Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Verfasser/Autoren Herausgeber Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Erscheinungsjahr Seitenzahl Schriftenreihe Titel Schriftenreihe Bandzahl ISBN Quelle der Hochschulschrift Konferenzname Quelle:Titel Quelle:Jahrgang Quelle:Heftnummer Quelle:Erste Seite Quelle:Letzte Seite URN DOI Abteilungen OPUS4-4584 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Zhang, Yongzheng Nonlocal dynamic Kirchhoff plate formulation based on nonlocal operator method In this study, we propose a nonlocal operator method (NOM) for the dynamic analysis of (thin) Kirchhoff plates. The nonlocal Hessian operator is derived based on a second-order Taylor series expansion. The NOM does not require any shape functions and associated derivatives as 'classical' approaches such as FEM, drastically facilitating the implementation. Furthermore, NOM is higher order continuous, which is exploited for thin plate analysis that requires C1 continuity. The nonlocal dynamic governing formulation and operator energy functional for Kirchhoff plates are derived from a variational principle. The Verlet-velocity algorithm is used for the time discretization. After confirming the accuracy of the nonlocal Hessian operator, several numerical examples are simulated by the nonlocal dynamic Kirchhoff plate formulation. London Springer 35 Engineering with Computers 2022 1 35 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220209-45849 10.1007/s00366-021-01587-1 Institut für Strukturmechanik (ISM) OPUS4-2904 Konferenzveröffentlichung Zeiser, Andreas; Dahmen, W.; Rohwedder, T.; Schneider, R. Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten ADAPTIVE EIGENVALUE COMPUTATION FOR ELLIPTIC OPERATORS We present recent developments of adaptive wavelet solvers for elliptic eigenvalue problems. We describe the underlying abstract iteration scheme of the preconditioned perturbed iteration. We apply the iteration to a simple model problem in order to identify the main ideas which a numerical realization of the abstract scheme is based upon. This indicates how these concepts carry over to wavelet discretizations. Finally we present numerical results for the Poisson eigenvalue problem on an L-shaped domain. 14 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-29042 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2904 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2903 Konferenzveröffentlichung Wudtke, Idna; Werner, Frank Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten MODELLING OF MATERIAL PHENOMENA OF STEEL IN CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS IN CONTEXT OF WELDING The application of partly decoupled approach by means of continuum mechanics facilitates the calculation of structural responses due to welding. The numerical results demonstrate the ability of a qualitative prediction of welded connections. As it is intended to integrate the local effects of a joint in structural analysis of steel constructions, it is necessary to meet higher approaches towards quality. The wide array of material parameters are presented, which are affecting the thermal, metallurgical and mechanical behavior, and which have to be identified. For that purpose further investigations are necessary to analyze the sensitivity of the models towards different material properties. The experimental determination of every material parameter is not possible due to the extraordinary laborious efforts needed. Besides that, experimentally identified parameters can be applied only for the tested steel quality for measured temperature-time regimes. For that reason alternative approaches for identification of material parameters, such as optimization strategies, have to be applied. After a definition of material parameters a quantitative prediction of welded connections will also be possible. Numerical results show the effect of phase transformation, activated by welding process, on residual stress state. As these phenomena occur in local areas in the range of crystal and grain sizes, the description of microscopic phenomena and their propagation on a macroscopic level due to approaches of homogenization might be expedient. Nevertheless, one should bear in mind, the increasing number of material parameters as well as the complexity of their experimental determination. Thus the microscopic approach should always be investigated under the scope of ability and efficiency of a required prediction. Under certain circumstances a step backwards, adopting a phenomenological approach, also can be beneficial. 16 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-29032 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2903 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2791 Konferenzveröffentlichung Wudtke, Idna Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank CONSTITUTIVE MODELING OF CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS WITH TEXTURE CHARACTERISTICS The analysis of the response of complex structural systems requires the description of the material constitutive relations by means of an appropriate material model. The level of abstraction of such model may strongly affect the quality of the prognosis of the whole structure. In context to this fact, it is necessary to describe the material in a convenient sense as exact but as simple as possible. All material phenomena of crystalline materials e.g. steel, affecting the behavior of the structure, rely on physical effects which are interacting over spatial scales from subatomic to macroscopic range. Nevertheless, if the material is microscopically heterogenic, it might be appropriate to use phenomenological models for the purpose of civil engineering. Although constantly applied, these models are insufficient for steel materials with microscopic characteristics such as texture, typically occurring in hot rolled steel members or heat affected zones of welded joints. Hence, texture is manifested in crystalline materials as a regular crystallographic structure and crystallite orientation, influencing macroscopic material properties. The analysis of structural response of material with texture (e.g. rolled steel or heat affected zone of a welded joint) obliges the extension of the phenomenological material description of macroscopic scale by means of microscopic information. This paper introduces an enrichment approach for material models based on a hierarchical multiscale methodology. This has been done by describing the grain texture on a mesoscopic scale and coupling it with macroscopic constitutive relations by means of homogenization. Due to a variety of available homogenization methods, the question of an assessment of coupling quality arises. The applicability of the method and the effect of the coupling method on the reliability of the response are presented on an example. 