TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hauschild, Thomas
A1  - Borrmann, André
A1  - Hübler, Reinhard
T1  - Integration of Constraints into Digital Building Models for Cooperative Planning Processes
N2  - The uniqueness and the long life cycle of buildings imply a dynamically modifiable building model. The technological foundation for the management of digital building models, a dynamic model management system (MMS), developed by our research group, allows to explicitly access and to modify the object model of the stored planning data. In this paper, the integration of constraints in digital building models will be shown. Constraints are conditions, which apply to the instances of domain model classes, and are defined by the user at runtime of the information system. For the expression of constraints, the Constraint Modelling Language (CML) has been developed and will be described in this paper. CML is a powerful, intuitively usable object-oriented language, which allows the expression of constraints at a high semantic level. A constrained-enabled MMS can verify, whether an instance fulfils the applying constraints. To ensure flexibility, the evaluation of constraints is not implicitly performed by the systems, but explicitly initiated by the user. A classification of constraint types and example usage scenarios are given.
KW  - Architektur
KW  - Verteiltes System
KW  - Constraint <Künstliche Intelligenz>
KW  - Modellierung
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1775
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Ötsch, Silke
T1  - Überwältigen und schmeicheln. Der physiologische, symbolische und ganzheitliche Körper in der Architektur.
T1  - Distraction and Pamper. The Physiological, Symbolical and Integrated Body in Architecture.
N2  - Der menschliche Körper ist Bezugspunkt von repräsentativen Strömungen der zeitgenössischen Architektur, so lautet die Hauptthese der Dissertation. Bislang wurde das zeitgenössische architekturimmanente Konzept des Körpers größtenteils selektiv und anhand wenig repräsentativer Beispiele von der Kritik behandelt: Ein auf physiologische Gesichtspunkte reduzierter Körper interagiert mit Bauten der klassischen Moderne oder neuen Medientechnologien. Eine umfassende Beschäftigung mit theoretischen Konzepten des Körpers und mit dem Fallbeispiel der zeitgenössischen Hotel- und Kasinoarchitektur in Las Vegas zeigt, dass der Begriff des Körpers komplexer geworden ist, womit der Bezug zum Körper weniger augenfällig erscheint. Der Ansatz der Phänomenologie, Erklärungsmuster durch eine Hinwendung zum Körper zu erhalten wird von verschiedenen Autoren in Frage gestellt. Wenn die Grenzen von Körper bzw. Leib und Umwelt nicht mehr zu bestimmen sind, tauge der Begriff nicht als Letztbegründung. Diese Kritik kann entkräftet werden, wenn auf das Modell der animate form der Philosophin Sheets-Johnstone zurückgegriffen wird. Dieses Konzept führt über Merleau-Pontys Körperbegriff hinaus, der Sheets-Johnstones Aussage nach abstrakt sei. Insbesondere eine Hinwendung zum taktil-kinästhetischen Körper liefert neue Perspektiven. Damit ist es sinnvoll, Architektur in ihrer Beziehung zum Körper zu beurteilen, weil der Körper definierbar und eingrenzbar ist. Anhand des Fallbeispiels der Hotel- und Kasinoarchitektur von Las Vegas kann aufzeigt werden, in welcher Weise sich Planer heute auf den Körper beziehen. Architektur geht in einem Megamedium auf, umgesetzt mit unterschiedlichen Techniken der Umweltgestaltung. Sowohl die Quantität als auch die Qualität der eingesetzten Reize nimmt zu. Dabei werden vor allem Reize eingesetzt, die tendenziell unbewusst wahrgenommen werden. Neben der Abstimmung auf die Sinne und die physische Beschaffenheit wird die symbolische Prägung des Körpers beachtet. Wünsche und Vorstellungen der Nutzer werden über Zielgruppenanalysen ermittelt und finden ihre Entsprechung in semiotischen Architekturelementen. Diese werden so gestaltet, dass der Nutzer den semiotischen Gehalt zugleich sinnlich erfährt. Dieses Konzept des Körpers wird als ganzheitlicher Körper bezeichnet. Aufschlussreich ist ein Vergleich mit Vorstellungen des Körpers vorausgehender Phasen, so z.B. dem Modell, das sich aus Scott Brown, Venturi und Izenours Buch Learning from Las Vegas ableiten lässt, und das sich ebenso aus Texten und Bauten von Zeitgenossen wie Lynch, Norberg-Schulz und Kahn herausarbeiten lässt. Über die Beschäftigung der Architekturtheoretiker mit der Sinneswahrnehmung entsteht ein Bewusstsein für den Einfluss des Symbolischen, das eine subjektive, durch das soziale und kulturelle Umfeld geprägte Wahrnehmung hervorbringt. Der Körper ist eingebettet in symbolische Systeme wie Konventionen und Traditionen, die sein Handeln bestimmen. Dahingegen beziehen sich Vertreter der klassischen Moderne hauptsächlich auf die physiologischen Eigenschaften des Körpers, seine Abmessungen und Bewegungsabläufe, wie Texte, Bauten und Menschmodelle z.B. von Meyer, Neutra, Le Corbusier und Neufert zeigen. Es fällt auf, dass in Texten über Architektur von Las Vegas häufig Begriffe vorkommen, die zugleich zentrale Termini der Phänomenologie sind, wie Atmosphäre und der englische Begriff experience. