TY - THES A1 - Phung Thi, Thu Ha T1 - Metakaolin as an Additive in Composite Cement N2 - Metakaolin made from kaolin is used around the world but rarely in Vietnam where abundant deposits of kaolin is found. The first studies of producing metakaolin were conducted with high quality Vietnamese kaolins. The results showed the potential to produce metakaolin, and its effect has on strength development of mortars and concretes. However, utilisation of a low quality kaolin for producing Vietnamese metakaolin has not been studied so far. The objectives of this study were to produce a good quality metakaolin made from low quality Vietnamese kaolin and to facilitate the utilisation of Vietnamese metakaolin in composite cements. In order to reach such goals, the optimal thermal conversion of Vietnamese kaolin into metakaolin was carried out by many investigations, and as such the optimal conversion is found using the analysis results of DSC/TGA, XRD and CSI. During the calcination in a range of 500 – 800 oC lasting for 1 – 5 hours, the characterisation of calcinated kaolin was also monitored for mass loss, BET surface, PSD, density as well as the presence of the residual water. It is found to have a well correlation between residual water and BET surface. The pozzolanic activity of metakaolin was tested by various methods regarding to the saturated lime method, mCh and TGA-CaO method. The results of the study showed which method is the most suitable one to characterise the real activity of metakaolin and can reach the greatest agreement with concrete performance. Furthermore, the pozzolanic activity results tested using methods were also analysed and compared to each other with respect to the BET surface. The properties of Vietnam metakaolin was established using investigations on water demand, setting time, spread-flowability, and strength. It is concluded that depending on the intended use of composite cement and weather conditions of cure, each Vietnamese metakaolin can be used appropriately to produce (1) a composite cement with a low water demand (2) a high strength of composite cement (3) a composite cement that aims to reduce CO2 emissions and to improve economics of cement products (4) a high performance mortar. The durability of metakaolin mortar was tested to find the needed metakaolin content against ASR, sulfat and sulfuric acid attacks successfully. KW - metakaolin KW - composite cement KW - durability KW - cement Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20130705-19764 SN - 978-3-00-042655-1 PB - F. A. Finger-Institut für Baustoffkunde CY - Weimar ER - TY - THES A1 - Erfurt, Wolfgang T1 - Erfassung von Gefügeveränderungen in Beton durch Anwendung zerstörungsfreier Prüfverfahren zur Einschätzung der Dauerhaftigkeit T1 - The recording of changes in the microstructure of concrete by means of non-destructive procedures for the assessment of the durability N2 - Die Arbeit gliedert sich in drei Komplexe. Der erste Komplex umfaßt Voruntersuchungen zum Ultraschallmeßsystem hinsichtlich Sendefrequenzen, Ankoppeldruck und gerätespezifischen Verzögerungszeiten. Zur schrittweisen Entwicklung eines berührungslos arbeitenden Ultraschallverfahrens werden Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur laserinduzierten Anregung von Ultraschallwellen und zur berührungslosen Signalerfassung mittels Laservibrometer durchgeführt. Der zweite Komplex beinhaltet die Untersuchung von Gefügeschädigungen durch Frostangriff. Als Kennwert der inneren Schädigung wird die Änderung des dynamischen E-Moduls durch Anwendung von akustischen Meßverfahren (z.B. Dehnwellenresonanzverfahren) bestimmt. Der Erfassung und Visualisierung des Schädigungsgradienten wird besondere Bedeutung beigemessen. Der dritte Komplex umfaßt die Untersuchung der Gefügeentwicklung während der Hydratation von Normalbetonen zur Bestimmung der Erhärtungsdruckfestigkeit mit dem Ultraschallmeßsystem CONSONIC 60. Ausgewertet werden kontinuierliche und diskontinuierliche Impulslaufzeitmessungen unter Einbeziehung der Betonrezeptur. N2 - The paper consists of three parts. The first part reports on preliminary