TY - THES A1 - Chen, Na T1 - A Balance between Ideals and Reality — Establishing and Evaluating a Resilient City Indicator System for Central Chinese Cities N2 - Recent years have seen a gradual shift in focus of international policies from a national and regional perspective to that of cities, a shift which is closely related to the rapid urbanization of developing countries. As revealed in the 2011 Revision of the World Urbanization Prospects published by the United Nations, 51% of the global population (approximately 3.6 billion people) lives in cities. The report predicts that by 2050, the world’s urban population will increase by 2.3 billion, making up 68% of the population. The growth of urbanization in the next few decades is expected to primarily come from developing countries, one third of which will be in China and India. With rapid urbanization and the ongoing growth of mega cities, cities must become increasingly resilient and intelligent to cope with numerous challenges and crises like droughts and floods arising from extreme climate, destruction brought by severe natural disasters, and aggregated social contradictions resulting from economic crises. All cities face the urban development dynamics and uncertainties arising from these problems. Under such circumstances, cities are considered the critical path from crisis to prosperity, so scholars and organizations have proposed the construction of “resilient cities.” On the one hand, this theory emphasizes cities’ defenses and buffering capacity against disasters, crises and uncertainties, as well as recovery after destruction; on the other hand, it highlights the learning capacity of urban systems, identification of opportunities amid challenges, and maintenance of development vitality. Some scholars even believe that urban resilience is a powerful supplement to sustainable development. Hence, resilience assessment has become the latest and most important perspective for evaluating the development and crisis defense capacity of cities. Rather than a general abstract concept, urban resilience is a comprehensive measurement of a city’s level of development. The dynamic development of problems is reflected through quantitative indicators and appraisal systems not only from the perspective of academic research, but also governmental policy, so as to scientifically guide development, and measure and compare cities’ development levels. Although international scholars have proposed quantitative methods for urban resilience assessment, they are however insufficiently systematic and regionally adaptive for China’s current urban development needs. On the basis of comparative study on European and North American resilient city theories, therefore, this paper puts forwards a theoretical framework for resilient city systems consistent with China’s national conditions in light of economic development pressure, natural resource depletion, pollution, and other salient development crises in China. The key factors influencing urban resilience are taken into full consideration; expert appraisal is conducted based on the Delphi Method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to design an extensible and updatable resilient city evaluation system which is sufficiently systematic, geographically adaptable, and sustainable for China’s current urban development needs. Finally, Changsha is taken as the main case for empirical study on comprehensive evaluation of similar cities in Central China to improve the indicator system. T2 - Ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Ideal und Realität - Etablierung und Evaluation eines Indikatorensystems für resiliente Städte in Zentralchina KW - Stadtplanung KW - resilient city KW - urban planning KW - Zentralchina Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20191121-40309 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lovsin, Polonca T1 - Between the Urban and the Rural : Back to the city N2 - Abstract This doctoral thesis defines the relationship between the urban and rural in the 21st century, and focuses on food as a key component. The fact that food is, for the most part, produced in the countryside and then transported to the city has a significant influence on this very unbalanced relationship today. The main goal was to show that it is necessary to bring agriculture, urban gardening, the breeding of domestic farm animals, and beekeeping back to the city, which would have a positive affect on both the city and the