TY - THES A1 - Spangenberg, Jörg T1 - Nature in Megacities: São Paulo/Brazil - A Case Study N2 - Die vorliegende Studie analysiert Umweltdienstleistungen von städtischer Vegetation innerhalb der Stadtgrenzen einer Megacity durch maßstabsübergreifende Modellierung und versucht ihren Nutzen näherungsweise zu quantifizieren. Aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln werden die Vorteile (sowie die Herausforderungen) von in Städte eingebetteter Natur für die Bevölkerung aufgezeigt. Aus geographischer Sicht wird, hier am Fallbeispiel der Stadt São Paulo/ Brasilien, das Profil der Megastädte in den niedrigen (tropischen) Breiten betrachtet. Im allgemeinen wird die städtische Vegetation dort von Bevölkerung, Regierungen und ökonomischen Strukturen vernachlässigt. Sie ist zwar spärlich vorhanden, wird aber kaum bewusst wahrgenommen.Während der kurzen Geschichte rasanter Verstädterung, die von massiver Umweltzerstörung begleitet ist, wird Stadtgrün im Disput um den Raum in Städten wie São Paulo zum wahren Luxus. Nicht als Rückentwicklung, sondern als Fortschritt, wird gezeigt, daß ein Ideal durch die Verflechtung zwischen Natur und Stadt dargestellt würde. Die näherungsweise Quantifizierung der Variationen zwischen aktuellem Szenario und begrünten Szenarien zeigt die Notwendigkeit das städtische Biom als ein vom Menschen dominiertes Ökosystem neu zu überdenken. Die Nutzen von städtischer Vegetation sind facettenreich. Diese Arbeit detailliert Vegetation als Katalysator des klimatischen und ökologischen Gleichgewichtes. Des weiteren behandlt sie aktuelle Themen wie Klimawandel, Energieeffizienz und thermische Behaglichkeit, sowie die Reinigung der natürlichen Ressourcen Boden, Wasser und Luft. Insbesondere da derzeit keine effizienten technischen Lösungen existieren, um die Umweltleistungen der Vegetation zu ersetzten. Diese Nutzen tragen zur Lebensqualität und in kontrastreichen Megastädten insbesondere zu sozio-ökologischer Gerechtigkeit bei. Die Vegetation hat in Städten zwei wichtige Dimensionen. Die funktionale Seite bringt konkrete, meßbare Umweltnutzen. Aus symbolischer Sicht repräsentiert Vegetation Natur in Städten, sowie ursprüngliche Naturverbundenheit des Menschen. Zusammenfassend verteidigt die Studie die Wichtigkeit und Wertschätzung von Natur und die vereinigten Anstrengung für wirklich grüne Städte, u.a. weil diese Arbeit zeigt, dass finanzielle Investitionen in städtische Vegetation sich direkt auf die Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem und die Infrastruktur auswirken. Die Stadtregierung São Paulo investierte 2008 umgerechnet 122 Millionen Euro (einhundertzweiundzwanzig Millionen Euro) in Stadtgrün (und Umwelt), dass jährlich mindestens 665 Millionen Euro (Sechshunderfünfundsechzig Millionen Euro) einspart. D.h. mit anderen Worten, dass jeder Euro 1 der in Pflanzung und Pflege von Stadtgrün investiert wird, der Gesellschaft, und damit letzendlich den Einwohnern São Paulos, Ausgaben von mindestens 5 Euro für Gesundheit, den Bau von Regenwasserrückhaltebecken, Energie etc. einspart. N2 - The present study analysis the environmental benefits of urban vegetation within the municipal boundary of a megacity through multi scale integrated modelling to estimate its benefits approximately. The advantages (and challenges) that Nature, inserted into cities, offers to the population are observed from different viewpoints. As geographical reference the profile of megacities located in low (tropical) latitudes was observed, in a case study on the city of São Paulo/ Brazil. Commonly, urban vegetation is overlooked by local people, governments and economical structures. Although sparse vegetation exists, it is hardly recognized. Along the brief history of rapid urbanization which is accompanied by massive environmental degradation, urban green becomes, in the dispute for space, a true luxury in cities like São Paulo. Not as retrogression but as advance, it demonstrates that the integration between nature and city would be desirable. The approximated quantification of the variations which occur between actual scenario and greened scenarios shows the need to rethink the urban biome as a man-dominated ecosystem. The benefits of the urban vegetation are diverse. This work details plants as agents of climatic and ecosystem balance and performance. It also approaches current issues like climate change, energy efficiency and thermal comfort, as well as the purification of natural resources, through the treatment of water, soil and air. Especially because at present no efficient technical solutions exist, that could substitute the environmental services of the vegetation. These benefits contribute to quality of life and increase socio-environmental equity especially important in high-contrast megacities. The vegetation assumes two important