TY - JOUR A1 - Band, Shahab S. A1 - Janizadeh, Saeid A1 - Chandra Pal, Subodh A1 - Saha, Asish A1 - Chakrabortty, Rabbin A1 - Shokri, Manouchehr A1 - Mosavi, Amir Hosein T1 - Novel Ensemble Approach of Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN) Model and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm for Prediction of Gully Erosion Susceptibility JF - Sensors N2 - This study aims to evaluate a new approach in modeling gully erosion susceptibility (GES) based on a deep learning neural network (DLNN) model and an ensemble particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with DLNN (PSO-DLNN), comparing these approaches with common artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) models in Shirahan watershed, Iran. For this purpose, 13 independent variables affecting GES in the study area, namely, altitude, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, drainage density, distance from a river, land use, soil, lithology, rainfall, stream power index (SPI), and topographic wetness index (TWI), were prepared. A total of 132 gully erosion locations were identified during field visits. To implement the proposed model, the dataset was divided into the two categories of training (70%) and testing (30%). The results indicate that the area under the curve (AUC) value from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) considering the testing datasets of PSO-DLNN is 0.89, which indicates superb accuracy. The rest of the models are associated with optimal accuracy and have similar results to the PSO-DLNN model; the AUC values from ROC of DLNN, SVM, and ANN for the testing datasets are 0.87, 0.85, and 0.84, respectively. The efficiency of the proposed model in terms of prediction of GES was increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that the DLNN model and its ensemble with the PSO algorithm can be used as a novel and practical method to predict gully erosion susceptibility, which can help planners and managers to manage and reduce the risk of this phenomenon. KW - Geoinformatik KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - gully erosion susceptibility KW - deep learning neural network KW - partical swarm optimization KW - OA-Publikationsfonds2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210122-43341 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/19/5609 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 20, issue 19, article 5609 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reichert, Ina A1 - Olney, Peter A1 - Lahmer, Tom T1 - Combined approach for optimal sensor placement and experimental verification in the context of tower-like structures JF - Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring N2 - When it comes to monitoring of huge structures, main issues are limited time, high costs and how to deal with the big amount of data. In order to reduce and manage them, respectively, methods from the field of optimal design of experiments are useful and supportive. Having optimal experimental designs at hand before conducting any measurements is leading to a highly informative measurement concept, where the sensor positions are optimized according to minimal errors in the structures’ models. For the reduction of computational time a combined approach using Fisher Information Matrix and mean-squared error in a two-step procedure is proposed under the consideration of different error types. The error descriptions contain random/aleatoric and systematic/epistemic portions. Applying this combined approach on a finite element model using artificial acceleration time measurement data with artificially added errors leads to the optimized sensor positions. These findings are compared to results from laboratory experiments on the modeled structure, which is a tower-like structure represented by a hollow pipe as the cantilever beam. Conclusively, the combined approach is leading to a sound experimental design that leads to a good estimate of the structure’s behavior and model parameters without the need of preliminary measurements for model updating. KW - Strukturmechanik KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - tower-like structures KW - experimental validation KW - mean-squared error KW - fisher-information matrix Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210804-44701 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13349-020-00448-7 VL - 2021 IS - volume 11 SP - 223 EP - 234 PB - Heidelberg CY - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schirmer, Ulrike A1 - Osburg, Andrea T1 - A new method for the quantification of adsorbed styrene acrylate copolymer particles on cementitious surfaces: a critical comparative study JF - SN Applied Sciences N2 - The amount of adsorbed styrene acrylate copolymer (SA) particles on cementitious surfaces at the early stage of hydration was quantitatively determined using three different methodological approaches: the depletion method, the visible spectrophotometry (VIS) and the thermo-gravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry (TG–MS). Considering the advantages and disadvantages of each method, including the respectively required sample preparation, the results for four polymer-modified cement pastes, varying in polymer content and cement fineness, were evaluated. To some extent, significant discrepancies in the adsorption degrees were observed. There is a tendency that significantly lower amounts of adsorbed polymers were identified using TG-MS compared to values determined with the depletion method. Spectrophotometrically generated values were ​​lying in between these extremes. This tendency was found for three of the four cement pastes examined and is originated in sample preparation and methodical limitations. The main influencing factor is the falsification of the polymer concentration in the liquid phase during centrifugation. Interactions in the interface between sediment and supernatant are the cause. The newly developed method, using TG–MS for the quantification of SA particles, proved to be suitable for dealing with these revealed issues. Here, instead of the fluid phase, the sediment is examined with regard to the polymer content, on which the influence of centrifugation is considerably lower. KW - Zement KW - Polymere KW - polymer adsorption KW - cement KW - visible spectrophotometry KW - depletion method KW - mass spectrometry Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210804-44729 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-020-03825-5 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 2, article 2061 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dokhanchi, Najmeh Sadat A1 - Arnold, Jörg A1 - Vogel, Albert A1 - Völker, Conrad T1 - Measurement of indoor air temperature distribution using acoustic travel-time tomography: Optimization of transducers location and sound-ray coverage of the room JF - Measurement N2 - Acoustic travel-time TOMography (ATOM) allows the measurement and reconstruction of air temperature distributions. Due to limiting factors, such as the challenge of travel-time estimation of the early reflections in the room impulse response, which heavily depends on the position of transducers inside the measurement area, ATOM is applied mainly outdoors. To apply ATOM in buildings, this paper presents a numerical solution to optimize the positions of transducers. This optimization avoids reflection overlaps, leading to distinguishable travel-times in the impulse response reflectogram. To increase the accuracy of the measured temperature within tomographic voxels, an additional function is employed to the proposed numerical method to minimize the number of sound-path-free voxels, ensuring the best sound-ray coverage of the room. Subsequently, an experimental set-up has been performed to verify the proposed numerical method. The results indicate the positive impact of the optimal positions of transducers on the distribution of ATOM-temperatures. KW - Bauphysik KW - Bauklimatik KW - Akustische Laufzeit-Tomographie Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220524-46473 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263224120304723?via%3Dihub VL - 2020 IS - Volume 164, article 107934 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cerejeiras, Paula A1 - Kähler, Uwe A1 - Legatiuk, Anastasiia A1 - Legatiuk, Dmitrii T1 - Discrete Hardy Spaces for Bounded Domains in Rn JF - Complex Analysis and Operator Theory N2 - Discrete function theory in higher-dimensional setting has been in active development since many years. However, available results focus on studying discrete setting for such canonical domains as half-space, while the case of bounded domains generally remained unconsidered. Therefore, this paper presents the extension of the higher-dimensional function theory to the case of arbitrary bounded domains in Rn. On this way, discrete Stokes’ formula, discrete Borel–Pompeiu formula, as well as discrete Hardy spaces for general bounded domains are constructed. Finally, several discrete Hilbert problems are considered. KW - Dirac-Operator KW - Randwertproblem KW - Funktionentheorie KW - discrete Dirac operator KW - discrete monogenic functions KW - discrete boundary value problems Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210804-44746 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11785-020-01047-6 VL - 2021 IS - Volume 15, article 4 SP - 1 EP - 32 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becher, Lia A1 - Völker, Conrad A1 - Rodehorst, Volker A1 - Kuhne, Michael T1 - Background-oriented schlieren technique for two-dimensional visualization of convective indoor air flows JF - Optics and Lasers in Engineering N2 - This article focuses on further developments of the background-oriented schlieren (BOS) technique to visualize convective indoor air flow, which is usually defined by very small density gradients. Since the light rays deflect when passing through fluids with different densities, BOS can detect the resulting refractive index gradients as integration along a line of sight. In this paper, the BOS technique is used