TY - THES A1 - Romallosa, Aries Roda D. T1 - Briquette Production By The Informal Sector: The Case of UCLA in Iloilo City, Philippines N2 - The construction and operation of a sanitary landfill (SLF) in the Philippines presents concerns on the regulation of the activities of the informal sector in the area. In anticipation of these directives, an association of informal waste reclaimers group called Uswag Calajunan Livelihood Association, Inc. (UCLA) was formed in May 2009. One option identified was the waste-to-energy activity through the production of fuel briquettes. With the availability of raw materials in the area, what was lacking then was an appropriate technology that would cater to their needs. This study, therefore, presented the case of UCLA on how socio-economic and technical aspects was integrated for the development and improvement of a briquetting technology needed in the production of quality briquettes as part of their income generating activities. A non-experimental posttest only design was utilized for the collection of descriptive information. Descriptions and discussions were also made on the enhancement of the briquetting machine from the first hand-press molder developed until the finalized design was attained. Results revealed that the improved briquetting technology withstood the wear and tear of operation showing a significant (P<0.01) increase on the production rate (220 pcs/hr; 4 kg/hr) and bulk density (444.83 kg/m3) of briquettes produced. The quality of cylindrical briquettes produced in terms of bulk density, heating value (15.13 MJ/kg), moisture (6.2%), N and S closely met or has met the requirements of DIN 51731. Based on the operating expenses, the briquettes may be marked-up to Php0.25/pc (USD0.006) or Php15.00/kg (USD0.34) for profit generation. The potential daily earnings of Php130.00 (USD2.95) to Php288.56 (USD6.56) generated in producing briquettes are higher when compared to the majority of waste reclaimers’ daily income of Php124.00 (USD2.82). The high positive response (93%) on the usability of briquettes and the willingness of the respondents (81%) to buy them when sold in the market indicates its promising potential as fuel in the nearby communities. Results of briquette production citing the case of UCLA could be considered as potential source of income given the social, technical, economic and environmental feasibility of the experiment. This method of utilizing wastes in an urban setting of a developing country with similar socio-economic and physical set-ups may also be recommended for testing or replication. KW - Biotechnologie KW - Briquette Production KW - Briquetting KW - Biomass KW - Informal Sector KW - Resource Management KW - Developing Countries KW - Biomass Technology KW - Waste to Energy KW - Biomasse KW - Brikettierung Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170620-32335 ER - TY - THES A1 - Soyez, Konrad T1 - Zur Anwendung des Optimalitätsprinzips in der Ökotechnologie : Beitrag zur Grundlegung einer nachhaltigen Produktion N2 - Ziel der Arbeit ist es, das Arbeitsgebiet der Ökotechnologie durch die praxisbezogene Prüfung von ökologischen Prinzipien und ihre Umsetzung im Rahmen des Optimalitätsprinzips zur Prozess- und Verfahrensentwicklung weiter zu fundieren. Das soll auch dazu beitragen, Entscheidungen für die Gestaltung von stoffwandelnden Prozessen sowie deren Einbindung in gesamtgesellschaftliche Prozesse auf einer nachhaltigkeitsbezogenen richigen objektiven Basis und unter jeweiliger Abwägung von Aufwand und Nutzen , gemessen an dem ausgewählten Zielkriterium, zu treffen. KW - Umweltschutz KW - Technologie KW - Biotechnologie KW - Abfallwirtschaft KW - Ökotechnologie ; Optimalitätsprinzip ; ökologisches Prinzip Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20041124-2324 ER -