countryside. All of this is already taking place at the local level, within the neighbourhoods of our cities and through the work of self-organised activities and initiatives, which have been taken up by city residents themselves. One example of this is the community garden, a new model of gardening which offers fertile ground for growing vegetables and to test various forms of co-existence, different ways of designing spaces, the creation of alternative values, and a positive vision for the future of city residents. In 2010, I co-created the community urban garden Beyond a Construction Site, which is the central part of this artistic research. Throughout the entire four-year process of creating this community garden, theory and artistic practice were intertwined, and informed one another. This community garden is an example of a self-organised and self-managed community space located in a residential neighbourhood in the centre of the city of Ljubljana, and as such is a typical example of urbanism from the bottom up. I placed the creation and development of our community garden in a dialogue with the formal way of arranging urban gardening in Ljubljana, a top-down approach, which the city has been carrying out intensively since 2007. I compared the solutions being proposed by the city of Ljubljana for organising urban gardening with the way it is organised in other European cities, the UK, and the USA. I also researched the recent rapid growth of self-organised initiatives which are focused on the local production of food and seek to find more economic and ecologically friendly models to visibly influence the future of cities and the countryside. Here, community gardens play an important role, as in addition to the production of food they are also spaces for the criticism of existing urban policies, a self-organised revitalisation of neglected spaces, and places of resilience, because they differ from that which real estate agencies, large financial companies, and city authorities desire them to be. The community garden Beyond a Construction Site has become living proof that, through a group action, the residents of a neighbourhood can influence existing city policies and the future of both their own neighbourhood and that of the entire city. The initiators of this garden are artists and architects, and we began this community garden in the context of an art festival, which also shows that art can influence the processes of everyday life and help to create much needed spaces within cities to serve various purposes. Our community garden has also shown itself to be an important platform for the exchange of knowledge on organic gardening, ecology in everyday life, and critical architecture, as well as serving to connect related initiatives. Together with these other initiatives we are stronger, and are influencing structural changes within city politics, thereby also co-creating the future of Ljubljana. This community garden is helping us to redefine our relationship with the city and re-awaken the desires and actions of residents connected with realising their fundamental right, the right to the city. My other artworks, which I am presenting in the context of this doctoral thesis, show an optimistic vision for the future of cities. The video animations Back to the City (2011) and The Right Balance (2013), as well as the accompanying collages, visualise a city of the future where urban and rural practices live together side-by-side. This vision is being realised by city residents themselves, with their active participation in the creation of community gardens, growing their own vegetables, urban beekeeping, and by having egg-laying hens in their gardens. My desire was also to present the theoretical concept and scientific research to a non-academic public, and to people without specialised training. Using the method of storytelling I included knowledge from the research into the video animations and collages. In this way my artistic work, with an intentional playfulness, challenges today’s faith in science and theoretical concepts, as well as directing attention to working with common sense, with one’s own hands, and with the earth. This can contribute to a change in the still dominant anthropocentric view of nature, which is an urgently needed change for our future. Keywords: rural, urban agriculture, community gardens, urban beekeeping, the bottom-up approach to urban planning, alternative spaces KW - rural KW - urban agriculture KW - community gardens KW - urban beekeeping KW - the bottom-up approach to urban planning KW - alternative spaces KW - Gemeinschaftsgarten KW - Stadtplanung KW - Agrarprodukt Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20150610-24020 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bölling, Lars T1 - Das Bild der Zwischenstadt. Dekodierung und Inszenierung "räumlicher Identität" als Potenzial zur Qualifizierung der verstädterten Landschaft. T1 - The Image of the Zwischenstadt. Decoding and creating spatial identity as a way to improve the urbanised landscape. N2 - Die Arbeit „Das Bild der Zwischenstadt“ sucht nach Möglichkeiten zur Qualifizierung der verstädterten Landschaft, für die Thomas Sieverts den Begriff „Zwischenstadt“ geprägt hat. Die Auseinandersetzung mit „räumlicher Identität“ steht dabei im Mittelpunkt: In deren Dekodierung und Inszenierung wird ein Potenzial erkannt, die Aufenthalts- und Erlebnisqualität der Zwischenstadt zu verbessern. Der Betrachtungsraum der Arbeit zwischen Frankfurt am Main und seinen prosperierenden Umlandgemeinden eignet sich in besonderer Weise, die „Anatomie der Zwischenstadt“ zu dekodieren. Schicht für Schicht wird der Versuch unternommen, die eigene Sprache dieses Raumes zu entziffern. Dabei werden Methoden der Beschreibung und Darstellung entwickelt, die den spezifischen räumlichen Eigenschaft der Zwischenstadt gerecht zu werden suchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Auseinandersetzung lassen deutliche Transformationen in der Zwischenstadt erkennen und entheben sie aus ihrer vermeintlichen Eigenschaftslosigkeit. Orte mit Bedeutung, Zusammenhänge und Raumgeschichten werden lesbar, es zeigen sich Ansätze eigener Urbanität und Zentralität. Die Zwischenstadt hat sich von ihrer einseitigen Dependenz zur Kernstadt gelöst, tritt aber gleichzeitig in einen umfassenden Wandel, um sich geänderten Lebensformen und Bedürfnissen anzupassen. Ältere, den Raum prägende Einfamilienhausgebiete und Großsiedlungen, aber auch monofunktionale Gewerbegebiete und die typischen suburbanen Einkaufszentren erfüllen keineswegs mehr automatisch die Wohnwünsche und Anforderungen einer Dienstleistungs- und Freizeitgesellschaft. Die Arbeit greift die unverkennbare Transformation des Bildes der Zwischenstadt als Chance zur Qualifizierung dieses Raumes auf. Entwickelt werden Qualifizierungsmodelle, die der Tendenz zu Segregation und Abtrennung mit einer neuen Integrationskultur für die Zwischenstadt begegnen: Als prägender Lebensraum der Stadtregion muss die Zwischenstadt einen großen Teil der Bedürfnisse Ihrer Bewohner und Benutzer an den Raum befriedigen. Zunehmend sind diese Bedürfnisse nicht nur funktioneller Art, sondern werden überlagert von einem Bedürfnis nach Raumqualität, Verortung und Identifikationsmöglichkeiten. Für diese Bedürfnisse angemessene und auratische Raumbilder zu finden oder zu inszenieren, ist im Angesicht des Status Quo der Stadtlandschaft eine wichtige Herausforderung. N2 - In “The Image of the Zwischenstadt” (“Das Bild der Zwischenstadt”) possibilities are sought to qualify the urbanized landscape, for which Thomas Sieverts coined the term Zwischenstadt. Particular focus is placed on the examination of “spatial identity”. In its decryption and presentation a potential to improve the attractiveness of experience and quality of life in the Zwischenstadt is to be found. The area examined between the city of Frankfurt am Main and the prosperous communities surrounding it is particularly suited to decrypt the anatomy of the Zwischenstadt. Layer by layer the attempt is made to decipher the unique language of this space. At the same time, methods of description and presentation are being developed which are capable of doing justice to the specific spatial qualities of the Zwischenstadt. The results of this examination show that the Zwischenstadt has undergone significant changes and release it from its supposed facelessness. Rather, places with meaning, context and history emerge; the beginnings of an independent urbanity and centrality can be seen. The Zwischenstadt has been able to detach itself from its one-sided dependence on the central city, while at the same time undergoing a comprehensive transformation to cope with the changes in needs and ways of life. By no means do the older neighborhoods of single family homes and large residential estates which had characterized the area, or single-function industrial areas and typical suburban shopping centers, continue to automatically fulfill the housing requirements and desires of a leisure society in a service economy. The paper seizes the unmistakable transformation in the image of the Zwischenstadt as an opportunity to qualify this space. Qualification models are developed within it which confront the tendency for segregation and separation with a new culture of integration for the Zwischenstadt. As the formative living environment in the urban area, the Zwischenstadt must satisfy most of the needs its inhabitants and consumers have regarding the area. Increasingly, these needs are not only of a functional variety, but are being superimposed by a need for spatial quality, a sense of belonging and the ability to identify with the area. Given the status quo, finding and producing appropriate and auratic spatial defining elements remains an important challenge. KW - Architektur KW - Städtebau KW - Stadtplanung KW - Suburbanisierung KW - Zentrum-Peripherie-Modell KW - Stadtentwicklung KW - Vorstadt KW - Architekturgeschichtsschreibung KW - Zwischenstadt KW - Suburbia KW - Peripherie KW - Zersiedlung KW - Suburbia KW - Sprawl KW - Suburbanisation KW - urban landscape KW - townplanning Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20090122-14598 ER - TY - THES A1 - Doering, Chris T1 - Die Informationsarchitektur der kommunalen Energiewende N2 - Die kommunale Energiewende stellt die beteiligten Akteure vor große Herausforderungen: Auf Grundlage strukturierter Daten sollen Maßnahmen
 für eine nachhaltige Infrastruktur geplant und umgesetzt werden. Oft fehlt
 den Beteiligten jedoch das nötige Wissen über die lokalen Potentiale und Rahmenbedingungen—und an geeigneten Methoden der Informationsvermittlung. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Analyse der Planungsstrukturen und der Entwurf eines visuellen Informationssystems. Mit der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird gezeigt, wie mit Hilfe von Befragungen, partizipativen Visualisierungen, fiktionalen Szenarien und der systematischen Anwendung visueller Variablen eine fundierte Grundlage geschaffen werden kann für eine nutzerorientierte Gestaltung. N2 - The municipal energy transition confronts the actors involved with major challenges: Measures for a sustainable infrastructure should be planned and implemented on the basis of structured data. Often, however, the parties lack the necessary knowledge of the local potentials and conditions—and on suitable methods of presenting information. Subject of this work is the analysis of planning structures and the design of a visual information system. This study shows how surveys, participatory visualizations, fictional scenarios and the systematic use of visual variables can create a sound basis for user-centered design. KW - Design KW - Mediendesign KW - Semiotik KW - Stadtplanung KW - Energiewende KW - Visuelle Semiotik KW - Informationsdesign Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20191219-40514 ER - TY - THES A1 - Loos, Karina T1 - Die Inszenierung der Stadt : Planen und Bauen in Weimar in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus T1 - The Staging of the City : Planning and Building in Weimar in the time of National Socialism N2 - Die Stadt Weimar nimmt in der deutschen Geschichte und in deren Rezeption eine besondere Stellung ein. Sie steht als Metapher für verschiedene kulturhistorische Epochen. Seit der Jahrhundertwende avancierte sie zum komprimierten Spiegelbild deutscher Befindlichkeiten. Für die Nationalsozialisten stellte Weimar eine wesentliche Station für ihren Aufstieg von München nach Berlin, einen erfolgreichen "Kampf- und Experimentierort" dar. Doch auch von 1932-1945 konnten sie in der Stadt außerordentlich aktiv werden. Beispielhaft äußerte sich das in den zeitgenössischen Bauprojekten, in der zeitgenössischen Baupolitik. Die Dissertation behandelt die gesamte Spannbreite der baulichen und planerischen Aktivitäten in und um Weimar in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Sie thematisiert sowohl die repräsentativen Projekte, als auch die Baulichkeiten des Komplexes zum Konzentrationslager Weimar-Buchenwald, ebenso die Wohn- und Kulturbauten, die Kasernenarchitekturen, die Industrie-, Verkehrs- und Behelfsbauten sowie städtebauliche Planungen. Die Gebäude und Komplexe werden im kulturpolitischen Kontext betrachtet, planungs- und baugeschichtlich untersucht, umfassend architektonisch-gestalterisch und städtebaulich-gestalterisch analysiert, dokumentiert, in ihrer gegenseitigen Beeinflussung