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die Bedeutungen der philosophischen Termini in der Architektur des Fallbeispiel widerspiegelt. Anders als die vorschnelle Etikettierung der Architekturströmung als „Erlebnisarchitektur“ suggeriert, bezieht sich der Begriff experience auf eine Ausrichtung an der Erfahrung. Diese ist das Resultat der langfristigen Prägung einer konkreten Nutzergruppe durch den in der Umwelt agierenden und durch seine symbolische Prägung beeinflussten Körper. Die Erfahrung impliziert das Erlebnis, als kurzfristige Interaktion von Körper und Umwelt. Am Fallbeispiel kann außerdem gezeigt werden, dass Techniken zur Schaffung von Atmosphären eingesetzt werden. In Anlehnung an den Philosophen Böhme kennzeichnen sich Atmosphären durch eine besondere Nähe von Architektur und Körper. Die Tatsache, dass Architekten gezielt Atmosphären schaffen, die gemeinhin nicht der Strömung der „Erlebnisarchitekur zugerechnet werden, weist darauf hin, dass sich das Leitbild des ganzheitlichen Körpers in unterschiedlichen Kontexten findet. Im Gegensatz zu Thesen Eisenmans oder Jamesons, die eine Entfremdung von Körper und Raum bzw. das Ende des anthropozentrischen Weltbilds feststellen, propagieren Planer wie Jerde die Herstellung von Architektur, die Nutzer und Umwelt in einer übergeordneten Ganzheit vereint. Ganzheit kann aber trotz feinerer Abstimmung auf den Körper nur grenzwertig erreicht werden, da Nutzer nicht vollständig erfasst werden können, sich die Planungen auf bestimmte Zielgruppen beschränken und die Interessen von Planer und Nutzer verschieden sind.
N2  - As the main assumption of this thesis says, the human body is an important reference of contemporary architecture. Usually the relation of the human body and architecture is discussed by focussing on a body restricted on its physiological properties interacting with modern architecture or new media technology. The examination of theoretical concepts of the human body accompanied by the case study of the contemporary architecture of Las Vegas shows, that the concept of the body has undergone a change of meaning. Following the thesis, many contemporary planners use the concept of the integrated body. The phenomenological approach which consists in finding explanations by focussing on the human body and its perception is contested by different author because of the impossibility to define the boundaries between the human body and its environment. Consequently the body would not serve as a reference. This objection is invalidate if one considers the concept of animate form of the philosopher Sheets-Johnstone. This concept goes beyond the different notions of the body which Merleau-Ponty proposes as Eigenleib or Fleisch. Especially the focus on the tactile-kinaesthetic body opens up new perspectives. Thence, as the human body can be defined and qualified this reference makes sense. The way in which planners draw attention to the human body is explained by considering the case study of recently built resort architecture in Las Vegas. Architecture forms a part of a megamedium generated by different disciplines of environmental design. Both the quantity and the quality of the stimulus used increase. Planners mainly use stimulus which the user perceives unconsciously. Besides the sensual perception, symbolic qualities are taken into account. The wishes and ideas of a specific target group are determined and converted to architectural elements. These semiotic elements are designed in a way the user can experience the meaning sensuously. This concept of the body is denominated the integrated body. As the comparison with the notion of the body in Scott Brown, Venturi and Izenours book Learning from Las Vegas and in texts and buildings of the author’s contemporaries as Lynch, Norberg-Schulz and Kahn shows, the concept of the body has changed. By concentrating on the bodily perception architects and theoreticians become aware of the influence of the symbolic. The body is imbedded in a system of conventions and traditions affecting its actions. Unlike this, architects of the modern movement mainly refer to the physiological properties of the body, to its size and mechanical properties, as examples of texts, buildings and man models of Meyer, Neutra, Le Corbusier and Neufert show. It is noticeable that journalists often employ terms to describe Las Vegas’ architecture which are usually used in the phenomenological discourse as experience and atmosphere. It can be shown