roles in cities. The functional dimension brings concrete and measurable benefits to the environment. From a symbolic vision, vegetation represents Nature in cities, approximating humans to their origins. Conclusively the study defends the importance of the valorization of Nature and of the united efforts for literally green cities because it proves that financial investment in urban vegetation has direct effects on the costs destined to the areas of health and infrastructure. The City of São Paulo, invested in 2008 about US$ 180 million (one hundred and eighty million dollars) in urban green (and environment) which tends to save US$ 980 million (nine hundred and eighty million dollars) of expenses annually. In other words, for each US$ 1 invested in planting and maintenance of urban green, the society saves at least US$ 5 of expenses in health, construction of French drains, energy etc. T2 - Natur in Megacities: São Paulo/Brasilien - Eine Fallstudie KW - Stadtgrün KW - Klimaänderung KW - Energieeffizienz KW - Stadtklima KW - Luftreinigung KW - Regenrückhaltebecken KW - Sequestrierung KW - Wert KW - Stadtwald KW - Stadtplanung KW - Retroinnovation KW - Lebensqualität KW - Thermische Behaglichkeit KW - Klimaanlage KW - Retroinnovation KW - Quality of Life KW - Thermal Comfort KW - Air Conditioning Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20101104-15238 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rausch, Gabriel T1 - Dreidimensionale Webanwendungen zur Verräumlichung von Informationen N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Potential von Webanwendungen in 3D zur Vermittlung von Informationen im Allgemeinen und zur Darstellung von städtebaulichen Zusammenhängen im Speziellen. Als grundlegender Faktor der visuellen und funktionalen Qualität - welche die Wahrnehmung des Nutzers direkt beeinflusst -, erfolgt die Bewertung der Machbarkeit von 3D Webinhalten unter Anwendung einer explorativen, qualitativen Evaluierung von Webagenturen. Darauf aufbauend wird das Potential von 3D Webanwendungen aus Nutzerperspektive untersucht, um Zusammenhänge herstellen zu können: einerseits zwischen der Machbarkeit bei der Entwicklung und anderseits die Akzeptanzkriterien beim Rezipienten betreffend. Die empirische Studie, die mit dem Forschungspartner Bosch für diese Arbeit modelliert wurde, eruiert zum einen, inwiefern 3D im Vergleich zu 2D und 2,5D, und zum anderen WebGL im Vergleich zu bisherigen 3D Webtechnologien die visuelle Wahrnehmung und kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit des Nutzers beeinflusst. Die Erkenntnisse der Untersuchung zeigen Parallelen zu bestehenden Studien aus web-fernen Bereichen. Um die Bedeutung von 3D Webanwendungen zur Verbesserung von Entscheidungsprozessen in Stadtplanungsprojekten ableiten zu können, werden Aspekte zur Interaktion und visuellen Wahrnehmung in den speziellen Kontext von Stadtplanungswerkzeugen gebracht. Dabei wird überprüft, ob sich web-basierte 3D Visualisierungen sinnvoll zur Vermittlung städtebaulicher Zusammenhänge einbinden lassen und inwieweit bestehende Projekte, wie in dieser Arbeit beispielhaft das vom Fraunhofer IGD entwickelte Forschungsprojekt urbanAPI, die Technologie WebGL nutzen können. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll die Arbeit Akzeptanzkriterien und Nutzungsbarrieren von 3D Webanwendungen auf Basis der Technologie WebGL identifizieren, um einen Beitrag zur Machbarkeit von Webanwendungen und zur Entwicklung entsprechender Stadtplanungswerkzeuge zu leisten. KW - WEB KW - WebGL KW - 3D KW - Web KW - Application KW - Urban Planning Tool KW - Stadtplanung Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20161116-27029 ER - TY - THES A1 - Manzano Gómez, Noel A. T1 - The reverse of urban planning. Towards a 20th century history of informal urbanization in Europe and its origins in Madrid and Paris (1850-1940) N2 - The objective of this thesis was to understand the 20th-century history of informal urbanisation in Europe and its origins in Madrid and Paris. The concept of informal urbanisation was employed to refer to the process of developing shacks and precarious single-family housing areas that were not planned by the public powers and were considered to be substandard because of their below-average materials and social characteristics. Our main hypothesis was that despite being a phenomenon with ancient roots, informal urbanisation emerged as a public problem and was subsequently prohibited in connection with another historical process occurred: the birth of contemporary urban planning. Therefore, its transformation into a deviant and illegal urban growth mechanism would have been a pan-European process occurring at the same pace that urban planning developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Analysing the 20th-century history of