TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yongzheng A1 - Ren, Huilong T1 - Implicit implementation of the nonlocal operator method: an open source code JF - Engineering with computers N2 - In this paper, we present an open-source code for the first-order and higher-order nonlocal operator method (NOM) including a detailed description of the implementation. The NOM is based on so-called support, dual-support, nonlocal operators, and an operate energy functional ensuring stability. The nonlocal operator is a generalization of the conventional differential operators. Combined with the method of weighed residuals and variational principles, NOM establishes the residual and tangent stiffness matrix of operate energy functional through some simple matrix without the need of shape functions as in other classical computational methods such as FEM. NOM only requires the definition of the energy drastically simplifying its implementation. The implementation in this paper is focused on linear elastic solids for sake of conciseness through the NOM can handle more complex nonlinear problems. The NOM can be very flexible and efficient to solve partial differential equations (PDEs), it’s also quite easy for readers to use the NOM and extend it to solve other complicated physical phenomena described by one or a set of PDEs. Finally, we present some classical benchmark problems including the classical cantilever beam and plate-with-a-hole problem, and we also make an extension of this method to solve complicated problems including phase-field fracture modeling and gradient elasticity material. KW - Strukturmechanik KW - Nonlocal operator method KW - Operator energy functional KW - Implicit KW - Dual-support KW - Variational principle KW - Taylor series expansion KW - Stiffness matrix Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220216-45930 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00366-021-01537-x VL - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 35 PB - Springer CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yongzheng T1 - Nonlocal dynamic Kirchhoff plate formulation based on nonlocal operator method JF - Engineering with Computers N2 - In this study, we propose a nonlocal operator method (NOM) for the dynamic analysis of (thin) Kirchhoff plates. The nonlocal Hessian operator is derived based on a second-order Taylor series expansion. The NOM does not require any shape functions and associated derivatives as ’classical’ approaches such as FEM, drastically facilitating the implementation. Furthermore, NOM is higher order continuous, which is exploited for thin plate analysis that requires C1 continuity. The nonlocal dynamic governing formulation and operator energy functional for Kirchhoff plates are derived from a variational principle. The Verlet-velocity algorithm is used for the time discretization. After confirming the accuracy of the nonlocal Hessian operator, several numerical examples are simulated by the nonlocal dynamic Kirchhoff plate formulation. KW - Angewandte Mathematik KW - nonlocal operator method KW - nonlocal Hessian operator KW - operator energy functional KW - dual-support KW - variational principle Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220209-45849 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00366-021-01587-1 VL - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 35 PB - Springer CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welch Guerra, Max T1 - Fach, Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft. Beitrag zur Debatte „Was ist Stadt? Was ist Kritik?“ JF - sub\urban. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung N2 - Der Aufruf, die Begriffe Stadt und Kritik in das Zentrum einer Debatte zu stellen, bietet die große Chance, uns weit über begriffliche Klärungen unseres gemeinsamen Arbeitsgegenstands hinaus – die ja auch für sich selbst sehr fruchtbar sein können – über die Funktion zu verständigen, die wir in der Gesellschaft ausüben, wenn wir räumliche Planung praktizieren, erforschen und lehren. Da in der Bundesrepublik nicht nur ein großer Bedarf, sondern auch eine beträchtliche Nachfrage nach öffentlicher Planung besteht und die planungsbezogenen Wissenschaften sich eines insgesamt stabilen institutionellen Standes erfreuen, laufen wir Gefahr, die gesellschaftspolitische Legitimation von Berufsfeld und Wissenschaft zu vernachlässigen, sie als gegeben zu behandeln. Wir müssen uns ja kaum rechtfertigen. KW - Stadt KW - Kritik KW - Wissenschaftskritik KW - Kritikbegriff KW - Herrschaftskritik KW - Alltagskritik KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2022 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220810-46855 UR - https://zeitschrift-suburban.de/sys/index.php/suburban/article/view/779 VL - 2022 IS - Band 10, Nr. 1 SP - 188 EP - 190 PB - Sub\urban e.V. CY - Leipzig ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teitelbaum, Eric A1 - Alsaad, Hayder A1 - Aviv, Dorit A1 - Kim, Alexander A1 - Völker, Conrad A1 - Meggers, Forrest A1 - Pantelic, Jovan T1 - Addressing a systematic error correcting for free and mixed convection when measuring mean radiant temperature with globe thermometers JF - Scientific reports N2 - It is widely accepted that most people spend the majority of their lives indoors. Most individuals do not realize that while indoors, roughly half of heat exchange affecting their thermal comfort is in the form of thermal infrared radiation. We show that while researchers have been aware of its thermal comfort significance over the past century, systemic error has crept into the most common evaluation techniques, preventing adequate characterization of the radiant environment. Measuring and characterizing radiant heat transfer is a critical component of both building energy efficiency and occupant thermal comfort and productivity. Globe thermometers are typically used to measure mean radiant temperature (MRT), a commonly used metric for accounting for the radiant effects of an environment at a point in space. In this paper we extend previous field work to a controlled laboratory setting to (1) rigorously demonstrate that