to yield a two-dimensional visualization of small density gradients. The novelty of the described method is the implementation of a highly sensitive BOS setup to visualize the ascending thermal plume from a heated thermal manikin with temperature differences of minimum 1 K. To guarantee steady boundary conditions, the thermal manikin was seated in a climate laboratory. For the experimental investigations, a high-resolution DLSR camera was used capturing a large field of view with sufficient detail accuracy. Several parameters such as various backgrounds, focal lengths, room air temperatures, and distances between the object of investigation, camera, and structured background were tested to find the most suitable parameters to visualize convective indoor air flow. Besides these measurements, this paper presents the analyzing method using cross-correlation algorithms and finally the results of visualizing the convective indoor air flow with BOS. The highly sensitive BOS setup presented in this article complements the commonly used invasive methods that highly influence weak air flows. KW - Raumklima KW - Raumluftströmungen KW - Flow visualization KW - Convective indoor air flow KW - Background-oriented schlieren KW - Human thermal plume KW - Cross-correlation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220810-46972 N1 - This article is published by Elsevier in Optics and Lasers in Engineering 134 (2020) 106282 and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106282 Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the authors and Elsevier Ltd. VL - 2020 IS - Volume 134, article 106282 ER - TY - THES A1 - Javanmardi, Leila T1 - URBANISM AND DICTATORSHIP. A Study on Urban Planning in Contemporary History of Iran, Second Pahlavi: 1941-1979 N2 - The evolution of urbanism under dictatorship forms the core of the current research. This thesis is part of a research network at Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, which studies the 20th century's urbanism under different dictatorships. The network has provided a cross-cultural and cross-border environment and has enabled the author to communicate with other like-minded researchers. The 2015 published book of this group 'Urbanism and Dictatorship: A European Perspective' strengthens the foundation of this research's theoretical and methodological framework. This thesis investigates urban policies and plans leading to the advancement of urbanization and the transformation of urban space in Iran during the second Pahlavi (1941-1979) when the country faced a milestone in its history: Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. By reflecting the influence of economic and socio‐political determinants of the time on urbanism and the urbanization process, this work intends to critically trace the effect of dictatorship on evolved urbanism before and after the oil nationalization in 1951. The research on the second Pahlavi's urbanism has been limitedly addressed and has only recently expanded. Most of the conducted studies date back to less than a decade ago and could not incorporate all the episodes of the second Pahlavi urbanism. These works have often investigated urbanism and architecture by focusing merely on the physical features and urban products in different years regardless of the importance of urbanism as a tool in the service of hegemony. In other words, the majority of the available literature does not intend to address the socio-economic and political roots of urban transformations and by questioning 'what has been built?' investigates the individual urban projects and plans designed by individual designers without interlinking these projects to the state's urban planning program and tracing the beneficiaries of those projects or questioning 'built for whom?' Moreover, some chapters of this modern urbanism have rarely been investigated. For instance, scant research has looked into the works of foreign designers and consultants involved in the projects such as Peter Georg Ahrens or Constantinos A. Doxiadis. Similarly, the urbanism of the first decade of the second Pahlavi, including the government of Mossadegh, has mainly been overlooked. Therefore, by critically analyzing the state's urban planning program and the process of urbanization in Iran during the second Pahlavi, this research aims to bridge the literature gap and to unravel the effect of the power structure on urban planning and products while seeking to find a pattern behind the regime's policies. The main body of this work is concentrated on studying the history of urbanism in Iran, of which collecting data and descriptions played a crucial role. To prevent the limitations associated with singular methods, this research's methodology is based on methodological triangulation (Denzin, 2017). With the triangulation scheme, the data is gathered by combining different qualitative and quantitative methods such as the library, archival and media research, online resources, non-participatory observation, and photography. For the empirical part, the