informal urbanisation in Europe was an ambitious task that required using a large number of sources. To contend with this issue, this thesis combined two main methods: historiographical research about informal urbanisation in Europe and archival research of two case studies, Madrid and Paris, to make the account more precise by analysing primary sources of the subject. Our research of these informal areas, which were produced mainly through poor private allotments and housing developed on land squats, revealed two key moments of explosive growth across Europe: the 1920s and 1960s. The near disappearance of informal urbanisation throughout the continent seemed to be a consequence not of the historical development of urban planning—which was commonly transgressed and bypassed—but of the exacerbation of global economic inequalities, permitting the development of a geography of privilege in Europe. Concerning the cases of Paris and Madrid, the origins of informal urbanisation—that is, the moment the issue started to be problematised—seemed to occur in the second half of the 19th century, when a number of hygienic norms and surveillance devices began to control housing characteristics. From that moment onwards, informal urbanisation areas formed peripheral belts in both cities. This growth became the object of an illegalisation process of which we have identified three phases: (i) the unregulated development of the phenomenon during the second half of the 20th century, (ii) the institutional production of “exception regulations” to permit a controlled development of substandard housing in the peripheral fringes of both cities, and (iii) the synchronic prohibition of informal urbanisation in the 1920s and its illegal reproduction. KW - Stadtplanung KW - Verstädterung KW - Historische Soziologie KW - Urban Planning KW - Informal Urbanization KW - Comparative History KW - Historical Sociology KW - European Urban Studies Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220119-45693 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lovsin, Polonca T1 - Between the Urban and the Rural : Back to the city N2 - Abstract This doctoral thesis defines the relationship between the urban and rural in the 21st century, and focuses on food as a key component. The fact that food is, for the most part, produced in the countryside and then transported to the city has a significant influence on this very unbalanced relationship today. The main goal was to show that it is necessary to bring agriculture, urban gardening, the breeding of domestic farm animals, and beekeeping back to the city, which would have a positive affect on both the city and the countryside. All of this is already taking place at the local level, within the neighbourhoods of our cities and through the work of self-organised activities and initiatives, which have been taken up by city residents themselves. One example of this is the community garden, a new model of gardening which offers fertile ground for growing vegetables and to test various forms of co-existence, different ways of designing spaces, the creation of alternative values, and a positive vision for the future of city residents. In 2010, I co-created the community urban garden Beyond a Construction Site, which is the central part of this artistic research. Throughout the entire four-year process of creating this community garden, theory and artistic practice were intertwined, and informed one another. This community garden is an example of a self-organised and self-managed community space located in a residential neighbourhood in the centre of the city of Ljubljana, and as such is a typical example of urbanism from the bottom up. I placed the creation and development of our community garden in a dialogue with the formal way of arranging urban gardening in Ljubljana, a top-down approach, which the city has been carrying out intensively since 2007. I compared the solutions being proposed by the city of Ljubljana for organising urban gardening with the way it is organised in other European cities, the UK, and the USA. I also researched the recent rapid growth of self-organised initiatives which are focused on the local production of food and seek to find more economic and ecologically friendly models to visibly influence the future of cities and the countryside. Here, community gardens play an important role, as in addition to the production of food they are also spaces for the criticism of existing urban policies, a self-organised revitalisation of neglected spaces, and places of resilience, because they differ from that which real estate agencies, large financial companies, and city authorities desire them to be. The community garden Beyond a Construction Site has become living proof that, through a group action, the residents of a neighbourhood