9 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27910 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2791 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2902 Konferenzveröffentlichung Wolff, Sebastian Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten NODALLY INTEGRATED FINITE ELEMENTS Nodal integration of finite elements has been investigated recently. Compared with full integration it shows better convergence when applied to incompressible media, allows easier remeshing and highly reduces the number of material evaluation points thus improving efficiency. Furthermore, understanding it may help to create new integration schemes in meshless methods as well. The new integration technique requires a nodally averaged deformation gradient. For the tetrahedral element it is possible to formulate a nodal strain which passes the patch test. On the downside, it introduces non-physical low energy modes. Most of these "spurious modes" are local deformation maps of neighbouring elements. Present stabilization schemes rely on adding a stabilizing potential to the strain energy. The stabilization is discussed within this article. Its drawbacks are easily identified within numerical experiments: Nonlinear material laws are not well represented. Plastic strains may often be underestimated. Geometrically nonlinear stabilization greatly reduces computational efficiency. The article reinterpretes nodal integration in terms of imposing a nonconforming C0-continuous strain field on the structure. By doing so, the origins of the spurious modes are discussed and two methods are presented that solve this problem. First, a geometric constraint is formulated and solved using a mixed formulation of Hu-Washizu type. This assumption leads to a consistent representation of the strain energy while eliminating spurious modes. The solution is exact, but only of theoretical interest since it produces global support. Second, an integration scheme is presented that approximates the stabilization criterion. The latter leads to a highly efficient scheme. It can even be extended to other finite element types such as hexahedrals. Numerical efficiency, convergence behaviour and stability of the new method is validated using linear tetrahedral and hexahedral elements. 16 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-29028 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2902 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2826 Konferenzveröffentlichung Wiggenbrock, Jens; Smarsly, Kay Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom A GENERIC FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING IN ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS Modern distributed engineering applications are based on complex systems consisting of various subsystems that are connected through the Internet. Communication and collaboration within an entire system requires reliable and efficient data exchange between the subsystems. Middleware developed within the web evolution during the past years provides reliable and efficient data exchange for web applications, which can be adopted for solving the data exchange problems in distributed engineering applications. This paper presents a generic approach for reliable and efficient data exchange between engineering devices using existing middleware known from web applications. Different existing middleware is examined with respect to the suitability in engineering applications. In this paper, a suitable middleware is shown and a prototype implementation simulating distributed wind farm control is presented and validated using several performance measurements. 9 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28260 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2826 Professur Angewandte Mathematik OPUS4-2900 Konferenzveröffentlichung Vu, Anh Tuan; Werner, Frank Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten OPTIMIZATION OF STEEL STRUCTURES BASED ON DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGORITHM Steel structural design is an integral part of the building construction process. So far, various methods of design have been applied in practice to satisfy the design requirements. This paper attempts to acquire the Differential Evolution Algorithms in automatization of specific synthesis and rationalization of design process. The capacity of the Differential Evolution Algorithms to deal with continuous and/or discrete optimization of steel structures is also demonstrated. The goal of this study is to propose an optimal design of steel frame structures using built-up I-sections and/or a combination of standard hot-rolled profiles. All optimized steel frame structures in this paper generated optimization solutions better than the original solution designed by the manufacturer. Taking the criteria regarding the quality and efficiency of the practical design into consideration, the produced optimal design with the Differential Evolution Algorithms can completely replace conventional design because of its excellent performance. 