dargestellt, verglichen und gewertet. Gegebenenfalls werden Querbeziehungen zu anderen Objekten in Deutschland, außerdem zu zeitgleichen nichtbaulichen Ereignissen in Weimar bzw. Deutschland aufgezeigt. Ein Gesamtbild zur Bauplanung und zum Bauschaffen im Dritten Reich in einer Stadt, beispielhaft in der symbolbeladenen Stadt Weimar wird erstellt; ein Stück verdrängter Kulturgeschichte der Stadt Weimar wird rekonstruiert. N2 - The town of Weimar occupies a special position in German history and how it is regarded. It acts as a metaphor for different cultural and historical epochs. Since the turn of the century Weimar has advanced to a concentrated mirror-image of all things German. For the National Socialists Weimar represented a significant station in its ascent from Munich to Berlin, a successful place for "battle and experimentation". Between the years of 1932-45 they became extraordinarily active in the town, as reflected in the building projects and building policy of the time. The thesis examines the entire extent of building and planning activities in and around Weimar during the time of National Socialism. It discusses not only representative buildings but also the concentration camp complex Weimar-Buchenwald, as well as residential and cultural buildings, military barracks, industrial and temporary buildings, infrastructure and urban planning. The buildings and building complexes are regarded from within their political and cultural context, their planning and historical background examined, their architectonic and urban qualities analysed. Relative and reciprocal influences are demonstrated, compared and assessed, and parallels to other contemporary builtobjects and non-built historical events in Germany and Weimar revealed. KW - Weimar KW - Nationalsozialismus KW - Stadtplanung KW - Stadtentwicklung KW - Konzentrationslager KW - Wohnungsbau KW - Öffentliche Bauten KW - Kasernenenbauten KW - Industrie- und Verkehrsbauten KW - concentration camp KW - social housing KW - public building KW - barracks KW - industrial building Y1 - 2000 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040225-502 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rausch, Gabriel T1 - Dreidimensionale Webanwendungen zur Verräumlichung von Informationen N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Potential von Webanwendungen in 3D zur Vermittlung von Informationen im Allgemeinen und zur Darstellung von städtebaulichen Zusammenhängen im Speziellen. Als grundlegender Faktor der visuellen und funktionalen Qualität - welche die Wahrnehmung des Nutzers direkt beeinflusst -, erfolgt die Bewertung der Machbarkeit von 3D Webinhalten unter Anwendung einer explorativen, qualitativen Evaluierung von Webagenturen. Darauf aufbauend wird das Potential von 3D Webanwendungen aus Nutzerperspektive untersucht, um Zusammenhänge herstellen zu können: einerseits zwischen der Machbarkeit bei der Entwicklung und anderseits die Akzeptanzkriterien beim Rezipienten betreffend. Die empirische Studie, die mit dem Forschungspartner Bosch für diese Arbeit modelliert wurde, eruiert zum einen, inwiefern 3D im Vergleich zu 2D und 2,5D, und zum anderen WebGL im Vergleich zu bisherigen 3D Webtechnologien die visuelle Wahrnehmung und kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit des Nutzers beeinflusst. Die Erkenntnisse der Untersuchung zeigen Parallelen zu bestehenden Studien aus web-fernen Bereichen. Um die Bedeutung von 3D Webanwendungen zur Verbesserung von Entscheidungsprozessen in Stadtplanungsprojekten ableiten zu können, werden Aspekte zur Interaktion und visuellen Wahrnehmung in den speziellen Kontext von Stadtplanungswerkzeugen gebracht. Dabei wird überprüft, ob sich web-basierte 3D Visualisierungen sinnvoll zur Vermittlung städtebaulicher Zusammenhänge einbinden lassen und inwieweit bestehende Projekte, wie in dieser Arbeit beispielhaft das vom Fraunhofer IGD entwickelte Forschungsprojekt urbanAPI, die Technologie WebGL nutzen können. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll die Arbeit Akzeptanzkriterien und Nutzungsbarrieren von 3D Webanwendungen auf Basis der Technologie WebGL identifizieren, um einen Beitrag zur Machbarkeit von Webanwendungen und zur Entwicklung entsprechender Stadtplanungswerkzeuge zu leisten. KW - WEB KW - WebGL KW - 3D KW - Web KW - Application KW - Urban Planning Tool KW - Stadtplanung Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20161116-27029 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jordan, Anne T1 - Ein neues Stück Paris. Planungsdiskurse, Referenzen und die Formierung eines urbanen Images im städtebaulichen Großprojekt Paris Rive Gauche T1 - A new piece of Paris. Planning discourses, references and the formation of an urban image in the urban mega-project Paris Rive Gauche. N2 - Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den diskursiven Konstruktion urbaner Images in Großprojekten. Aufbauend auf einer soziologischen Definition der Begriffe „Raumbild“ und „Ortsbild“ wird am Beispiel des städtebaulichen Großprojekts Paris Rive Gauche untersucht, wie sich ortsspezifische Referenzen in einem Planungsprozess bilden, zu welchen Zwecken sie eingesetzt werden und wie mit Hilfe dieser Referenzen im Planungsprozess diskursiv ein Image für einen entstehenden Stadtteil konstruiert wird. N2 - The work presented here deals with discursive constructions of urban images in mega-projects. Based on a sociological definition of „images of space“ and „images of place“ the process of place-specific referencing is explored, the mega-project of Paris Rive Gauche delivering the empirical backdrop and framework. Questions such as „How do references function in planning processes“ and „How do references contribute to the discursive creation of an urban image?“ are discussed in order to find out how the image of a future urban district is shaped in planning processes. KW - Paris KW - Stadtplanung KW - Großprojekt KW - Image KW - Stadtbild KW - Paris KW - urban planning KW - mega-project KW - image KW - planning discourse Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20091105-14921 ER - TY - THES A1 - Brasil, Daniela T1 - EXPERIMENTING WITH THE URBAN EXPERIENCE: Rio, Lisbon and Weimar. A (re)search for creative collaborations and active exercises of citizenship N2 - This practice-based research examines platforms and encounters that have a participatory character as a strategy to create lived and shared experiences where new forms of appropriation of the city can emerge. The selected case studies propose and initiate certain urban experiences that induce changes in perception, the exchange of perspectives, and that denaturalize habits and patterns of behavior. I suggest that when these sensitive experiences become imprinted in body memory, they can empower citizens to have more active, creative, and/or critical attitudes towards their environments. Searching for new repertoires of everyday practices that contest commodification of both the body and the city, this thesis is oriented towards open-ended processes of constructing mentalities rather than those of planning changes on the material conditions of public space. It uses forms of academic investigation that merge intellectual debate and experimental practice, joining art, urbanism and social engaged practices in an extradisciplinary (Howes 2007) attitude towards the city. Based on the materials generated by the case studies (combining theoretical knowledge with artistic sensibility), the affective and corporeal involvement of researchers in the situations they analyze and co-create, is sustained in opposition to the traditional academic critical distance. N2 - Esta investigação de base prática examina encontros e plataformas de base participativa como uma estratégia para criar vivências partilhadas onde novas formas de apropriação urbana possam ocorrer. Os estudos de caso selecionados propõem e iniciam certas experiências urbanas que induzem mudanças perceptivas, o intercâmbio de perspectivas e a desnaturalização de hábitos e padrões de comportamento. O trabalho sugere que, quando estas experiências são impressas na memória corporal dos participantes, estes poderão ser capacitados a ter atitudes mais ativas, creativas e/ou críticas em relação ao meio onde vivem. Buscando novos repertórios de práticas quotidianas que contestem a mercantilização do corpo e da cidade, esta tese está orientada aos processos abertos de construção de mentalidades ao invés do planejamento de alterações nas condições materiais do espaço público. São usadas formas de investigação acadêmica que dilui as fronteiras entre o debate intelectual e a prática experimental, unindo arte, urbanismo e práticas sociais numa atitude extradisciplinar (Howes 2007) em relação à cidade. Baseado em materias gerados pelos estudos de caso (combinando conhecimento teórico e sensibilidade artística), esta tese sustenta o envolvimento afetivo e corpóreo dos investigadores em situações que eles analisam e co-produzem, opondo-se