can influence existing city policies and the future of both their own neighbourhood and that of the entire city. The initiators of this garden are artists and architects, and we began this community garden in the context of an art festival, which also shows that art can influence the processes of everyday life and help to create much needed spaces within cities to serve various purposes. Our community garden has also shown itself to be an important platform for the exchange of knowledge on organic gardening, ecology in everyday life, and critical architecture, as well as serving to connect related initiatives. Together with these other initiatives we are stronger, and are influencing structural changes within city politics, thereby also co-creating the future of Ljubljana. This community garden is helping us to redefine our relationship with the city and re-awaken the desires and actions of residents connected with realising their fundamental right, the right to the city. My other artworks, which I am presenting in the context of this doctoral thesis, show an optimistic vision for the future of cities. The video animations Back to the City (2011) and The Right Balance (2013), as well as the accompanying collages, visualise a city of the future where urban and rural practices live together side-by-side. This vision is being realised by city residents themselves, with their active participation in the creation of community gardens, growing their own vegetables, urban beekeeping, and by having egg-laying hens in their gardens. My desire was also to present the theoretical concept and scientific research to a non-academic public, and to people without specialised training. Using the method of storytelling I included knowledge from the research into the video animations and collages. In this way my artistic work, with an intentional playfulness, challenges today’s faith in science and theoretical concepts, as well as directing attention to working with common sense, with one’s own hands, and with the earth. This can contribute to a change in the still dominant anthropocentric view of nature, which is an urgently needed change for our future. Keywords: rural, urban agriculture, community gardens, urban beekeeping, the bottom-up approach to urban planning, alternative spaces KW - rural KW - urban agriculture KW - community gardens KW - urban beekeeping KW - the bottom-up approach to urban planning KW - alternative spaces KW - Gemeinschaftsgarten KW - Stadtplanung KW - Agrarprodukt Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20150610-24020 ER - TY - THES A1 - Loos, Karina T1 - Die Inszenierung der Stadt : Planen und Bauen in Weimar in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus T1 - The Staging of the City : Planning and Building in Weimar in the time of National Socialism N2 - Die Stadt Weimar nimmt in der deutschen Geschichte und in deren Rezeption eine besondere Stellung ein. Sie steht als Metapher für verschiedene kulturhistorische Epochen. Seit der Jahrhundertwende avancierte sie zum komprimierten Spiegelbild deutscher Befindlichkeiten. Für die Nationalsozialisten stellte Weimar eine wesentliche Station für ihren Aufstieg von München nach Berlin, einen erfolgreichen "Kampf- und Experimentierort" dar. Doch auch von 1932-1945 konnten sie in der Stadt außerordentlich aktiv werden. Beispielhaft äußerte sich das in den zeitgenössischen Bauprojekten, in der zeitgenössischen Baupolitik. Die Dissertation behandelt die gesamte Spannbreite der baulichen und planerischen Aktivitäten in und um Weimar in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Sie thematisiert sowohl die repräsentativen Projekte, als auch die Baulichkeiten des Komplexes zum Konzentrationslager Weimar-Buchenwald, ebenso die Wohn- und Kulturbauten, die Kasernenarchitekturen, die Industrie-, Verkehrs- und Behelfsbauten sowie städtebauliche Planungen. Die Gebäude und Komplexe werden im kulturpolitischen Kontext betrachtet, planungs- und baugeschichtlich untersucht, umfassend architektonisch-gestalterisch und städtebaulich-gestalterisch analysiert, dokumentiert, in ihrer gegenseitigen Beeinflussung dargestellt, verglichen und gewertet. Gegebenenfalls werden Querbeziehungen zu anderen Objekten in Deutschland, außerdem zu zeitgleichen nichtbaulichen Ereignissen in Weimar bzw. Deutschland aufgezeigt. Ein Gesamtbild zur Bauplanung und zum Bauschaffen im Dritten Reich in einer Stadt, beispielhaft in der symbolbeladenen Stadt Weimar wird erstellt; ein Stück verdrängter Kulturgeschichte der Stadt Weimar wird rekonstruiert. N2 - The town of Weimar occupies a special position in German history and how it is regarded. It acts as a metaphor for different cultural and historical epochs. Since the turn of the century Weimar has advanced to a concentrated mirror-image of all things German. For the