TY - THES A1 - Zabel, Volkmar ED - Könke, Carsten ED - Lahmer, Tom ED - Rabczuk, Timon T1 - Operational modal analysis - Theory and aspects of application in civil engineering N2 - In recent years the demand on dynamic analyses of existing structures in civil engineering has remarkably increased. These analyses are mainly based on numerical models. Accordingly, the generated results depend on the quality of the used models. Therefore it is very important that the models describe the considered systems such that the behaviour of the physical structure is realistically represented. As any model is based on assumptions, there is always a certain degree of uncertainty present in the results of a simulation based on the respective numerical model. To minimise these uncertainties in the prediction of the response of a structure to a certain loading, it has become common practice to update or calibrate the parameters of a numerical model based on observations of the structural behaviour of the respective existing system. The determination of the behaviour of an existing structure requires experimental investigations. If the numerical analyses concern the dynamic response of a structure it is sensible to direct the experimental investigations towards the identification of the dynamic structural behaviour which is determined by the modal parameters of the system. In consequence, several methods for the experimental identification of modal parameters have been developed since the 1980ies. Due to various technical restraints in civil engineering which limit the possibilities to excitate a structure with economically reasonable effort, several methods have been developed that allow a modal identification form tests with an ambient excitation. The approach of identifying modal parameters only from measurements of the structural response without precise knowledge of the excitation is known as output-only or operational modal analysis. Since operational modal analysis (OMA) can be considered as a link between numerical modelling and simulation on the one hand and the dynamic behaviour of an existing structure on the other hand, the respective algorithms connect both the concepts of structural dynamics and mathematical tools applied within the processing of experimental data. Accordingly, the related theoretical topics are revised after an introduction into the topic. Several OMA methods have been developed over the last decades. The most established algorithms are presented here and their application is illustrated by means of both a small numerical and an experimental example. Since experimentally obtained results always underly manifold influences, an appropriate postprocessing of the results is necessary for a respective quality assessment. This quality assessment does not only require respective indicators but should also include the quantification of uncertainties. One special feature in modal testing is that it is common to instrument the structure in different sensor setups to improve the spacial resolution of identified mode shapes. The modal information identified from tests in several setups needs to be merged a posteriori. Algorithms to cope with this problem are also presented. Due to the fact that the amount of data generated in modal tests can become very large, manual processing can become extremely expensive or even impossible, for example in the case of a long-term continuous structural monitoring. In these situations an automated analysis and postprocessing are essential. Descriptions of respective methodologies are therefore also included in this work. Every structural system in civil engineering is unique and so also every identification of modal parameters has its specific challenges. Some aspects that can be faced in practical applications of operational modal analysis are presented and discussed in a chapter that is dedicated specific problems that an analyst may have to overcome. Case studies of systems with very close modes, with limited accessibility as well as the application of different OMA methods are described and discussed. In this context the focus is put on several types of uncertainty that may occur in the multiple stages of an operational modal analysis. In literature only very specific uncertainties at certain stages of the analysis are addressed. Here, the topic of uncertainties has been considered in a broader sense and approaches for treating respective problems are suggested. Eventually, it is concluded that the methodologies of operatinal modal analysis and related technical solutions have been well-engineered already. However, as in any discipline that includes experiments, a certain degree of uncertainty always remains in the results. From these conclusions has been derived a demand for further research and development that should be directed towards the minimisation of these uncertainties and to a respective optimisation of the steps and corresponding parameters included in an operational modal analysis. T3 - ISM-Bericht // Institut für Strukturmechanik, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar - 2019,5 KW - Modalanalyse KW - Strukturdynamik KW - Operational modal analysis KW - modal analysis KW - structural dynamics Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20191030-40061 ER - TY - THES A1 - Huth, Olaf T1 - Ein adaptiertes Polyreferenz-Verfahren und seine Anwendung in der Systemidentifikation T1 - An adapted Polyreferenz procedure and its application in the system identification N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit gliedert sich in das Gebiet der Systemidentifikation ein. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Detektion, die Lokalisierung und die Quantifizierung von Systemveränderungen gerichtet. Für diese Ziele werden -basierend auf Schwingungsmessungen- modale Parameter sowie Ein- und Ausgangsgrößen im Frequenzbereich extrahiert. Die in dieser Arbeit entwickelte Adaption des Polyreferenz-Verfahrens beruht auf einer veränderten Bestimmung der Fundamentalmatrix mit Hilfe der verallgemeinerten Singulärwertzerlegung. Eine Vorfilterung, die eine Reduktion der Frequenzanteile im Signal bewirkt, ist dabei Voraussetzung. Diese basiert auf dem Einsatz rekursiver Filtertechiken und der einfachen Singulärwertzerlegung. Als Resultat können modale Parameter auch im Falle, wenn eng benachbarte und verrauschte Signalanteile vorliegen oder nur wenige Mess- und Anregungspunkte zur Verfügung stehen, präzise bestimmt und damit auch sehr geringe Syemveränderungen detektiert werden. Die mit dem adaptierten Polyreferenz-Verfahren extrahierten modalen Parameter werden in der Lokalisierung von Systemveränderungen eingesetzt. Zur Bestimmung modaler Parameter auch an realen Bauwerken wird die Konstruktion eines Impulshammers vorgestellt. Besonderes Gewicht wird dabei auf die Gestaltung des Erregerkraftspektrums gelegt. Die Arbeit enthält eine mögliche Vorgehensweise zum Abgleich von Finite-Elemente Modellen. In vielen praxisnahen Fällen sind weit weniger modale Parameter vorhanden, als freie, zum Abgleich bestimmte Parameter gesucht werden. Das Gleichungssystem ist schlechtgestellt und benötigt eine Regularisierung. Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Korrektur von Rechenmodellen bietet das Projektive Eingangsgrößenverfahren, das auf der Basis unvollständig gemessener Ein- und Ausgangsgrößen arbeitet. In einer Versagenswahrscheinlichkeitsstudie wird die Robustheit des Verfahrens gegenüber! Rauscheinflüssen untersucht N2 - This PhD thesis is related to the field of system identificaton focusing on detection of occurence, localisation and amount assessment of damage. This is done as well by extraction of modal parameters as input- and output residuals from vibration measurements. The presented work describes a developed adaption of the polyreference-procedure. It is based on a determination of the fundamental matrix by using the generalized singular value decomposition. A pre-filtering of the time series which kept the signals in a narrow frequenvy band higly supports this application. Two kinds of filter techniques can be combined: The classical way of recursive filter technique and the tool of the singular value decomposition. Therefore, modal parameters can be determined precisley in different cases if the data are strongly corrupted by noise, only few measuring- and excitation points are available, close-spa! ced frequency parts appear in the signal. This facts allow the detection of small structural changes in dynamic systems. The modal parameters extracted by the adapted polyreference-procedure are applied to localise the damage. For the extraction of modal parameters on real structures the construction of an impact hammer is presented with particular respect to the configuration of the excitation spectra. This work contains a possible way for a finite element model updating. In many relevant cases, if much more free parameters are searched than modal parameters are available, this problem is ill-posed and needs regularisation. The Projective Input Residual Method (PIRM) follows another way to correct computational models. It is operational on the extraction of input- and output residuals. Within a reliability study the robustness of the PIRM against noise influences is investigated. KW - Systemidentifikation KW - Bauwerk KW - Dynamische Belastung KW - Technische Überwachung KW - Langzeitverhalten KW - Modale Parameter KW - Schadensdiagnose KW - Schadensanalyse KW - Strukturdynamik KW - structural dynamics KW - system identification KW - modal parameters KW - fault diagnosis Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040202-34 ER -