assim à tradicional distância crítica acadêmica. T2 - Mit dem urbanen Erlebnis experimentieren: Rio, Lissabon und Weimar. Eine Recherche kreativer Kollaboration und aktiver Bürgerbeteiligung KW - Erlebnis KW - Kunst KW - Öffentlicher Raum KW - Stadtplanung KW - Bürgerbeteiligung KW - kollektive Kreativität KW - Extradisziplinarität KW - Stadtforschung KW - art KW - urbanism KW - public space KW - lived-experiences KW - participation KW - collaboration KW - active citizenship KW - extradisciplinarity Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20110811-15525 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bielik, Martin T1 - FORM-ACTIVITY-MOVEMENT INTERACTION MODEL N2 - This dissertation investigates the interactions between urban form, allocation of activities, and pedestrian movement in the context of urban planning. The ability to assess the long-term impact of urban planning decisions on what people do and how they get there is of central importance, with various disciplines addressing this topic. This study focuses on approaches proposed by urban morphologists, urban economists, and transportation planners, each aiming the attention at a different part of the form-activity-movement interaction. Even though there is no doubt about the advantages of these highly focused approaches, it remains unclear what is the cost of ignoring the effect of some interactions while considering others. The general aim of this dissertation is to empirically test the validity of the individual models and quantify the impact of this isolationist approach on their precision and bias. For this purpose, we propose a joined form-activity-movement interaction model and conduct an empirical study in Weimar, Germany. We estimate how the urban form and activities affect movement as well as how movement and urban form affect activities. By estimating these effects in isolation and simultaneously, we assess the bias of the individual models. On the one hand, the empirical study results confirm the significance of all interactions suggested by the individual models. On the other hand, we were able to show that when these interactions are estimated in isolation, the resulting predictions are biased. To conclude, we do not question the knowledge brought by transportation planners, urban morphologists, and urban economists. However, we argue that it might be of little use on its own. We see the relevance of this study as being twofold. On the one hand, we proposed a novel methodological framework for the simultaneous estimation of the form-activity-movement interactions. On the other hand, we provide empirical evidence about the strengths and limitations of current approaches. KW - Stadtplanung Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210407-43970 ER - TY - THES A1 - Spangenberg, Jörg T1 - Nature in Megacities: São Paulo/Brazil - A Case Study N2 - Die vorliegende Studie analysiert Umweltdienstleistungen von städtischer Vegetation innerhalb der Stadtgrenzen einer Megacity durch maßstabsübergreifende Modellierung und versucht ihren Nutzen näherungsweise zu quantifizieren. Aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln werden die Vorteile (sowie die Herausforderungen) von in Städte eingebetteter Natur für die Bevölkerung aufgezeigt. Aus geographischer Sicht wird, hier am Fallbeispiel der Stadt São Paulo/ Brasilien, das Profil der Megastädte in den niedrigen (tropischen) Breiten betrachtet. Im allgemeinen wird die städtische Vegetation dort von Bevölkerung, Regierungen und ökonomischen Strukturen vernachlässigt. Sie ist zwar spärlich vorhanden, wird aber kaum bewusst wahrgenommen.Während der kurzen Geschichte rasanter Verstädterung, die von massiver Umweltzerstörung begleitet ist, wird Stadtgrün im Disput um den Raum in Städten wie São Paulo zum wahren Luxus. Nicht als Rückentwicklung, sondern als Fortschritt, wird gezeigt, daß ein Ideal durch die Verflechtung zwischen Natur und Stadt dargestellt würde. Die näherungsweise Quantifizierung der Variationen zwischen aktuellem Szenario und begrünten Szenarien zeigt die Notwendigkeit das städtische Biom als ein vom Menschen dominiertes Ökosystem neu zu überdenken. Die Nutzen von städtischer Vegetation sind facettenreich. Diese Arbeit detailliert Vegetation als Katalysator des klimatischen und ökologischen Gleichgewichtes. Des weiteren behandlt sie aktuelle Themen wie Klimawandel, Energieeffizienz und thermische Behaglichkeit, sowie die Reinigung der natürlichen Ressourcen Boden, Wasser