that the meaning of the philosophical notion are reflected in the architecture. As to architecture, experience does not only stands for “Erlebnisarchitektur” (which means architecture of the event) but relates to the long term influence the target group’s user has succeeded by interacting with the physical and symbolic environment. The architectural case study also shows, that planners employ techniques to generate atmospheres. Following the philosopher Böhme atmospheres are situated between the subject and the object and by appealing the senses. Thus the body is very close to architecture. The fact that different architectural movements use techniques to generate atmospheres shows, that the idea of the integrated body can be found in different contexts. The user’s reactions make clear that atmospheric spaces effect people. That is why those spaces are used for political economical aims. The use of the spatial effects does not depend solely on design questions but is directly linked to the political and economical situation.
KW  - Körper
KW  - Merleau-Ponty
KW  - Maurice / Phénoménologie de la perception
KW  - Phänomenologie
KW  - Taylorismus
KW  - Las Vegas <Nev.>
KW  - Venturi
KW  - Scott Brown and Partner
KW  - Hotel- und Kasinoarchitektur
KW  - Body
KW  - Phenomenology
KW  - Las Vegas (Nev.)
KW  - Architecture Theory
KW  - Jerde Partnership International
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20050727-6926
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Soibelman, Lucio
A1  - O'Brien, William
A1  - Elvin, George
T1  - Collaborative Design Processes: A Class on Concurrent Collaboration in Multidisciplinary Design
N2  - The rise of concurrent engineering in construction demands early team formation and constant communication throughout the project life cycle, but educational models in architecture, engineering and construction have been slow to adjust to this shift in project organization. Most students in these fields spend the majority of their college years working on individual projects that do not build teamwork or communication skills. Collaborative Design Processes (CDP) is a capstone design course where students from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the University of Florida learn methods of collaborative design enhanced by the use of information technology. Students work in multidisciplinary teams to collaborate from remote locations via the Internet on the design of a facility. An innovation of this course compared to previous efforts is that students also develop process designs for the integration of technology into the work of multidisciplinary design teams. The course thus combines both active and reflective learning about collaborative design and methods. The course is designed to provide students the experience, tools, and methods needed to improve design processes and better integrate the use of technology into AEC industry work practices. This paper describes the goals, outcomes and significance of this new, interdisciplinary course for distributed AEC education. Differences from existing efforts and lessons learned to promote collaborative practices are discussed. Principal conclusions are that the course presents effective pedagogy to promote collaborative design methods, but faces challenges in both technology and in traditional intra-disciplinary training of students.
KW  - Hochschulbildung
KW  - Entscheidungsunterstützung
KW  - Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1948
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Keller, Martin
A1  - Antoniadis, George
A1  - Menzel, Karsten
T1  - Resource Management for the Construction Industry
N2  - The management of resources is an essential task in each construction company. Today, ERP systems and e-Business systems are available to assist construction companies to efficiently organise the allocation of their personnel and equipment within the company, but they cannot provide the company with the idle resources for every single task that has to be performed during a construction project. Therefore, companies should have an alternative solution to better exploit expensive resources and compensate their fixed costs, but also have them available at the right time for their own business activities. This paper outlines the approach taken by the EU funded project “e-Sharing” (IST-2001-33325) to support resource management between construction companies. It will describe requirements for the management of construction resources, its core features, and the integration approach. Therefore, we will outline the approach of an integrated resource type model supporting the management and classification of construction equipment, construction tasks and qualification profiles. The development is based on a cross-domain analysis and evaluation of existing models. ...