city of Tehran is selected as the case study. Moreover, individual non-structured interviews with the locals were conducted to gain more insights regarding urban projects. KW - Stadtplanung KW - Modernisierung KW - Autokratie KW - Segregation KW - Iran KW - Pahlavi KW - Tehran KW - Dictatorship KW - Urban Planning KW - Modernization Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220224-45971 ER - TY - JFULL ED - Engell, Lorenz ED - Siegert, Bernhard T1 - Schwerpunkt Schalten und Walten N2 - What you are about to read is the very last issue of the ZMK. Since our overall research enterprise, the IKKM, has to cease all of its activities due to the end of its twelve years’ funding by the German federal government, the ZMK will also come to an end. Its last topic, Schalten und Walten has also been the subject of the concluding biannual conference of the IKKM, and we hope it will be a fitting topic to resume the research of the IKKM on Operative Ontologies. Although this final issue is in English, we decided to leave its title in German: Schalten und Walten. As it is the case for the name of the IKKM, (Internationales Kolleg für Kulturtechnikforschung und Medienphilosophie), the term seems untranslatable to us, not only for the poetic reason of the rhyming sound of the words. Switching and Ruling might be accepted as English versions, but quite an unbridgeable difference remains. In German, Schalten und Walten is a rather common and quite widespread idiom that can be found in everyday life. Whoever, the idiom stipulates, is able to execute Schalten und Walten has the power to act, has freedom of decision and power of disposition. Although both terms are mentioned together and belong together in the German expression Schalten und Walten, they are nevertheless complements to each other. They both refer to the exercise and existence of domination, disposal or power, but they nonetheless designate two quite different modes of being. Schalten is not so much sheer command over something, but government or management. It is linked to control, intervention and change, in short: it is operative and goes along with distinctive measures and cause-and-effect relations. The English equivalent switching reflects this more or less adequately. KW - Medienwissenschaft KW - Kulturwissenschaft Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/ZMK-11-20 SN - 2366-0767 N1 - Lizenz CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 VL - 2020 IS - 11.2020 PB - Felix Meiner Verlag CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seichter, Cosima Zita A1 - Neßler, Miriam A1 - Knopf, Paul T1 - Mapping In-Betweenness. The Refugee District in Belgrade in the Context of Migration, Urban Development, and Border Regimes JF - Movements. Journal for Critical Migration and Border Regime Studies N2 - The contribution explores the migratory situation on the Balkans and more specifically in the so-called Refugee District in Belgrade from a spatial perspective. By visualizing the areas of tensions in the Refugee District, the city of Belgrade, Serbia and Europe it aims to disentangle the political and socio-spatial levels that lead to the stuck situation of in-betweenness at the gates of the European Union. KW - Europäische Union KW - Balkan KW - Flüchtlingspolitik KW - Balkanroute Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210806-44807 UR - http://movements-journal.org/issues/08.balkanroute/11.seichter,nessler,knopf--mapping-in-betweenness.html VL - 2020 IS - Volume 5, Issue 1 SP - 1 EP - 9 CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thamer, Florian A1 - Turnheim, Tina T1 - INTRAAKTIVE THEATERLABORE – Theater der Sorge im Setting des ZRM3000 T2 - Experimente lernen, Techniken tauschen. Ein spekulatives Handbuch N2 - das Theater der sorge ist konzipiert als 3-Phasen-modell: in der 1. Phase geht es um die hersTellung einer laborsituation, in der präfigurative lebens-, denk- und arbeitsformen in diskursiver und spielerischer weise präsentisch erprobt und in konstituierende Prozesse übertragen werden können; in der 2. Phase geht es um die gemeinschaftliche Konzeption, Vorbereitung und durchführung einer das labor abschließenden öffentlichen auFsTellung, die auf den kollektiven erfahrungen und ergebnissen der labore basiert. dadurch können gesellschaftliche resonanzen erzeugt und die konstituierenden Prozesse vorläufig instituiert werden. in der 3.Phase geht es dann darum, Vorbereitung: alle inhaltlichen erkenntnisse und ästhetischen Versuche in eine wiederholbare Theaterinszenierung / Performance zu überführen. die nötigen Voraussetzungen und bedingungen für diese von uns Vorstellungen genannten Formate sind für die hier verhandelte Fragestellung nicht von bedeutung – respektive würden sie den vorhandenen rahmen überschreiten – daher sparen wir diesen Komplex an dieser stelle aus. KW - Theater KW - Theatermaschine Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20201009-42610 UR - https://nocturne-plattform.de/text/intraaktive-theaterlabore SP - 233 EP - 269 PB - Nocturne CY - Berlin und Weimar ER -