KW - Schlieren imaging KW - Air quality KW - Thermal manikin Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220622-46573 CY - Turin, Italy ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alsaad, Hayder A1 - Völker, Conrad T1 - Qualitative evaluation of the flow supplied by personalized ventilation using schlieren imaging and thermography JF - Building and Environment N2 - Personalized ventilation (PV) is a mean of delivering conditioned outdoor air into the breathing zone of the occupants. This study aims to qualitatively investigate the personalized flows using two methods of visualization: (1) schlieren imaging using a large schlieren mirror and (2) thermography using an infrared camera. While the schlieren imaging was used to render the velocity and mass transport of the supplied flow, thermography was implemented to visualize the air temperature distribution induced by the PV. Both studies were conducted using a thermal manikin to simulate an occupant facing a PV outlet. As a reference, the flow supplied by an axial fan and a cased axial fan was visualized with the schlieren system as well and compared to the flow supplied by PV. Schlieren visualization results indicate that the steady, low-turbulence flow supplied by PV was able to penetrate the thermal convective boundary layer encasing the manikin's body, providing clean air for inhalation. Contrarily, the axial fan diffused the supplied air over a large target area with high turbulence intensity; it only disturbed the convective boundary layer rather than destroying it. The cased fan supplied a flow with a reduced target area which allowed supplying more air into the breathing zone compared to the fan. The results of thermography visualization showed that the supplied cool air from PV penetrated the corona-shaped thermal boundary layer. Furthermore, the supplied air cooled the surface temperature of the face, which indicates the large impact of PV on local thermal sensation and comfort. KW - Bildverarbeitung KW - Photothermische Methode KW - Visualisierung KW - Belüftung KW - Lüftungsanlage KW - Schlieren imaging KW - Thermography KW - Visualization KW - Personalized ventilation KW - Axial fan Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20211008-45117 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360132319306602?via%3Dihub N1 - This is the accepted manuscript of the article published by Elsevier in Building and Environment 167 (2020) 106450, which can be found at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106450. VL - 2020 IS - Volume 167, article 106450 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER -