TY - CHAP A1 - Rueppel, Uwe A1 - Meißner, Udo F. A1 - Greb, Steffen T1 - A Petri Net based Method for Distributed Process Modelling in Structural Engineering N2 - The contribution introduces a method for the distributed process modelling in order to support the process orientation in Structural Engineering, i.e., the modelling, analysis and management of planning processes. The approach is based on the Petri Net theory for the modelling of planning processes and workflows in Structural Engineering. Firstly, a central and coarse process model serves as a pre-structuring system for the detailed modelling of the technical planning activities. Secondly, the involved planning participants generate distributed process models with detailed technical workflow information. Finally, these distributed process models will be combined in the central workflow net. The final net is of great importance for the process orientation in Structural Engineering, i.e., the identification, publication, analysis, optimization and finally the management of planning processes. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Petri-Netz Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1338 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rodriguez, Adhamina T1 - Information Exchange in The Construction Industry : The Particular Case of Green Buildings N2 - Construction is a conservative industry that over the last twenty ye ars has experienced drastic changes in the way that interdisciplinary teams interact to design and execute a project. In this article we offer a general overview of how the main participants cooperate in the different phases of a construction project, and which are some of the main areas for communication improvement. We also explore the communication tools used in the exchange of information, and identify the main causes of information breakdown. The general framework of this study is of application to both standard and green projects. At the end of the article we discuss the peculiarities of green buildings. Our goal is to offer a series of industry insights derived from the perspective of a general contractor aimed at identifying the areas where contributions in computing and information exchange could have a greater impact on the successful completion of a project. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Informationsaustausch Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1757 ER - TY - THES A1 - Richter, Torsten T1 - Konzepte für den Einsatz versionierter Objektmodelle im Bauwesen T1 - Concepts for the application of versioned object models in the building industry N2 - Bauwerke sind in der Regel Unikate, für die meist eine komplette und aufwändige Neuplanung durchzuführen ist. Der Umfang und die Verschiedenartigkeit der einzelnen Planungsaufgaben bedingen ein paralleles Arbeiten der beteiligten Fachplaner. Darüber hinaus ist die Bauplanung ein kreativer und iterativer Prozess, der durch häufige Änderungen des Planungsmaterials und Abstimmungen zwischen den Fachplanern gekennzeichnet ist. Mithilfe von speziellen Fachanwendungen erstellen die Planungsbeteiligten verschiedene Datenmodelle, zwischen denen fachliche Abhängigkeiten bestehen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Konsistenz der einzelnen Fachmodelle eines Bauwerks sicherzustellen, indem Abhängigkeiten auf Basis von Objektversionen definiert werden. Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass die Fachanwendungen nach dem etablierten Paradigma der objektorientierten Programmierung entwickelt wurden. Das sequentielle und parallele Arbeiten mehrerer Fachplaner wird auf Basis eines optimistischen Zugriffsmodells unterstützt, das ohne Schreibsperren auskommt. Weiterhin wird die Historie des Planungsmaterials gespeichert und die Definition von rechtsverbindlichen Freigabeständen ermöglicht. Als Vorbild für die Systemarchitektur diente das Softwarekonfigurationsmanagement, dessen Versionierungsansatz meist auf einem Client-Server-Modell beruht. Die formale Beschreibung des verwendeten Ansatzes wird über die Mengenlehre und Relationenalgebra vorgenommen, so dass er allgemeingültig und technologieunabhängig ist. Auf Grundlage dieses Ansatzes werden Konzepte für den Einsatz versionierter Objektmodelle im Bauwesen erarbeitet und mit einer Pilotimplementierung basierend auf einer Open-Source-Ingenieurplattform an einem praxisnahen Szenario verifiziert. Beim Entwurf der Konzepte wird besonderer Wert auf die Handhabbarkeit der Umsetzung gelegt. Das betrifft im Besonderen die hierarchische Strukturierung des Projektmaterials, die ergonomische Gestaltung der Benutzerschnittstellen und der Erzielung von geringen Anwortzeiten. Diese Aspekte sind eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Effizienz und Akzeptanz von Software im praktischen Einsatz. Bestehende Fachanwendungen können durch geringen Entwicklungsaufwand einfach in die verteilte Umgebung integriert werden, ohne sie von Grund auf programmieren zu müssen. N2 - Structures are normally unique which often require a new, complete and complex design. The extensiveness and diverseness of the several planning tasks cause a parallel work of the involved planners. Furthermore, the building planning is a creative and iterative process that is characterised by frequent changes of the planning material and coordinations between the professional designers. The planners create different data models with dependencies between each other. The aim of this thesis is to ensure the consistency of the particular expert models by defining dependencies on the basis of object versions. A prerequisite is the development of all specialised applications with