existing correction factors used in the American Society of Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 55 or ISO7726 for using globe thermometers to quantify MRT are not sufficient; (2) develop a correction to improve the use of globe thermometers to address problems in the current standards; and (3) show that mean radiant temperature measured with ping-pong ball-sized globe thermometers is not reliable due to a stochastic convective bias. We also provide an analysis of the maximum precision of globe sensors themselves, a piece missing from the domain in contemporary literature. KW - Strahlungstemperatur KW - Mean radiant temperature KW - Globe thermometers KW - Indoor environment KW - Thermal comfort KW - Measurements KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2022 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220509-46363 UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10172-5#citeas VL - 2022 IS - Volume 12, article 6473 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taraben, Jakob A1 - Morgenthal, Guido T1 - Integration and Comparison Methods for Multitemporal Image-Based 2D Annotations in Linked 3D Building Documentation JF - Remote Sensing N2 - Data acquisition systems and methods to capture high-resolution images or reconstruct 3D point clouds of existing structures are an effective way to document their as-is condition. These methods enable a detailed analysis of building surfaces, providing precise 3D representations. However, for the condition assessment and documentation, damages are mainly annotated in 2D representations, such as images, orthophotos, or technical drawings, which do not allow for the application of a 3D workflow or automated comparisons of multitemporal datasets. In the available software for building heritage data management and analysis, a wide range of annotation and evaluation functions are available, but they also lack integrated post-processing methods and systematic workflows. The article presents novel methods developed to facilitate such automated 3D workflows and validates them on a small historic church building in Thuringia, Germany. Post-processing steps using photogrammetric 3D reconstruction data along with imagery were implemented, which show the possibilities of integrating 2D annotations into 3D documentations. Further, the application of voxel-based methods on the dataset enables the evaluation of geometrical changes of multitemporal annotations in different states and the assignment to elements of scans or building models. The proposed workflow also highlights the potential of these methods for condition assessment and planning of restoration work, as well as the possibility to represent the analysis results in standardised building model formats. KW - Bauwesen KW - Punktwolke KW - Denkmalpflege KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2022 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220513-46488 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2286 VL - 2022 IS - Volume 14, issue 9, article 2286 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Söbke, Heinrich A1 - Lück, Andrea T1 - Framing Algorithm-Driven Development of Sets of Objectives Using Elementary Interactions JF - Applied System Innovation N2 - Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an established methodology to support the decision-making of multi-objective problems. For conducting an MCDA, in most cases, a set of objectives (SOO) is required, which consists of a hierarchical structure comprised of objectives, criteria, and indicators. The development of an SOO is usually based on moderated development processes requiring high organizational and cognitive effort from all stakeholders involved. This article proposes elementary interactions as a key paradigm of an algorithm-driven development process for an SOO that requires little moderation efforts. Elementary interactions are self-contained information requests that may be answered with little cognitive effort. The pairwise comparison of elements in the well-known analytical hierarchical process (AHP) is an example of an elementary interaction. Each elementary interaction in the development process presented contributes to the stepwise development of an SOO. Based on the hypothesis that an SOO may be developed exclusively using elementary interactions (EIs), a concept for a multi-user platform is proposed. Essential components of the platform are a Model Aggregator, an Elementary Interaction Stream Generator, a Participant Manager, and a Discussion Forum. While the latter component serves the professional exchange of the participants, the first three components are intended to be automatable by algorithms. The platform concept proposed has been evaluated partly in an explorative validation study demonstrating the general functionality of the algorithms outlined. In summary, the platform concept suggested demonstrates the potential to ease SOO development processes as the platform concept does not restrict the application domain; it is intended to work with little administration moderation efforts, and it supports the further development of an existing SOO in the event of changes in external conditions. The algorithm-driven development of SOOs proposed in this article may ease the development of MCDA applications and, thus, may have a positive effect on the spread of MCDA applications. KW - Multikriteria-Entscheidung KW - Multikriterielle Entscheidungsanalyse KW - multi-criteria decision analysis; KW - set of objectives KW - crowdsourcing KW - platform KW - elementary interaction KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2022 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220713-46624 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2571-5577/5/3/49 VL - 2022 IS - Volume 5, issue 3, article 49 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Söbke, Heinrich A1 - Lück, Andrea T1 - Framing Algorithm-Driven Development of Sets of Objectives Using Elementary Interactions JF - Applied System Innovation N2 - Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an established methodology to support the