11 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-29007 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2900 Professur Stahlbau OPUS4-2899 Konferenzveröffentlichung Vorechovský, Miroslav Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten SIMULATION OF SIMPLY CROSS CORRELATED RANDOM FIELDS BY SERIES EXPANSION METHODS A practical framework for generating cross correlated fields with a specified marginal distribution function, an autocorrelation function and cross correlation coefficients is presented in the paper. The contribution promotes a recent journal paper [1]. The approach relies on well known series expansion methods for simulation of a Gaussian random field. The proposed method requires all cross correlated fields over the domain to share an identical autocorrelation function and the cross correlation structure between each pair of simulated fields to be simply defined by a cross correlation coefficient. Such relations result in specific properties of eigenvectors of covariance matrices of discretized field over the domain. These properties are used to decompose the eigenproblem which must normally be solved in computing the series expansion into two smaller eigenproblems. Such decomposition represents a significant reduction of computational effort. Non-Gaussian components of a multivariate random field are proposed to be simulated via memoryless transformation of underlying Gaussian random fields for which the Nataf model is employed to modify the correlation structure. In this method, the autocorrelation structure of each field is fulfilled exactly while the cross correlation is only approximated. The associated errors can be computed before performing simulations and it is shown that the errors happen especially in the cross correlation between distant points and that they are negligibly small in practical situations. 13 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28995 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2899 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2795 Konferenzveröffentlichung Volkov, Andrey; Kirschke, Heiko; Chelyshkov, Pavel; Sedov, Artem; Lysenko, Denis Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom THE CRITERIA'S SET WITH INVARIANT DESIGN BUILDING ELEMENTS ON THE BASE OF THREE IMPUTATIONS: "CONVENIENCE", "SAFETY" AND "ENERGY-EFFICIENCY" The paper deals with the formalization of the criteria for constructing building management systems. We consider three criteria - "convenience", "safety" and "energyefficiency". For each objective proposed method of calculation. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27956 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2795 Professur Angewandte Mathematik OPUS4-2825 Konferenzveröffentlichung Vieira, Nelson Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom SOME RESULTS IN FRACTIONAL CLIFFORD ANALYSIS What is nowadays called (classic) Clifford analysis consists in the establishment of a function theory for functions belonging to the kernel of the Dirac operator. While such functions can very well describe problems of a particle with internal SU(2)-symmetries, higher order symmetries are beyond this theory. Although many modifications (such as Yang-Mills theory) were suggested over the years they could not address the principal problem, the need of a n-fold factorization of the d'Alembert operator. In this paper we present the basic tools of a fractional function theory in higher dimensions, for the transport operator (alpha = 1/2 ), by means of a fractional correspondence to the Weyl relations via fractional Riemann-Liouville derivatives. A Fischer decomposition, fractional Euler and Gamma operators, monogenic projection, and basic fractional homogeneous powers are constructed. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28256 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2825 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2824 Konferenzveröffentlichung Vasileva, Iuliia Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom THE PROBLEM OF PARTIAL REINFORCING AN INTERFACE CRACK EDGE BY A RIGID PATCH PLATE UNDER IN-PLANE AND ANTIPLANE LOADS The stress state of a piecewise-homogeneous elastic body, which has a semi-infinite crack along the interface, under in-plane and antiplane loads is considered. One of the crack edges is reinforced by a rigid patch plate on a finite interval adjacent to the crack tip. The crack edges are loaded with specified stresses. The body is stretched at infinity by specified stresses. External forces with a given principal vector and moment act on the patch plate. The problem reduces to a Riemann-Hilbert boundary-value matrix problem with a piecewise-constant coefficient for two complex potentials in the plane case and for one in the antiplane case. The complex potentials are found explicitly using a Gaussian hypergeometric function. The stress state of the body close to the ends of the patch plate, one of which is also simultaneously the crack tip, is investigated. Stress intensity factors near the singular points are determined. 5 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28242 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2824 Professur Angewandte Mathematik OPUS4-2898 Konferenzveröffentlichung Unger, Jörg F.; Könke, Carsten Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF MESOSCALE MODELS FROM MACROSCOPIC TESTS USING BAYESIAN NEURAL NETWORKS In this paper, a parameter identification procedure using Bayesian neural networks is proposed. Based on a training set of numerical simulations, where the material parameters are simulated in a predefined range using Latin Hypercube sampling, a Bayesian neural network, which has been extended to describe the noise of multiple outputs using a full covariance matrix, is trained to approximate the inverse relation from the experiment (displacements, forces etc.) to the material parameters. The method offers not only the possibility to determine the parameters itself, but also the accuracy of the estimate and the correlation between these parameters. As a result, a set of experiments can be designed to calibrate a numerical model. 