KW  - Baubetrieb
KW  - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren
KW  - Betriebsmittel
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1679
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Likhitruangsilp, Veerasak
A1  - Ioannou, Photios
T1  - Risk-sensitive Markov Decision Process for Underground Construction Planning and Estimating
N2  - This paper presents an application of dynamic decision making under uncertainty in planning and estimating underground construction. The application of the proposed methodology is illustrated by its application to an actual tunneling project—The Hanging Lake Tunnel Project in Colorado, USA. To encompass the typical risks in underground construction, tunneling decisions are structured as a risk-sensitive Markov decision process that reflects the decision process faced by a contractor in each tunneling round. This decision process consists of five basic components: (1) decision stages (locations), (2) system states (ground classes and tunneling methods), (3) alternatives (tunneling methods), (4) ground class transition probabilities, and (5) tunneling cost structure. The paper also presents concepts related to risk preference that are necessary to model the contractor’s risk attitude, including the lottery concept, utility theory, and the delta property. The optimality equation is formulated, the model components are defined, and the model is solved by stochastic dynamic programming. The main results are the optimal construction plans and risk-adjusted project costs, both of which reflect the dynamics of subsurface construction, the uncertainty about geologic variability as a function of available information, and the contractor’s risk preference.
KW  - Mehragentensystem
KW  - Lernendes System
KW  - Tunnel
KW  - Markowschke
KW  - Kette
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2247
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
A1  - Kotani, Jun
A1  - Shitani, Tomoaki
T1  - A Steel Bridge Design System Architecture using VR-CAD and Web Service-based Multi-Agents
N2  - This paper presents a new design environment based on Multi-Agents and Virtual Reality (VR). In this research, a design system with a virtual reality function was developed. The virtual world was realized by using GL4Java, liquid crystal shutter glasses, sensor systems, etc. And the Multi-Agent CAD system with product models, which had been developed before, was integrated with the VR design system. A prototype system was developed for highway steel plate girder bridges, and was applied to a design problem. The application verified the effectiveness of the developed system.
KW  - Mehragentensystem
KW  - Lernendes System
KW  - Stahlbrücke
KW  - Virtuelle Realität
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2146
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Zierold, Sabine
T1  - Der mediale Raum der Architektur
T1  - The medial space of architecture
N2  - Der architektonische Raum wird als ein Medium der Kommunikation im Kontext der >neuen< Medien begriffen, aus der Erkenntnis, dass er schon immer ein Medium war und aus einer komplexen Medienstruktur in Abhängigkeit von anderen Medien besteht. Im Prozess von Handlung und Kommunikation ist der architektonische Raum das Medium, das räumliche Nähe von Individuen über alle Sinne und das Bewusstsein gleichzeitig intensiv ermöglicht. Der architektonische Raum als immersives Kommunikationsmedium erreicht im Zeitalter der >neuen< Medien eine neue Dimension, indem mehr und andere Wirklichkeitsalternativen der Kommunikation zur Verfügung stehen. N. Luhmann folgend, wird die Architektur aus der Sicht der Form/Medium-Differenz systemtheoretisch als strukturierter Möglichkeitsraum betrachtet. Der Raum ist das Medium für Formen des architektonischen Raumes, in dem Architektur überhaupt erst wirksam wird. Umgekehrt sind die Formen des architektonischen Raumes Medien für die Wahrnehmung einer Vielzahl von räumlichen Wirklichkeiten. Eine Fassade aus Stein oder Glas ist gebaute Form und kann als Medium Information kommunizieren. Medien werden ihrer Bestimmung um so besser gerecht, je mehr sie sich der Aufmerksamkeit entziehen und wie transparente Fenster hinter der Oberfläche der sinnlichen Wahrnehmung zurücktreten. Als >unwahrnehmbares< Medium ist der architektonische Raum damit eine hintergründige >Wirkungsmacht<, eine Bühne für die Entfaltung von Wirkung, Atmosphäre und Bewegung. Seine physische Wirklichkeit war schon immer durch virtuelle Wirklichkeiten oder Realitäten entgrenzt, die durch Techniken und Technologien der Simulation als künstliche Welten wahrnehmbar und kommunizierbar werden. Dies kann an tradierten Beispielen der gotischen Kathedrale, dem Panorama, den panoptischen Räumen, dem Theater, Kino oder den kontinuierlichen Räumen von der Moderne bis heute aufgezeigt weren. Virtuelle Räume gotischer Glasbilder oder barocker Decken- und Wandbilder im Medium des architektonischen Raumes sind uns geläufig. Die Immersion, das Eintauchen in diese virtuellen Wirklichkeitsspären löst die Wahrnehmung der eigenen körperlichen Präsenz in ihnen aus. Das Potential des virtuellen Raumes der Architektur besteht im Vergleich zu anderen virtuellen Realitäten von Text, Bild oder digitalen Medien in seiner Gebundenheit an die physische, räumliche Reizstruktur, der er die Eindringlichkeit und Komplexität seiner Wirkung verdankt. Es