National Socialists Weimar represented a significant station in its ascent from Munich to Berlin, a successful place for "battle and experimentation". Between the years of 1932-45 they became extraordinarily active in the town, as reflected in the building projects and building policy of the time. The thesis examines the entire extent of building and planning activities in and around Weimar during the time of National Socialism. It discusses not only representative buildings but also the concentration camp complex Weimar-Buchenwald, as well as residential and cultural buildings, military barracks, industrial and temporary buildings, infrastructure and urban planning. The buildings and building complexes are regarded from within their political and cultural context, their planning and historical background examined, their architectonic and urban qualities analysed. Relative and reciprocal influences are demonstrated, compared and assessed, and parallels to other contemporary builtobjects and non-built historical events in Germany and Weimar revealed. KW - Weimar KW - Nationalsozialismus KW - Stadtplanung KW - Stadtentwicklung KW - Konzentrationslager KW - Wohnungsbau KW - Öffentliche Bauten KW - Kasernenenbauten KW - Industrie- und Verkehrsbauten KW - concentration camp KW - social housing KW - public building KW - barracks KW - industrial building Y1 - 2000 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040225-502 ER - TY - THES A1 - Liu, Chong T1 - The Contemporary Development of Qingdao's Urban Space - The Perspective of Civil Society's Participation in Chinese Urban Planning N2 - The main hypothesis of this research is that civil society’s participation is able to improve the planning results in the Chinese city of Qingdao in the contemporary age. Qingdao is a young city developed from a German colony in eastern China. Apart from the powers of the government and the market, the 'third power', including mainly the power of volunteer citizens and the citizens’ organisations, also positively promoted the spatial development in Qingdao’s history. Since 1978’s reform, Qingdao’s great progress in urban housing, historic preservation, public space and urban traffic results mainly from the increasing strength of both the government and the market, while the government has always been the dominant promoter for urban construction. The actual planning mechanism – the government formulates 'what to do' itself and decides 'how to do it' with the market – has much limit in reacting to the rapidly changing situation, serving diversified social interests, and raising sufficient funds for the city’s urgent demands in Qingdao. Searching for new development strategies based on the understanding of civil society in the Chinese context can provide a promising perspective on the urban studies of Qingdao. Chinese civil society can be understood as the intermediate sphere of individuals, families, citizen’s organisations, social movements, public communication, and of the non-governmental body’s non-for-profit involvement for the provision of public services between the state and the market. China has its own cultural tradition of civil society, and the modern civil society in China is showing its great potential in improving social integration and urban life. The Chinese government has started to advocate for civil society’s participation in urban construction, and encouraging the 'bottom-up' mechanism in the planning-related issues through political statements and legislative approaches since the last two decades. The existing planning practice in China is able to demonstrate that civil society’s participation helps improve the quality of Chinese urban planning realistically under present conditions, and that moderation of planning experts and the push of the authority are the key factors for successfully integrating the strength of civil society in planning. However, the power of civil society is not yet sufficiently discovered in Qingdao’s planning. For better planning results, the city of Qingdao needs more initiatives to mobilize civil society in the planning practice, as well as more support to enrich the related studies. This thesis recommends that Qingdao establishes the 'Foundation for Collaborative Urban Solutions' through the joint efforts of the authority and civil initiatives, which aims at moderating and facilitating the strength of civil society. The suggested pilot projects include: a. The Community-based Housing Workshop for regenerating the living environment of the run-down communities, where the residents are willing to collaborate with the foundation with own efforts. b. The Heritage Preservation Workshop for suggesting an efficient supervision mechanism involving civil society which protects the historic heritage from being destroyed in the urban