TY - CHAP A1 - Boukamp, Frank A1 - Akinci, Burcu T1 - Towards Automated Defect Detection: Object-oriented Modeling of Construction Specifications N2 - This paper describes an ongoing research on the representation and reasoning about construction specifications, which is part of a bigger research project that aims at developing a formalism for automating the identification of deviations and defects on construction sites. We specifically describe the requirements on product and process models and an approach for representing and reasoning about construction specifications to enable automated detection and assessment of construction deviations and defects. This research builds on the previous research on modeling design specifications and extends and elaborates concept of contexts developed in that domain. The paper provides an overview of how the construction specifications are being modele d in this research and points out future steps that need to be accomplished to develop the envisioned automated deviation and defect detection system. KW - Bauwerk KW - Datenmanagement KW - Modellierung KW - Norm Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1315 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Alda, Sascha A1 - Cremers, Armin B. A1 - Bilek, Jochen T1 - Support of Collaborative Structural Design Processes through the Integration of Peer-to-Peer and Multiagent Architectures N2 - Structural engineering projects are increasingly organized in networked cooperations due to a permanently enlarged competition pressure and a high degree of complexity while performing the concurrent design activities. Software that intends to support such collaborative structural design processes implicates enormous requirements. In the course of our common research work, we analyzed the pros and cons of the application of both the peer-to-peer (University of Bonn) and multiagent architecture style (University of Bochum) within the field of collaborative structural design. In this paper, we join the benefits of both architecture styles in an integrated conceptual approach. We demonstrate the surplus value of the integrated multiagent–peer-to-peer approach by means of an example scenario in which several structural engineers are co-operatively designing the basic structural elements of an arched bridge, applying heterogeneous CAD systems. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Mehragentensystem Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1481 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fink, Thomas T1 - Structural analysis, design and detailing using standard CAD software and standard building information model N2 - This paper describes the concept of a german commercial software package developed for the needs of structural engineers. Using a standard CAD software as user interface for all geometrical data and to save all important input data, there is a natural link to upcoming building information models. KW - Bauindustrie KW - CAD KW - Bauwerk KW - Modellierung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2702 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lehner, Karlheinz A1 - Hartmann, Dietrich T1 - Scenarios for the deployment of distributed engineering applications N2 - Although there are some good reasons to design engineering software as a stand-alone application for a single computer, there are also numerous possibilities for creating distributed engineering applications, in particular using the Internet. This paper presents some typical scenarios how engineering applications can benefit from including network capabilities. Also, some examples of Internet-based engineering applications are discussed to show how the concepts presented can be implemented. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Internet Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1476 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiviniemi, Arto A1 - Fischer, Martin T1 - Requirements Management Interface to Building Product Models N2 - In current AEC practice client requirements are typically recorded in a building program, which, depending on the building type, covers various aspects from the overall goals, activities and spatial needs to very detailed material and condition requirements. This documentation is used as the starting point of the design process, but as the design progresses, it is usually left aside and changes are made incrementally based on the previous design solution. These incremental small changes can lead to a solution that may no longer meet the original requirements. In addition, design is by nature an iterative process and the proposed solutions often also cause evolution in the client requirements. However, the requirements documentation is usually not updated accordingly. Finding the latest updates and evolution of the requirements from the documentation is very difficult, if not impossible. This process can lead to an end result, which is significantly different from the documented requirements. Some important requirements may not be satisfied, and even if the design process was based on agreed-upon changes in the scope and requirements, differences in the requirements documents and in the completed building can lead to well-justified doubts about the quality of the design and construction process... KW - Produktmodell KW - Simulation KW - Bautechnik KW - Bauwerk KW - Modellierung Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-2427 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mundani, Ralf-Peter A1 - Bungartz, Hans-Joachim T1 - Octrees for Cooperative Work in a Network-Based Environment N2 - Assuring global consistency in a cooperative working environment is the main focus of many nowaday research projects in the field of civil engineering and others. In this paper, a new approach based on octrees will be discussed. It will be shown that by the usage of octrees not only the management and control of processes in a network-based working environment can be optimised but also an efficient integration platform for processes from various disciplines – such as architecture and civil engineering – can be provided. By means of an octree-based collision detection resp. consistency assurance a client-server-architecture will be described as well as sophisticated information services for a further support of cooperative work. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Oktalbaum Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1460 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schlegel, Roger T1 - Numerische Berechnung von Mauerwerkstrukturen in homogenen und diskreten Modellierungsstrategien T1 - Numerical computation of masonry structures using homogenious and discrete modelling strategies N2 - Im Zentrum der Arbeit stehen die Entwicklung, Verifikation, Implementierung und Leistungsfähigkeit numerischer Berechnungsmodelle für Mauerwerk im Rahmen der Kontinuums- und Diskontinuumsmechanik. Makromodelle beschreiben das Mauerwerk als verschmiertes Ersatzkontinuum. Mikromodelle berücksichtigen durch die Modellierung der einzelnen Steine und Fugen die Struktur des Mauerwerkverbandes. Soll darüber hinaus der durch die Querdehnungsinteraktion zwischen Stein und Mörtel hervorgerufene heterogene Spannungszustand im Mauerwerk abgebildet werden, so ist ein detailliertes Mikromodell, welches Steine und Fugen in ihren exakten geometrischen Dimensionen berücksichtigt, erforderlich. Demgegenüber steht die vereinfachte Mikromodellierung, bei der die Fugen mit Hilfe von Kontaktalgorithmen beschrieben werden. Im Rahmen der Makromodellierung werden neue räumliche Materialmodelle für verschiedene ein- und mehrschalige Mauerwerkarten hergeleitet. Die vorgestellten Modelle berücksichtigen die Anisotropie der Steifigkeiten, der Festigkeiten sowie des Ver- und Entfestigungsverhaltens. Die numerische Implementation erfolgt mit Hilfe moderner elastoplastischer Algorithmen im Rahmen der impliziten Finite Element Methode in das Programm ANSYS. Innerhalb der detaillierten Mikromodellierung wird ein neues, aus Materialbeschreibungen für Stein, Mörtel sowie deren Verbund bestehendes nichtlineares Berechnungsmodell entwickelt und in das Programm ANSYS implementiert. Die diskontinuumsmechanische Beschreibung von Mauerwerk im Rahmen der vereinfachten Mikromodellierung erfolgt unter Verwendung der expliziten Distinkt Element Methode mit Hilfe der Programme UDEC und 3DEC. An praktischen Beispielen werden Probleme der Tragfähigkeitsbewertung gemauerter Bogenbrücken, Möglichkeiten zur Bewertung vorhandener Rissbildungen und Schädigungen an historischen Mauerwerkstrukturen und Traglastberechnungen an gemauerten Stützen ausgewertet und analysiert. N2 - This dissertation presents the development, verification, implementation and efficiency of numerical models for masonry using continuum mechanics and discontinuum mechanics. For macro modelling three-dimensional elasto-plastic continuum models for regular and irregular, single- and multi-leaf masonry types is developed. The constitutive model is based on the multisurface plasticity theory and includes anisotropic elastic and inelastic behaviour, depending on the orientation of the masonry joints. The yield domain, its hardening law and softening law are defined according to experimental results. On this basis, it is possible to simulate masonry-specific failure and damage mechanisms. For consistent numeric implementation, modern elasto-plastic algorithms were used, including the Return Mapping procedure for local iteration at the integration point level, as well as consistent tangent operators and the Newton-Raphson method. The models were implemented into the implicit Finite-Element code ANSYS. For the detailed micro modelling strategy, a new computational model consist of material models for mortar, stone and bond is developed. For the simplified micro modelling strategy, the explicit distinct element method is used to describe the masonry assembly as a discontinuum. The verification analyses show good concordance between experimental and numerical results for different masonry types. The efficiency of the computation models is finally demonstrated, using sample calculations of large masonry structures. KW - Mauerwerk KW - Numerisches Verfahren KW - Kontinuumsmechanik KW - Modellierung KW - Makrosimulation KW - Mikrosimulation KW - Diskontinuumsmechanik KW - masonry KW - numerical modelling KW - continuum mechanic KW - discontinuum mechanic Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20041213-2369 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - van Rooyen, G.C. A1 - Olivier, A. H. T1 - Notes on structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory N2 - The worldwide growth of communication networks and associated technologies provide the basic infrastructure for new ways of executing the engineering process. Collaboration amongst team members seperated in time and location is of particular importance. Two broad themes can be recognized in research pertaining to distributed collaboration. One theme focusses on the technical and technological aspects of distributed work, while the other emphasises human aspects thereof. The case of finite element structural analysis in a distributed collaboratory is examined in this paper. An approach is taken which has its roots in human aspects of the structural analysis task. Based on experience of how structural engineers currently approach and execute this task while utilising standard software designed for use on local workstations only, criteria are stated for a software architechture that could support collaborative structural analysis. Aspects of a pilot application and the results of qualitative performance measurements are discussed. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1451 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Meißner, Udo F. A1 - Rueppel, Uwe A1 - Theiss, Mirko T1 - Network-Based Fire Engineering Supported by Agents N2 - Building design in Civil Engineering is characterized by the cooperation of experts in multiple disciplines. Close cooperation of engineers in different fields is the basis of high product quality, short development periods and a minimum of investment costs. For each building the engineers have to create a new fire engineering model. The consistent realization of the fire engineering model in all details has high demands on communication, collaboration and building models. Thereby, to preserve the related design models consistent to each other and compatible with the rules of fire engineering is a complex task. In addition, regulations and guidelines vary according to the building location, so the knowledge base must be integrated dynamically into the planning process. This contribution covers the integration of engineers and design models into a cooperation network on the basis of mobile agents. The distributed models of architectural design, structural planning and fire engineering are supported. These models are implemented as XML-based models which can be accessed by mobile agents for information retrieval and for processing tasks. Agents are provided to all planners, they are enabled to check up the distributed design models with the knowledge base of the fire protection regulations,. With the use of such an agent each planner is supported to check up his planning for accordance with the fire protection requirements. The fire-engineering-agent analyzes the design and detects inconsistencies by processing fire protection requirements and design model facts in a rule-based expert system. The possibility to check the planning information at an early state in the sense of compatibility to the fire protection regulations enables a comprehensive diagnosis of the design and the reduction of planning errors. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Brandschutz KW - Mehragentensystem Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1447 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schley, Frank A1 - Mejstrik, Marcus A1 - Holz, K.-Peter T1 - Network Based Co-operation Platform for Geotechnical Engineering N2 - This paper describes an approach to support co-operation of experts in heterogeneous geotechnical engineering project environments during both regular execution and handling of exceptional situations. A co-operation platform is introduced which is based on a generalized information model mapping key information about the construction project, the construction process as well as the organization structure. Several tools are provided to operate the information model in a network based environment. KW - Ingenieurbau KW - Verteiltes System KW - Planungsprozess KW - Modellierung KW - Geotechnik Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20111215-1431 ER -