the established object-oriented programming paradigm. The sequential and parallel work of many planners is supported by an optimistic access model that does not require write locks. The history of the planning material will be stored additionally and the definition of release states is provided. The software configuration management served as a model for the system architecture whose versioning approach often relies on the client-server concept. The formal description of the used approach is done by the usage of the set theory and relational algebra to ensure its generality and independency from technologies. On the basis of this approach concepts for the application of versioned object models in civil engineering are formulated and verified at a practical scenario with a pilot implementation based on an open source engineering platform. A great importance was attached on the usability of the implementation. This affects especially the structuring of the project material, the ergonomic design of the user interface as well as the achievement of short response times. These aspects are a precondition for the efficiency and acceptance of the software by the practical users. Existing expert applications can be easily integrated in the distributed environment without programming them from scratch. T3 - Informatik in Architektur und Bauwesen - 3 KW - Computer Supported Cooperative Work KW - Objektorientierung KW - Bauplanung KW - Kooperation KW - Verteiltes System KW - Versionsverwaltung KW - Planungsprozess KW - Benut KW - Distributed computing KW - Computer Supported Cooperative Work KW - Object-oriented programming KW - Version control KW - Planning process Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20100115-14935 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ren, Aizhu A1 - Shi, Jianyong A1 - Xu, Yun T1 - Modeling of Buildings and Roads for Urban Applications based on 2D Digital Maps N2 - Three-dimensional models of urban objects play an important role in the urban applications such as urban planning, environmental concerning, or urban disaster mitigations. While the modeling of urban objects is time consuming and storage costing. This paper presents solutions for this. Buildings with regular shapes and plane roofs are constructed into computer models by identifying of graphic elements from the digital maps of urban area to get building base plane and building heights. Buildings with irregular shapes and non-plane roofs are constructed into computer models by employment of a specific system developed by the authors. Road objects and topologies are constructed into computer models by employment of specific algorithms. The solutions presented in this paper has been used in the development of urban disaster mitigation system for Shantou, China. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Geoinformationssystem Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1791 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petzold, Frank A1 - Donath, Dirk T1 - The building as a container of information : the starting point for project development and design formulation N2 - For planning in existing built contexts, the building survey is the starting point for initial planning proposals, for the diagnosis and documentation of building damages, for the creation of objectives catalogues, for the detailed design of renovation and conversion measures and for ensuring fulfilment of building legislation, particularly by change of use and refitting. An examination of currently available IT-tools shows insufficient support for planning within existing contexts, most notably a deficit with regard to information capture and administration. This paper discusses the concept for a modular surveying system (basic concept, separation of geometry from semantic data, and separation into sub-systems) and the prototypical realisation of a system for the complete support of the entire building surveying process for existing buildings. The project aims to contribute to the development of a planning system for existing buildings. ... KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Lebenszyklus KW - Bauwerk Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1848 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petzold, Frank A1 - Bartels, Heiko A1 - Donath, Dirk T1 - New techniques in Building Surveying N2 - Building activities in the construction industry in Germany increasingly concentrate on building measures in or involving the existing built environment. Before planning can begin, buildings must be surveyed in whole or in part with the surveying of geometric data playing a dominant role. The geometric survey is typically undertaken using geodetic or photogrammetric measuring techniques and equipment that have been adapted for use in building surveying. Accordingly appropriate technical knowledge is required in order to be able to operate them as well as a considerable financial investment. Such equipment and surveying methods are usually adaptations from other disciplines. The paper discusses and presents approaches to developing “new” equipment for building surveying, devised with the needs of building surveying in mind – redesigns or new designs for surveying tools. The designs are the result of an inter-disciplinary project between the Faculty of Architecture and the Faculty of Product Design at the Bauhaus Universität Weimar. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Bausubstanz Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1803 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petersen, Michael A1 - Diaz, Joaquin T1 - Integrated planning of buildings based on computer models in project communication systems N2 - The increasing demands in building and civil engineering – with regard to the growing amount of legal requirements and the needs of a flexible usage of the building - requires an optimisation of all processes during the planning and construction phases. This aim can be only reached by transferring of innovative information and communication technologies in the field of cooperation of all partners in a building project. In this article the enhancement of the existing planning processes based on an improved information management is introduced. Since the late 90ies the availability of hardware and software infrastructures for a networkbased cooperation, e.g. email, in small and middle-sized companies increased the problems of an unstructured communication in the planning and construction processes. These problems have not been solved by the usage of the upcoming project communication systems either, which are often used as a simple medium for data transfer. Because of the easy way of distributing documents to all planning partners a huge amount of files and subsequent versions can be stored so that the planners often have to scope with an information overflow. The underlying hierarchical structures based on simple files stored in tree views are not sufficient for an adequate representation of the different specific views of the planners and the management of relationships between the three information domains building structure, costs and time schedules. .. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Integrierte Planung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1762 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peng, Jun A1 - Law, Kincho A1 - Lau, Gloria T1 - Internet-Enabled Software Model for Nonlinear Structural Analysis and Simulations N2 - This paper describes an Internet-enabled software model that could facilitate the development and utilization of nonlinear structural analysis programs. The software model allows users easy access to the analysis core program and the analysis results by using a web-browser or other application programs. In addition, new and legacy codes can be incorporated as distributed services and be integrated with the software framework from disparate sites. A distributed project management system, taking advantages of Internet and database technologies, is implemented to store and manage model information and simulation results. Nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulations of a bridge structure is performed to illustrate the facilities of the Internet-enabled software model. KW - Konzipieren KW - Bauwerk KW - Verteiltes System KW - Internet Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1057 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Olivier, A. H. T1 - An application-centred framework for distributed engineering applications N2 - The conceptual structure of an application that can support the structural analysis task in a distributed collaboratory is described in (van Rooyen and Olivier 2004). The application described there has a standalone component for executing the finite element method on a local workstation in the absence of network access. This application is comparable to current, local workstation based finite element packages. However, it differs fundamentally from standard packages since the application itself, and its objects, are adapted to support distributed execution of the analysis task. Basic aspects of an object-oriented framework for the development of applications which can be used in similar distributed collaboratories are described in this paper. An important feature of this framework is its application-centred design. This means that an application can contain any number of engineering models, where the models are formed by the collection of objects according to semantic views within the application. This is achieved through very flexible classes Application and Model, which are described in detail. The advantages of the application-centred design approach is demonstrated with reference to the design of steel structures, where the finite element analysis model, member design model and connection design model interact to provide the required functionality. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Framework Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1353 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - O'Brien, William A1 - El-Mashaleh, Mohammad T1 - An Empirical Study Relating Construction Firm Performance and IT Utilization N2 - This paper examines the impact of information technology (IT) utilization on construction firm performance. Based on empirical data collected from 74 US construction firms, the analyses provide evidence that IT has a positive impact on overall firm performance, schedule performance, and cost performance. Firm performance is a composite score of several metrics of performance: schedule performance, cost performance, customer satisfaction, safety performance, and profit. No relationship is found between IT utilization and customer satisfaction, safety, or profit, although this may be due to limitations of the study given strong correlations between IT utilization and cost and schedule performnance. The empirical evidence of positive association between performance and IT use provided by this research is significant to both construction practice and research literature. This evidence should encourage firms to adopt and invest in IT tools. KW - Architektur KW - Verteiltes System KW - Informationstechnik KW - Unternehmen Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1739 ER -