construction. c. The Public Space Forum for improving accessibility, quantity and ecologic function in the development of Qingdao’s urban public space with the knowledge and creativity of both the government and the citizens. d. The Mass Transport Forum for a realistic strategy for funding the rail-based traffic system in Qingdao through enabling the civil society - especially the individual citizens and their households to invest. The 'Foundation of Collaborative Urban Solutions' is able to improve Qingdao’s planning to cope with the urban problems the city are facing in its contemporary development, as well as to provide valuable reference for the further research of civil society’s participation in Chinese urban planning. N2 - Die Haupthypothese dieser Arbeit ist, dass durch Beteiligung der Zivilgesellschaft am Planungsprozess die Planungsergebnisse in der chinesischen Stadt Qingdao in der gegenwärtigen Zeit verbessert werden können. Durch das schnelle Wachstum vom kleinen Fischerdorf zu modernen Metropole, sind die stadtplanerischen Erfahrungen in Qingdao stark an die Adaption moderner Planungsideen einerseits und an die dominierende städtische Planungsbehörde andererseits geknüpft. Abgesehen vom Einfluss der Zentralmacht trug auch die nicht-staatliche Seite, dazu zählen die Bürgerbewegungen und die Wirtschaftsverbände, zur räumlichen Entwicklung Qingdaos bei. Seit der 'Reform 1978' hat Qingdao große Fortschritte beim städtischen Wohnungswesen, beim Denkmalschutz, beim öffentlichen Raum und städtischen Verkehr gemacht. Nicht nur der Umfang, sondern auch die Qualität des städtischen Raumes hat sich erheblich verbessert. Die beachtlichen Leistungen sind das Ergebnis zunehmender gemeinsamer Anstrengungen der Regierung und des Marktes, wenngleich die staatliche Seite immer die treibende Kraft der städtebaulichen Entwicklung war. Der gegenwärtige Planungsvollzug – bei dem die Regierung selbst vorgibt 'was zu tun ist' und gemeinsam mit dem Markt entscheidet 'wie dies zu tun ist' – enge Grenzen besitzt, wenn es gilt, auf schnell verändernde Situationen zu reagieren, unterschiedliche soziale Interessen zu bedienen oder ausreichend finanzielle Mittel für dringende städtische Probleme zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die Suche nach neuen Entwicklungsstrategien, die auf einem Verständnis der Zivilgesellschaft im Kontext Chinas basieren, kann eine aussichtsreiche Perspektive für stadtplanerische Untersuchungen Qingdaos bieten. Im einem Verständnis des sozialen Wandels in China, definiert sich die Zivilgesellschaft aus einem Sphäre von Individuen, Familien, Bürgerorganisationen, sozialen Bewegungen, öffentlichen Kommunikation heraus und aus den nichtstaatlichen Institutionen des 'non-for-profit Involvements' zur Einrichtung öffentlicher Dienstleistungen zwischen Staat und Markt. Es gibt ausreichend Beweise dafür, das China in seiner eigenen Kultur über viele Quellen einer Zivilgesellschaft verfügt. Die vorhandene stadtplanerische Praxis in China kann auf ihre Weise zeigen, das Bürgerbeteiligung dabei hilft, die Qualität der Stadtplanung unter gegebenen Bedingungen in realistischer Weise zu verbessern. Außerdem sind Moderation im Planungsprozess und der Antrieb durch die Regierung, zwei wichtige Schlüsselfaktoren, zur erfolgreichen Einbindung des Einflusses bürgerlicher Beteiligung im Planungsprozess. Allerdings wurde die Bedeutung der zivilgesellschaft für die Stadtplanung Qingdaos bisher noch nicht ausreichend untersucht. Um bessere Ergebnisse im Planungsprozess zu erzielen, braucht die Stadt Qingdao mehr Initiativen, die die Gesellschaft im Planungsprozess mobilisieren und auch mehr Unterstützung dabei, ähnliche Studien mit Erkenntnissen anzureichern. Diese These befürwortet, dass Qingdao eine “Foundation for Collaborative Urban Solutions” für gemeinsame Bemühungen der Regierung und bürgerlicher Initiativen einrichten sollte, die auf einen erleichterten und angemessenen Einfluss der Zivilgesellschaft in Planungen zielt. Die vorgeschlagenen Pilotprojekte beinhalten. a. Ein 'Community-based Housing Workshop' um das Lebensumfeld in den heruntergekommenen Gemeinden zu regenerieren, wo ortsansässige Willens sind, durch eigene Anstrengungen mit der Stiftung zusammenzuarbeiten. b. Den 'Heritage Preservation Workshop' um einen effizienten Supervisionsprozess unter Einbeziehung der Zivilgesellschaft anzuregen, der das historische Erbe vor Zerstörung im städtischen Aufbau beschützt. c. Ein 'Public Space Forum' um Zugänglichkeit, Ausmaß und ökologische Funktion bei der Entwicklung des öffentlichen Raumes in Qingdao zu verbessern, mit dem Wissen und der Kreativität sowohl der Regierung als auch der Bürger. d. Das 'Mass Transport Forum' für eine realistische Strategie zur Förderung eines schienenbasierten Verkehrssystems in Qingdao, die der Gesellschaft, speziell