werden unterschiedliche Wechselwirkungen und gemeinsame Entwicklungen von zeitgenössischen Beispielen der Architektur mit den >neuen< Medien aufgezeigt. In der »sensitiven Wand« wird die physische Raumgrenze durch die Integration neuer Techniken und Technologien digitaler, elektronischer Medien etwas extrem Flexibles und Formbares in Interaktion mit dem Benutzer. Der H2O Pavillon (Oosterhuis und NOX, 1997) ist ein Beispiel dafür. Der ausgeprägt polysensorische Immersionsraum steht für die Einheit von digitaler und architektonischer Simulation. Die metaphorische Welt von Höhle und Quelle des Thermalbades Vals (P.Zumthor, 1996) ist die räumliche Reflexion auf die metaphorische Struktur virtueller Räume der >neuen< Medien. Die simulierte Wirklichkeit in den Medien Wasser, Stein und architektonischer Raum produziert schöpferisch den polysensorischen immersiven Zugang in die virtuellen Welten >authentischer< physischer Umgebung. Das >Sichtbare< im Medium Raum der Architektur ist ohne das >Unsichtbare< nicht zu begreifen bzw. das sinnlich Wahrnehmbare nicht ohne das Unwahrnehmbare. Das Erkennen dieser Relation von Form und Medium ermöglicht die Formulierung des neuen Begriffes des medialen Raumes der Architektur, der zur Basis für eine Medientheorie der Architektur wird, als Sichtweise der Entgrenzung des physischen Raumes durch den virtuellen Raum für die subjektive Wahrnehmung, Handlung und Kommunikation.
N2  - Within the context of the >new< media, architectonic space must be understood as a medium of communication. This is because it was always a medium, coexisting with other media within a complex media structure. Ensconced as it is within a process of activity and communication, architectonic space is the one medium that facilitates such a close proximity of individuals whose senses and consciousness thus experience a simultaneity of intensity. The architectonic space as an immersive communication medium attained a new dimension in the age of the >new< media, interactive communication availing itself of an increased number of alternative realities. Following the work of N. Luhmann, architecture may be viewed from the perspective of form/medium-difference as a structured space of possibilities within a theory of systems. The space is the medium for forms of architectonic space in the sense that only then does the architecture itself become apparent. The contrary is the case where forms of architectonic space act as media for the apperception of numerous spatial realities. A façade made of stone or glass is built form and as a medium can impart information. The more media abandon their advertence, the better they fulfil their appropriateness and recede like transparent windows behind the surface of animal consciousness. Thus, architectonic space as a >non-perceptible< medium becomes an >agent of power<, a stage for the evolvement of agency, atmosphere and movement/action. Its physical reality was always borderless, not bounded by virtual actualities or realities which are themselves perceivable and communicable as artificial worlds via the techniques and technologies of simulation. Right up to the present day, this is exemplified by artifices such as the Gothic cathedral, the panorama and panoramic spaces, the theatre, the cinema, or the continuous spaces of modernism. Virtual spaces defined by Gothic stained glass or ceiling and wall murals of the Baroque – within the medium of the architectonic space lest we forget – are all familiar to us. Immersion, in the sense of submerging in these virtual sanctums of reality, releases the apperception of each corporeal presence. In comparison to other virtual realities such as text, image or digital media, the potential of the virtual space in architecture arises out of its bondage to the physical and spatial structure of stimuli on which the forcefulness and complexity of its effectiveness depends. Citing examples of contemporary architecture points up various interdependencies between and common evolutions among the >new< media. As new techniques and technologies of digital and electronic media are introduced, the physical spatial border of the >sensitive wall< becomes in terms of interaction increasingly pliable and ductile for the user. The H2O Pavilion (Oosterhuis and NOX, 1997) is just one example. The highly polysensoric immersion space stands for the unity of digital and architectonic simulation. The metaphoric world of caverns and wells of the hot springs at Vals (P. Zumthor, 1996) is the spatial reflexion on the metaphoric structure of virtual spaces as exemplified by the >new< media. The simulated reality in the media water, stone, and architectonic space, enables in an inventive way the polysensoric and immersive access to the virtual worlds of the >authentic< physical environment. That which is >visible< in the medium of architectural space is not understandable without the >invisible<; in other words, the state of sensory perceptibility depends on the existence of the non-perceptible. The recognition of this relation between form and medium allows a new term to be formulated: the >medial space of architecture<. This in turn becomes the basis for a new media theory of architecture itself, a premise defined as a perspective on the debordering of physical space through the virtual one and existing to provide subjective apperception, activity and communication.
