TY - CHAP A1 - Bannwart, E. T1 - "CyberCity" - die Stadt im Kopf N2 - >CyberCity< ist ein Konzept, das durch ein virtuelles Abbild der räumlichen Realität einer Stadt (Berlin) eine uns bekannte Wahrnehmungsumgebung als Orientierungs- und Navigationserleichterung bereitstellt, um über diesen virtuellen Browser möglichst schnell und anschaulich an eine gewünschte Information zu kommen. Dieses Umgebungsmodell ist auch als Simulationsmodell für die Visualisierung stadträumlicher Beurteilungen neuer Projekte, verkehrstechnischer Massnahmen und ökologischer Belastungen geeignet. Insbesondere ist es als Orientierungsumgebung für die Telepräsenz über die Kommunikationsnetze gedacht, die über die virtuellen Repräsentanten (Avatare) eine besondere gesellschaftliche Brisanz erhält. KW - Stadtplanung KW - Virtuelle Realität Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4247 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krebs, F. A1 - Brück, E. T1 - 3D-Computergrafik und -animation als Instrument der Visualisierung im Bereich Entwurf und Denkmalpflege N2 - Seit mehreren Jahren wird im Fachbereich Gestaltung, Studiengang Innenarchitektur 3D-Computergrafik und -animation in Lehrveranstaltungen ausgebildet und in Projekt- und Diplomarbeiten als Darstellungsmedium angewandt. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellen dabei die 3D-Visualisierungen von historischen Gebäuden dar. Mit den beiden nachfolgenden Beispielen soll der Einsatz und die curricularen Verknüpfung der CA-Technologie mit Studienarbeiten und Projekten zum Thema >Denkmalpflege< aufgezeigt werden. Rekonstruktion und Visualisierung des ehemaligen >Jagdschlosses Platte< bei Wiesbaden. Mit Unterstützung einer Kunsthistorikerin wurde in einer Studienarbeit das im Krieg zerstörte ehemalige Jagdschloß im Computer nachgebildet. Neben der Darstellung des Gebäudeäußeren und des zentralen Innenbereiches wurde eine Animation über die Triangulierung der klassizistischen Geometrie erstellt. Umnutzung historischer Bausubstanz am Beispiel der ehemaligen Klostersanlage >Schiffenberg< bei Gießen. Im Rahmen einer Projektarbeit wurden mehrer Konzepte entwickelt, Entwürfe erstellt und mittels Computeranimationen öffentlich präsentiert. In Kooperation mit dem Studiengang Fernsehtechnik (FH-Wiesbaden) wurde von zwei Studenten eine Videodokumentation über den gesamten Projektverlauf erstellt. Neben dem Aufzeigen der Arbeitsprozesse und dem Vorstellen des Lehrkonzeptes für die curriculare Einbindung der CA-Technologie werden aktuelle Studienergebnisse anhand von Videoprojektionen vorgestellt. KW - Architektur KW - Visualisierung KW - Dreidimensionales Modell KW - Computergraphik Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5235 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vaarmann, Otu T1 - A class of rapidly convergent interative Methods for Problems in mathematical Modelling N2 - Methods with the convergence order p 2 (Newton`s, tangent hyperbolas, tangent parabolas etc.) and their approximate variants are studied. Conditions are presented under which the approximate variants preserve their convergence rate intrinsic to these methods and some computational aspects (possibilities to organize parallel computation, globalization of a method, the solution of the linear equations versus the matrix inversion at every iteration etc.) are discussed. Polyalgorithmic computational schemes (hybrid methods) combining the best features of various methods are developed and possibilities of their application to numerical solution of two-point boundary-value problem in ordinary differential equations and decomposition-coordination problem in convex programming are analyzed. KW - Mathematisches Modell KW - Dialogsystem Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5223 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Montag, U. T1 - A New Efficient Concept for Elasto-plastic Simulations of Shell Responses N2 - For the analysis of arbitrary, by Finite Elements discretized shell structures, an efficient numerical simulation strategy with quadratic convergence including geometrically and physically nonlinear effects will be presented. In the beginning, a Finite-Rotation shell theory allowing constant shear deformations across the shell thickness is given in an isoparametric formulation. The assumed-strain concept enables the derivation of a locking-free finite element. The Layered Approach will be applied to ensure a sufficiently precise prediction of the propagation of plastic zones even throughout the shell thickness. The Riks-Wempner-Wessels global iteration scheme will be enhanced by a Line-Search procedure to ensure the tracing of nonlinear deformation paths with rather great load steps even in the post-peak range. The elastic-plastic material model includes isotropic hardening. A new Operator-Split return algorithm ensures considerably exact solution of the initial-value problem even for greater load steps. The combination with consistently linearized constitutive equations ensures quadratic convergence in a close neighbourhood to the exact solution. Finally, several examples will demonstrate accuracy and numerical efficiency of the developed algorithm. KW - Schale KW - Elastoplastizität KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4364 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Foorgber, U. A1 - Müller, Christian T1 - A Planning Process Model for Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Building Construction N2 - Increasing complexity of today's buildings requires a high level of integration in the planning process. Common planning strategies, where individual project partners cooperate mainly to exchange results, are not suitable to jointly develop project goals and objectives. Integrated planning, a more holistic approach to deal with complex problems, is based on a high degree of communication amoung team members and leads to a goal oriented cooperation. Current approaches in the reasearch area of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) poorly meet the requirements in planning. A planning process model, based on the principles of integrated planning will be introduced, aimed to provide the background for the implementation of a CSCW-platform. KW - Bauwesen KW - Integrierte Planung KW - Computer Supported Cooperative Work Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4922 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rebolj, D. T1 - A Product Model of a Road N2 - Many errors and delays frequently appear when data is exchanged between particular tasks in the lifecycle of the road. Inter-task connections are therefore of great importance for the quality of the final product. The article describes a product model of a road wich is the kernel of an integrated information system intended to support all important stages of the road lifecycle: design, evaluation (through different analysis procedures), construction, and maintainance. Since particular