TY  - JOUR
A1  - Becher, Lia
A1  - Gena, Amayu Wakoya
A1  - Alsaad, Hayder
A1  - Richter, Bernhard
A1  - Spahn, Claudia
A1  - Völker, Conrad
T1  - The spread of breathing air from wind instruments and singers using schlieren techniques
JF  - Indoor Air
N2  - The spread of breathing air when playing wind instruments and singing was investigated and visualized using two methods: (1) schlieren imaging with a schlieren mirror and (2) background-oriented schlieren (BOS). These methods visualize airflow by visualizing density gradients in transparent media. The playing of professional woodwind and brass instrument players, as well as professional classical trained singers were investigated to estimate the spread distances of the breathing air. For a better comparison and consistent measurement series, a single high note, a single low note, and an extract of a musical piece were investigated. Additionally, anemometry was used to determine the velocity of the spreading breathing air and the extent to which it was quantifiable. The results showed that the ejected airflow from the examined instruments and singers did not exceed a spreading range of 1.2 m into the room. However, differences in the various instruments have to be considered to assess properly the spread of the breathing air. The findings discussed below help to estimate the risk of cross-infection for wind instrument players and singers and to develop efficacious safety precautions, which is essential during critical health periods such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.
KW  - Covid-19
KW  - Pandemie
KW  - Blasinstrument
KW  - Gesang
KW  - Schlierenmethode
KW  - airborne infection
KW  - background-oriented schlieren
KW  - schlieren imaging
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220209-45817
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ina.12869
VL  - 2021
IS  - volume 31, issue 6
SP  - 1798
EP  - 1814
PB  - Wiley Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  -