auch dem einzelnen Bürger ermöglichen soll sich zu beteiligen. Einer 'Foundation of Collaborative Urban Solutions' ist es möglich, Qingdaos Planungen zu unterstützen und die städtebaulichen Schwierigkeiten - denen die Stadt in der gegenwärtigen Entwicklung gegenübersteht - zu bewältigen. Ebenso ist sie fähig, wertvolle Hinweise für weitergehende Untersuchungen, zu Bürgerbeteiligung in der Stadtplanung Chinas, zu liefern. T2 - Die gegenwärtige räumliche Entwicklung Qingdaos - Perspektiven zivilgesellschaftlicher Beteiligung an der Stadtplanung Chinas KW - Stadtplanung KW - Beteiligung KW - Tsingtau KW - China KW - Zivilgesellschaft KW - civil society Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20070818-9159 ER - TY - THES A1 - Krüger, Arvid T1 - Neue Steuerungsmodelle der Stadterneuerung - … und daraus folgende Anforderungen an die Städtebauförderung, die Kommunen und die gemeinnützige Wohnungswirtschaft N2 - Großsiedlungen sind nicht nur ein Erbe der Moderne, sondern seit über drei Jahrzehnten Gegenstand der Stadterneuerung. Dieses Buch erörtert, was eine heute „normale“ Großsiedlung stadtplanerisch benötigt und welche stadtentwicklungs- als auch wohnungspolitisch gesteuerten Ressourcen in einer integrierten Planungssteuerung gebündelt werden sollten. Dabei wird das grundsätzliche Planungsinstrument des Quartiersmanagements aktualisiert – über den Gegenstand Großsiedlungen hinaus. KW - Stadtplanung KW - Wohnungswesen KW - Städtebau KW - Quartiersmanagement KW - Städtebauförderung KW - Großsiedlung KW - Wohnungsmoderne KW - Stadterneuerung KW - Stadtsanierung Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20191105-39976 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jordan, Anne T1 - Ein neues Stück Paris. Planungsdiskurse, Referenzen und die Formierung eines urbanen Images im städtebaulichen Großprojekt Paris Rive Gauche T1 - A new piece of Paris. Planning discourses, references and the formation of an urban image in the urban mega-project Paris Rive Gauche. N2 - Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den diskursiven Konstruktion urbaner Images in Großprojekten. Aufbauend auf einer soziologischen Definition der Begriffe „Raumbild“ und „Ortsbild“ wird am Beispiel des städtebaulichen Großprojekts Paris Rive Gauche untersucht, wie sich ortsspezifische Referenzen in einem Planungsprozess bilden, zu welchen Zwecken sie eingesetzt werden und wie mit Hilfe dieser Referenzen im Planungsprozess diskursiv ein Image für einen entstehenden Stadtteil konstruiert wird. N2 - The work presented here deals with discursive constructions of urban images in mega-projects. Based on a sociological definition of „images of space“ and „images of place“ the process of place-specific referencing is explored, the mega-project of Paris Rive Gauche delivering the empirical backdrop and framework. Questions such as „How do references function in planning processes“ and „How do references contribute to the discursive creation of an urban image?“ are discussed in order to find out how the image of a future urban district is shaped in planning processes. KW - Paris KW - Stadtplanung KW - Großprojekt KW - Image KW - Stadtbild KW - Paris KW - urban planning KW - mega-project KW - image KW - planning discourse Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20091105-14921 ER - TY - THES A1 - Javanmardi, Leila T1 - URBANISM AND DICTATORSHIP. A Study on Urban Planning in Contemporary History of Iran, Second Pahlavi: 1941-1979 N2 - The evolution of urbanism under dictatorship forms the core of the current research. This thesis is part of a research network at Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, which studies the 20th century's urbanism under different dictatorships. The network has provided a cross-cultural and cross-border environment and has enabled the author to communicate with other like-minded researchers. The 2015 published book of this group 'Urbanism and Dictatorship: A European Perspective' strengthens the foundation of this research's theoretical and methodological framework. This thesis investigates urban policies and plans leading to the advancement of urbanization and the transformation of urban space in Iran during the second Pahlavi (1941-1979) when the country faced a milestone in its history: Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. By reflecting the influence of economic and socio‐political determinants of the time on urbanism and the urbanization process, this work intends to critically trace the effect of dictatorship on evolved urbanism before and after the oil nationalization in 1951. The research on the second Pahlavi's urbanism has been limitedly addressed and has only recently expanded. Most of the conducted studies date back to less than a decade ago and could not incorporate all the episodes of the second