tasks are often executed at different places and in different companies, the interconnections are supported by a special metafile which contains all specific data of the product model. The concept of the integrated system is object and component oriented. Additionally, existing conventional program packages are included to support some common tasks (methods). A conventional relational database system as well as an open spatial database system with the relevant GIS functionality are included to support the data structures of the model. KW - Straße KW - Modellierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4584 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Skrinar, Matjaz T1 - A simple FEM Beam Element with an Arbitrary Number of Cracks N2 - To fulfil safety requirements the changes in the static and/or dynamic behaviour of the structure must be analysed with great care. These changes are often caused by local reduction of the stiffness of the structure caused by the irregularities in the structure, as for example cracks. In simple structures such analysis can be performed directly, by solving equations of motion, but for more complex structures a different approach, usually numerical, must be applied. The problem of crack implementation into the structure behaviour has been studied by many authors who have usually modelled the crack as a massless rotational spring of suitable stiffness placed at the beam at the location where the crack occurs. Recently, the numerical procedure for the computation of the stiffness matrix for a beam element with a single transverse crack has been replaced with the element stiffness matrix written in fully symbolic form. A detailed comparison of the results obtained by using 200 2D finite elements with those obtained with a single cracked beam element has confirmed the usefulness of such element. KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Rissbildung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4287 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berkowski, P. A1 - Boron, Jacek T1 - An Algorithm of compromise structural Optimisation of Bar Structures N2 - Authors' own research in applied unicriterial and multicriterial optimisation of bar structures, and also an analysis of accessible bibliography on structural synthesis allows to present herein an attempt to define a general algorithm for proceeding in formulation of a structural optimisation problem. A practical aspect of such an algorithm consists, in author's opinion, in enabling a designer a correct creation of a mathematical model of synthesis problems, independently of known mathematical methods employed to looking for an unconditional extremum of function of several variables. A proposed algorithm is not a ready-for-use tool for solving all the optimisation problems, but it constitutes an easy-to-expand theoretical basis. This basis should allow a designer to create a proper set of compromises on the way to construct a mathematical model of a specific optimisation problem. The algorithm, presented in the paper, is constructed as a sequence of the one-after-another problem questions, on which the designer answers: yes or no, and a set of selections from the knowledge base consisting of the elements of an optimisation problem components. The order of making questions adopted by the authors in the algorithm is subjective, however it is supported by their experience, both in applied optimisation and in designing of structures like trusses or frames. KW - Stabwerk KW - Optimierung Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-5264 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sariyildiz, Sevil A1 - Schwenck, M. T1 - An Integrated Software Environment for the Architectural Design Process N2 - The general motivation of this research is to develop software to support the handling of the increased complexity of architectural design. In this paper we describe a system providing general support during the whole process. Instead of only developing design tools we are also addressing the problem of the operating environment of these tools. We conclude that design tools have to be integrated in an open, modular, distributed, user friendly and efficient environment. Two major fields have to be addressed - the development of design tools and the realisation of an integrated system as their operation environment. We will briefly focus on the latter by discussing known technologies in the field of information technology and other design disciplines that can be used to realise such an environment. Regarding the first subject we have to state the need of a detailed tool specification. As a solution we suggest a strategy where the tool functions are specified on the basis of a transformation, where a hierarchical process model is mapped into specifications of different design tools realising appropriate support for all sub-processes of architectural design. Using this strategy the main steps to develop such a support system are: implementation of a framework as basis for the integrated design system decision whether the tool specification are already implemented in available tools in this case these tools can be integrated using known methods for tool coupling otherwise new design tools have to be developed according to the framework KW - Architektur KW - CAD Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4447 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hohmann, Georg A1 - Fiedler, Hans-Jürgen T1 - Ansprüche an Gebäude von morgen - Integration intelligenter Systeme N2 - Die technische Entwicklung, insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der Digitaltechnik eröffnet heute neue und sehr weitreichende Möglichkeiten für die Automatisierung in Zweck- und Wohnbauten. Die zur Verfügung stehenden technischen Komponenten (intelligente Sensoren und Aktoren sowie ein hausinternes Netz für die Datenübertragung -Feldbus-) unterscheiden sich für diese Einsatzfälle kaum. Die Zielstellungen sind jedoch gänzlich andere. Intelligenz im Wohnbau bedeutet vor allem intelligente Alltagsbewältigung (z.B. Zeiteinsparung), Komfort und Wohlbefinden. Daß im Heimbereich nichtfunktionale Faktoren (Human Interface, Ästhetik, Preis, Attraktivität) eine große Rolle spielen, ist in das Problembewußtsein der Gerätehersteller und Käufer getreten. Im Bereich der Heimautomatisierung werden zunehmend moderne, die Möglichkeiten der konventioellen Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik ergänzende Technologien wie Fuzzy- Steuerungen zur Optimierung der internen Arbeitsweise von Geräten eingesetzt. Die informatorische Vernetzung im Wohnbau unterstützt darüberhinaus wichtige Anliegen des Gebäudemanagements (energetische, ergonomische und ökologische Betrachtungen der Gebäudenutzung unter wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten). KW - Gebäudeleittechnik KW - Lernendes System Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-4308 ER -