und Luft. Insbesondere da derzeit keine effizienten technischen Lösungen existieren, um die Umweltleistungen der Vegetation zu ersetzten. Diese Nutzen tragen zur Lebensqualität und in kontrastreichen Megastädten insbesondere zu sozio-ökologischer Gerechtigkeit bei. Die Vegetation hat in Städten zwei wichtige Dimensionen. Die funktionale Seite bringt konkrete, meßbare Umweltnutzen. Aus symbolischer Sicht repräsentiert Vegetation Natur in Städten, sowie ursprüngliche Naturverbundenheit des Menschen. Zusammenfassend verteidigt die Studie die Wichtigkeit und Wertschätzung von Natur und die vereinigten Anstrengung für wirklich grüne Städte, u.a. weil diese Arbeit zeigt, dass finanzielle Investitionen in städtische Vegetation sich direkt auf die Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem und die Infrastruktur auswirken. Die Stadtregierung São Paulo investierte 2008 umgerechnet 122 Millionen Euro (einhundertzweiundzwanzig Millionen Euro) in Stadtgrün (und Umwelt), dass jährlich mindestens 665 Millionen Euro (Sechshunderfünfundsechzig Millionen Euro) einspart. D.h. mit anderen Worten, dass jeder Euro 1 der in Pflanzung und Pflege von Stadtgrün investiert wird, der Gesellschaft, und damit letzendlich den Einwohnern São Paulos, Ausgaben von mindestens 5 Euro für Gesundheit, den Bau von Regenwasserrückhaltebecken, Energie etc. einspart. N2 - The present study analysis the environmental benefits of urban vegetation within the municipal boundary of a megacity through multi scale integrated modelling to estimate its benefits approximately. The advantages (and challenges) that Nature, inserted into cities, offers to the population are observed from different viewpoints. As geographical reference the profile of megacities located in low (tropical) latitudes was observed, in a case study on the city of São Paulo/ Brazil. Commonly, urban vegetation is overlooked by local people, governments and economical structures. Although sparse vegetation exists, it is hardly recognized. Along the brief history of rapid urbanization which is accompanied by massive environmental degradation, urban green becomes, in the dispute for space, a true luxury in cities like São Paulo. Not as retrogression but as advance, it demonstrates that the integration between nature and city would be desirable. The approximated quantification of the variations which occur between actual scenario and greened scenarios shows the need to rethink the urban biome as a man-dominated ecosystem. The benefits of the urban vegetation are diverse. This work details plants as agents of climatic and ecosystem balance and performance. It also approaches current issues like climate change, energy efficiency and thermal comfort, as well as the purification of natural resources, through the treatment of water, soil and air. Especially because at present no efficient technical solutions exist, that could substitute the environmental services of the vegetation. These benefits contribute to quality of life and increase socio-environmental equity especially important in high-contrast megacities. The vegetation assumes two important roles in cities. The functional dimension brings concrete and measurable benefits to the environment. From a symbolic vision, vegetation represents Nature in cities, approximating humans to their origins. Conclusively the study defends the importance of the valorization of Nature and of the united efforts for literally green cities because it proves that financial investment in urban vegetation has direct effects on the costs destined to the areas of health and infrastructure. The City of São Paulo, invested in 2008 about US$ 180 million (one hundred and eighty million dollars) in urban green (and environment) which tends to save US$ 980 million (nine hundred and eighty million dollars) of expenses annually. In other words, for each US$ 1 invested in planting and maintenance of urban green, the society saves at least US$ 5 of expenses in health, construction of French drains, energy etc. T2 - Natur in Megacities: São Paulo/Brasilien - Eine Fallstudie KW - Stadtgrün KW - Klimaänderung KW - Energieeffizienz KW - Stadtklima KW - Luftreinigung KW - Regenrückhaltebecken KW - Sequestrierung KW - Wert KW - Stadtwald KW - Stadtplanung KW - Retroinnovation KW - Lebensqualität KW - Thermische Behaglichkeit KW - Klimaanlage KW - Retroinnovation KW - Quality of Life KW - Thermal Comfort KW - Air Conditioning Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20101104-15238 ER -