investigations into the ultrasonic measuring system with regard to transmission frequencies, coupling pressure and device-dependent time delays. For developing a non-contacting ultrasonic measuring procedure basic studies have been made into the laser-induced excitation of ultrasonic waves and the non-contacting signal recording by means of a laser vibrometer. The second part deals with the examination of damage to the microstructure caused by frost attack. The change in the dynamic modulus of elasticity which is determined by accoustic measuring procedures (e.g. dilatational wave resonance technique) is considered as parameter of the interior damage. Special importance is attached to the recording and graphic representation of the gradient of damage. The third part is concerned with the investigation of the development of the microstructure of normal concretes during hydration with a view to determining the compressive strength during hardening by means of the ultrasonic measuring system CONSONIC 60. Continuous and discontinuos impulse transit time measurements are evaluated, considering the concrete mix design. KW - Langzeitverhalten KW - Zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung KW - Ultraschallmesstechnik KW - Frostwiderstand KW - Ultraschall-Laserverfahren KW - Laservibrometer KW - Dehnwellenresonanz KW - Querdehnzahl KW - concrete KW - non-destructive test procedures KW - durability KW - frost resistance KW - ultrasonic laser technique Y1 - 2000 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040311-664 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dombrowski, Katja T1 - Einfluss von Gesteinskörnungen auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Beton T1 - Influence of Aggregates on The Durability of Concrete N2 - Die Untersuchungen zu Frost-Tau-Widerstand und Alkali-Zuschlag-Reaktionen an Gesteinen, Gesteinskörnungen sowie daraus hergestelltem Beton erfolgen jeweils mit und ohne Taumitteleinfluss. Neben Untersuchungen nach in Deutschland gebräuchlichen Normen und Richtlinien werden auch Prüfverfahren nach US-Standards und -Richtlinien einbezogen und kritisch analysiert, Modifikationsvorschläge unterbreitet sowie Klimawechsellagerungen und Auslagerungsversuche durchgeführt. Ziel war u.a. festzustellen, ob anhand von Prüfergebnissen an Gesteinskörnungen tatsächlich auf deren Dauerhaftigkeitsverhalten im Beton zu schließen ist. Im Ergebnis erwies sich der Washington Hydraulic Fracture Test als optimales Frostprüfverfahren. Eine Alkali-Carbontat-Reaktion kann theoretisch und praktisch ablaufen, war aber in Mörtel und Beton nicht nachweisbar. Mittels Klimawechsellagerung konnte die Prüfzeit für AKR-gefährdete Gesteine in Beton drastisch verkürzt werden. Zudem fördern alkalihaltige Taumittel eine AKR. N2 - The investigations regarding freeze-thaw-resistance and alkali-aggregate reactions on rock, aggregates as well as concrete made of these aggregates take place with and without de-icing agents. Besides investigations complying with normal standards and guide lines in Germany, US-Standards and guide lines were also used and critically analyzed, modifications proposed as well as alternating climate storage and field tests accomplished. The aim was e.g. to assess, if test results obtained on aggregates allow conclusions about their durability in concrete. As a result the Washington Hydraulic Fracture Test proved to be the optimal freeze-thaw testing method. An alkali-carbonate reaction can occur theoretically and practically, but could not be proven in mortar and concrete. By means of alternating climate storage the test duration for ASR-susceptible aggregates in concrete could be shortened drastically. Furthermore alkali-containing de-icing agents expedite ASR. KW - Betonzuschlag KW - Frostbeständigkeit KW - Enteisungsanlage KW - Prüftechnik KW - Gesteinskörnungen KW - Dauerhaftigkeit KW - Frost-Tau-Widerstand KW - Alkali-Carbonat-Reaktion KW - Klimawechsellagerung KW - aggregate KW - durability KW - freeze-thaw resistance KW - alkali-carbonate reaction KW - climate storage Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20040205-200 ER -