5 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28984 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2898 Institut für Strukturmechanik (ISM) OPUS4-2869 Konferenzveröffentlichung Ubysz, Andrzej; Maj, Marek; Stachon, T.; Rogoza, Agnieszka Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN THE REINFORCED CONCRETE SUPPORT BEAM BRACKET EXPOSED TO DAMAGE The article presents analysis of stress distribution in the reinforced concrete support beam bracket which is a component of prefabricated reinforced concrete building. The building structure is spatial frame where dilatations were applied. The proper stiffness of its structure is provided by frames with stiff joints, monolithic lift shifts and staircases. The prefabricated slab floors are supported by beam shelves which are shaped as inverted letter 'T'. Beams are supported by the column brackets. In order to lower the storey height and fulfill the architectural demands at the same time, the designer lowered the height of beam at the support zone. The analyzed case refers to the bracket zone where the slant crack. on the support beam bracket was observed. It could appear as a result of overcrossing of allowable tension stresses in reinforced concrete, in the bracket zone. It should be noted that the construction solution applied, i.e. concurrent support of the "undercut" beam on the column bracket causes local concentration of stresses in the undercut zone where the strongest transverse forces and tangent stresses occur concurrently. Some additional rectangular stresses being a result of placing the slab floors on the lower part of beam shelves sum up with those described above. 11 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28693 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2869 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2897 Konferenzveröffentlichung Tomaz, Graça Maria Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten ON BLOCK MATRICES OF PASCAL TYPE IN CLIFFORD ANALYSIS Since the 90-ties the Pascal matrix, its generalizations and applications have been in the focus of a great amount of publications. As it is well known, the Pascal matrix, the symmetric Pascal matrix and other special matrices of Pascal type play an important role in many scientific areas, among them Numerical Analysis, Combinatorics, Number Theory, Probability, Image processing, Sinal processing, Electrical engineering, etc. We present a unified approach to matrix representations of special polynomials in several hypercomplex variables (new Bernoulli, Euler etc. polynomials), extending results of H. Malonek, G.Tomaz: Bernoulli polynomials and Pascal matrices in the context of Clifford Analysis, Discrete Appl. Math. 157(4)(2009) 838-847. The hypercomplex version of a new Pascal matrix with block structure, which resembles the ordinary one for polynomials of one variable will be discussed in detail. 8 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28979 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2897 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2821 Konferenzveröffentlichung Tan, Fengjie; Lahmer, Tom; Siddappa, Manju Gyaraganahalll Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom SECTION OPTIMIZATION AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF ARCH-TYPE DAMS INCLUDING COUPLED MECHANICAL-THERMAL AND HYDRAULIC FIELDS From the design experiences of arch dams in the past, it has significant practical value to carry out the shape optimization of arch dams, which can fully make use of material characteristics and reduce the cost of constructions. Suitable variables need to be chosen to formulate the objective function, e.g. to minimize the total volume of the arch dam. Additionally a series of constraints are derived and a reasonable and convenient penalty function has been formed, which can easily enforce the characteristics of constraints and optimal design. For the optimization method, a Genetic Algorithm is adopted to perform a global search. Simultaneously, ANSYS is used to do the mechanical analysis under the coupling of thermal and hydraulic loads. One of the constraints of the newly designed dam is to fulfill requirements on the structural safety. Therefore, a reliability analysis is applied to offer a good decision supporting for matters concerning predictions of both safety and service life of the arch dam. By this, the key factors which would influence the stability and safety of arch dam significantly can be acquired, and supply a good way to take preventive measures to prolong ate the service life of an arch dam and enhances the safety of structure. 8 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28212 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2821 Institut für Strukturmechanik (ISM) OPUS4-2896 Konferenzveröffentlichung Szolomicki, Jerzy Pawel Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF MASONRY VAULTS This paper deals with the modelling and the analysis of masonry vaults. Numerical FEM analyses are performed using LUSAS code. Two vault typologies are analysed (barrel and cross-ribbed vaults) parametrically varying geometrical proportions and constraints. The proposed model and the developed numerical procedure are implemented in a computer analysis. Numerical applications are developed to assess the model effectiveness and the efficiency of the numerical procedure. The main object of the present paper is the development of a computational procedure which allows to define 3D structural behaviour of masonry vaults. For each investigated example, the homogenized limit analysis approach has been employed to predict ultimate load and failure mechanisms. Finally, both a mesh dependence study and a sensitivity analysis are reported. Sensitivity analysis is conducted varying in a wide range mortar tensile strength and mortar friction angle with the aim of investigating the influence of the mechanical properties of joints on collapse load and failure mechanisms. The proposed computer model is validated by a comparison with experimental results available in the literature. 