decision-making of multi-objective problems. For conducting an MCDA, in most cases, a set of objectives (SOO) is required, which consists of a hierarchical structure comprised of objectives, criteria, and indicators. The development of an SOO is usually based on moderated development processes requiring high organizational and cognitive effort from all stakeholders involved. This article proposes elementary interactions as a key paradigm of an algorithm-driven development process for an SOO that requires little moderation efforts. Elementary interactions are self-contained information requests that may be answered with little cognitive effort. The pairwise comparison of elements in the well-known analytical hierarchical process (AHP) is an example of an elementary interaction. Each elementary interaction in the development process presented contributes to the stepwise development of an SOO. Based on the hypothesis that an SOO may be developed exclusively using elementary interactions (EIs), a concept for a multi-user platform is proposed. Essential components of the platform are a Model Aggregator, an Elementary Interaction Stream Generator, a Participant Manager, and a Discussion Forum. While the latter component serves the professional exchange of the participants, the first three components are intended to be automatable by algorithms. The platform concept proposed has been evaluated partly in an explorative validation study demonstrating the general functionality of the algorithms outlined. In summary, the platform concept suggested demonstrates the potential to ease SOO development processes as the platform concept does not restrict the application domain; it is intended to work with little administration moderation efforts, and it supports the further development of an existing SOO in the event of changes in external conditions. The algorithm-driven development of SOOs proposed in this article may ease the development of MCDA applications and, thus, may have a positive effect on the spread of MCDA applications. KW - Operations Research KW - multi-criteria decision analysis KW - elementary interaction KW - set of objectives KW - crowdsourcing KW - platform Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220524-46469 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2571-5577/5/3/49 VL - 2022 IS - Volume 5, issue 49, article 49 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadler, Max T1 - Gründerzeit. Hightech und Alternativen der Wissenschaft in West-Berlin JF - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin N2 - Zu den diversen Unternehmungen sozialbewegter „Gegenwissenschaft“, die um 1980 auf der Bildfläche der BRD erschienen, zählte der 1982 gegründete Berliner Wissenschaftsladen e. V., kurz WILAB – eine Art „alternatives“ Spin-off der Technischen Universität Berlin. Der vorliegende Beitrag situiert die Ausgründung des „Ladens“ im Kontext zeitgenössischer Fortschritte der (regionalen) Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik. Gezeigt wird, wie der deindustrialisierenden Inselstadt, qua „innovationspolitischer“ Gegensteuerung, dabei sogar eine gewisse Vorreiterrolle zukam: über die Stadtgrenzen hinaus sichtbare Neuerungen wie die Gründermesse BIG TECH oder das 1983 eröffnete Berliner Innovations- und Gründerzentrum (BIG), der erste „Incubator“ [sic] der BRD, etwa gingen auf das Konto der 1977/78 lancierten Technologie-Transferstelle der TU Berlin, TU-transfer. Anders gesagt: tendenziell bekam man es hier nun mit Verhältnissen zu tun, die immer weniger mit den Träumen einer „kritischen“, nicht-fremdbestimmten (Gegen‑)Wissenschaft kompatibel waren. Latent konträr zur historiographischen Prominenz des wissenschaftskritischen Zeitgeists fristeten „alternativen“ Zielsetzungen verpflichtete Unternehmungen wie „WILAB“ ein relativ marginalisiertes Nischendasein. Dennoch wirft das am WILAB verfolgte, so gesehen wenig aussichtsreiche Anliegen, eine andere, nämlich „humanere“ Informationstechnologie in die Wege zu leiten, ein instruktives Licht auf die Aufbrüche „unternehmerischer“ Wissenschaft in der BRD um 1980. KW - Berlin KW - Wissenschaftspolitik KW - Gegenwissenschaft KW - Gegenwissen KW - Informatik KW - Strukturkrise Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230124-48800 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00048-022-00352-9 VL - 2022 IS - 30 (2022) SP - 599 EP - 632 PB - Basel CY - Birkhäuser ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon-Ritz, Frank T1 - Zwischen Residenzkultur und Bratwursttradition: Thüringer UNESCO-Initiativen JF - Palmbaum: Literarisches Journal aus Thüringen N2 - Der Essay, der in H. 1/2022 des "Palmbaum: literarisches Journal aus Thüringen" erschienen ist, beschäftigt sich mit dem Begriff des "kulturellen Erbes", der verschiedenen UNESCO-Programmen zugrundeliegt. KW - Kultur KW - UNESCO Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220413-46282 VL - 2022 IS - Heft 1 PB - Quartus Verlag CY - Bucha bei Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roskamm, Nikolai A1 - Vollmer, Lisa T1 - Was ist Stadt? Was ist Kritik? Einführung in die Debatte zum Jubiläumsheft von sub\urban JF - sub\urban. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung N2 - Im Heft zum zehnjährigen Jubiläum von sub\urban mit dem Themenschwerpunkt „sub\x: Verortungen, Entortungen" veröffentlichen wir eine Debatte, die von den bisherigen in unserer Zeitschrift in dieser Rubrik geführten textlichen Diskussionen abweicht. Im Vorfeld der Planungen für unsere Jubiläumsausgabe haben wir die aktuellen Mitglieder unseres wissenschaftlichen Beirats darum gebeten, zwei grundlegende Fragen von kritischer Stadtforschung in kurzen Beiträgen zu diskutieren: Was ist Stadt? Was ist Kritik? KW - Stadt KW - Stadtforschung KW - Kritik KW - Theorie KW - kritische Stadtforschung KW - Debatte KW - Stadtbegriff KW - Kritikbegriff KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2022 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220811-46847 UR - https://zeitschrift-suburban.de/sys/index.php/suburban/article/view/798 IS - Band 10, Nr. 1, SP - 127 EP - 130 PB - Sub\urban e.V. CY - Leipzig ER -