Pahlavi urbanism. These works have often investigated urbanism and architecture by focusing merely on the physical features and urban products in different years regardless of the importance of urbanism as a tool in the service of hegemony. In other words, the majority of the available literature does not intend to address the socio-economic and political roots of urban transformations and by questioning 'what has been built?' investigates the individual urban projects and plans designed by individual designers without interlinking these projects to the state's urban planning program and tracing the beneficiaries of those projects or questioning 'built for whom?' Moreover, some chapters of this modern urbanism have rarely been investigated. For instance, scant research has looked into the works of foreign designers and consultants involved in the projects such as Peter Georg Ahrens or Constantinos A. Doxiadis. Similarly, the urbanism of the first decade of the second Pahlavi, including the government of Mossadegh, has mainly been overlooked. Therefore, by critically analyzing the state's urban planning program and the process of urbanization in Iran during the second Pahlavi, this research aims to bridge the literature gap and to unravel the effect of the power structure on urban planning and products while seeking to find a pattern behind the regime's policies. The main body of this work is concentrated on studying the history of urbanism in Iran, of which collecting data and descriptions played a crucial role. To prevent the limitations associated with singular methods, this research's methodology is based on methodological triangulation (Denzin, 2017). With the triangulation scheme, the data is gathered by combining different qualitative and quantitative methods such as the library, archival and media research, online resources, non-participatory observation, and photography. For the empirical part, the city of Tehran is selected as the case study. Moreover, individual non-structured interviews with the locals were conducted to gain more insights regarding urban projects. KW - Stadtplanung KW - Modernisierung KW - Autokratie KW - Segregation KW - Iran KW - Pahlavi KW - Tehran KW - Dictatorship KW - Urban Planning KW - Modernization Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220224-45971 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jakupi, Arta T1 - The Effect of the International Community Presence in the Urban Development of Post Conflict City Case Study: Kosova N2 - Post Conflict Reconstruction is a very complex topic, whether it is to be undertaken by the Local or the International Community. The process of the Post Conflict Development is to be very hard to investigate, primarily for the combination of socio-cultural phenomena, war and political instability; having difficulties of conducting solid empirical analysis (obtaining reliable data) and dealing with war-torn communities. The multifaceted process of the reconstruction is ought to touch a lot of countries vital segments, whereas each of them requires different approach; coordination with one another; and unification in their common aim. The emergency of the assistance programs are not equal, same as with the priority and weight when compared with each other, therefore occasionally there are programs for the success of which the other less important actions are violated or neglected. The case is with the International Community presence ( the set up), which aside from their mission and projects, it is considered to play a very important role on the urban development of a post conflict city; the setting was never planned or considered in a holistic manner, therefore IC establishment was done ad hoc and it was guided by issues which did not help at its greatest to the urban development of the city and more over to the citizens who were most in need. The study is about the Urban Development, due to the fact that the biggest concentration of the International Community is likely to be in the urban centers, and the experienced changes are of a much considerable magnitude. The reconstruction phase is likely to be lasting at about 10 years and more , consequently the International Community for that time being tends to be recognized as temporary citizens of the city, and it is inevitably that they will be having an impact on the urban development of the city; in that basis it is considered to be significant that the International Community Establishment/Set Up be included into the International Organizations mission and assist in the overall mission of the reconstruction. KW - urban development KW - Stadtplanung KW - urban planning KW - post-conflict KW - international organizations KW - Architektur KW - reconstruction Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130130-18314 ER -