KW  - Architektur
KW  - Medium
KW  - Form
KW  - Bauform
KW  - Raumwahrnehmung
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Imagination
KW  - Kommunikation
KW  - Immersion <Virtuelle Realität>
KW  - Illusion
KW  - architektonischer Raum
KW  - Virtualität
KW  - architectural space
KW  - virtuality
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20060806-8106
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Menzel, Karsten
A1  - Dittrich, Jörg
A1  - Domschke, Sven
T1  - About the implantation process of mobile computing in AEC
N2  - The AEC industry is conscious of the potentials arising from the usage of mobile computer systems to increase productivity by streamlining their business processes. Discussions are no longer on whether or not to use a mobile computer solution, but rather, on how it should be used. However, the implantation process of this new technology in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) and Facility Management (FM) practise is very slow and should be improved. One way to encourage and ease the usage of mobile computer systems in AEC is a more process-oriented usability and context appropriateness of mobile computer solutions. Context-sensitivity is defined as a crucial feature to be taken into account for further research in the area of Mobile Computing. Context-sensitive, mobile IT-solutions depend on two features: (1) flexible definitions of (construction) processes describing the context and (2) tools for flexible, multi-dimensional information management representing the context. It is on this premise that the authors propose the n-dimensional data management approach for the implementation of mobile computing solutions. In this paper, we analyse working scenarios in the AEC and FM sector, defining context aspects which are transformed and formalized as dimension hierarchies of the envisaged context model.
KW  - Mobile Computing
KW  - Funknetz
KW  - Bauwesen
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1106
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - van Treeck, Christoph
A1  - Rank, Ernst
T1  - Analysis of building structure and topology based on Graph Theory
N2  - Individual views on a building product of people involved in the design process imply different models for planning and calculation. In order to interpret these geometrical, topological and semantical data of a building model we identify a structural component graph, a graph of room faces, a room graph and a relational object graph as aids and we explain algorithms to derive these relations. The application of the technique presented is demonstrated by the analysis and discretization of a sample model in the scope of building energy simulation.
KW  - Produktmodell
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Bautechnik
KW  - Graphentheorie
KW  - Ingenieurbau
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2308
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Gordon, Chris
A1  - Akinci, Burcu
A1  - Garrett, James H.
T1  - An Approach for Planning Sensor-Based Inspection of the Built Environment
N2  - The promise of lower costs for sensors that can be used for construction inspection means that inspectors will continue to have new choices to consider in creating inspection plans. However, these emerging inspection methods can require different activities, resources, and decisions such that it can be difficult to compare the emerging methods with other methods that satisfy the same inspection needs. Furthermore, the context in which inspection is performed can significantly influence how well certain inspection methods are suited for a given set of goals for inspection. Context information, such as weather, security, and the regulatory environment, can be used to understand what information about a component should be collected and how an inspection should be performed. The research described in this paper is aimed at developing an approach for comparing and selecting inspection plans. This approach consists of (1) refinement of given goals for inspection, if necessary, in order to address any additional information needs due to a given context and in order to reach a level of detail that can be addressed by an inspection activity; (2) development of constraints to describe how an inspection should be achieved; (3) matching of goals to available inspection methods, and generation of activities and resource plans in order to address the goals; and (4) selection of an inspection plan from among the possible plans that have been identified. The authors illustrate this approach with observations made at a local construction site.
KW  - Monitorüberwachung
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1500
ER  -