11 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28966 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2896 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2788 Konferenzveröffentlichung Suzuki, Osamu; Lawrynowicz, Julian; Nouno, Kiyoharu; Nagayama, Daiki Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank BINARY AND TERNARY CLIFFORD ANALYSIS ON NONION ALGEBRA AND SU(3) A concept of non-commutative Galois extension is introduced and binary and ternary extensions are chosen. Non-commutative Galois extensions of Nonion algebra and su(3) are constructed. Then ternary and binary Clifford analysis are introduced for non-commutative Galois extensions and the corresponding Dirac operators are associated. 12 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27880 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2788 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2895 Konferenzveröffentlichung Suzuki, Osamu Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten RECENT RESULTS ON ITERATION DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS OF DISCRETE LAPLACIANS ON THE PLANE LATTICE The recent development on the mathematical theory and the computer simulations of iteration dynamical system of discrete Laplacian on the plane lattice is reviewed and the future problem is discussed. 13 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28954 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2895 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2787 Konferenzveröffentlichung Stutz, Henning; Wuttke, Frank Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank EVALUATION OF SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION MODELS USING DIFFERENT MODEL-ROBUSTNESS APPROACHES The aim of this study is to show an application of model robustness measures for soilstructure interaction (henceforth written as SSI) models. Model robustness defines a measure for the ability of a model to provide useful model answers for input parameters which typically have a wide range in geotechnical engineering. The calculation of SSI is a major problem in geotechnical engineering. Several different models exist for the estimation of SSI. These can be separated into analytical, semi-analytical and numerical methods. This paper focuses on the numerical models of SSI specific macro-element type models and more advanced finite element method models using contact description as continuum or interface elements. A brief description of the models used is given in the paper. Following this description, the applied SSI problem is introduced. The observed event is a static loaded shallow foundation with an inclined load. The different partial models to consider the SSI effects are assessed using different robustness measures during numerical application. The paper shows the investigation of the capability to use these measures for the assessment of the model quality of SSI partial models. A variance based robustness and a mathematical robustness approaches are applied. These different robustness measures are used in a framework which allows also the investigation of computational time consuming models. Finally the result shows that the concept of using robustness approaches combined with other model-quality indicators (e.g. model sensitivity or model reliability) can lead to unique model-quality assessment for SSI models. 15 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27878 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2787 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2820 Konferenzveröffentlichung Stokmaier, Markus; Class, A.G.; Schulenberg, T.; Lahey Jr., R.T Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom OPTIMISING ACOUSTIC RESONATORS FOR SONOFUSION EXPERIMENTS WITH EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS The sizing of simple resonators like guitar strings or laser mirrors is directly connected to the wavelength and represents no complex optimisation problem. This is not the case with liquid-filled acoustic resonators of non-trivial geometries, where several masses and stiffnesses of the structure and the fluid have to fit together. This creates a scenario of many competing and interacting resonances varying in relative strength and frequency when design parameters change. Hence, the resonator design involves a parameter-tuning problem with many local optima. As its solution evolutionary algorithms (EA) coupled to a forced-harmonic FE simulation are presented. A new hybrid EA is proposed and compared to two state-of-theart EAs based on selected test problems. The motivating background is the search for better resonators suitable for sonofusion experiments where extreme states of matter are sought in collapsing cavitation bubbles. 8 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28202 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2820 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2894 Konferenzveröffentlichung Stein, Peter Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten NURBS-BASED ELEMENTS AS A BASIS FOR INTEGRATING ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS Building information modeling offers a huge potential for increasing the productivity and quality of construction planning processes. Despite its promising concept, this approach has not found widespread use. One of the reasons is the insufficient coupling of the structural models with the general building model. Instead, structural engineers usually set up a structural model that is independent from the building model and consists of mechanical models of reduced dimension. An automatic model generation, which would be valuable in case of model revisions is therefore not possible. This can be overcome by a volumetric formulation of the problem. A recent approach employed the p-version of the finite element method to this problem. This method, in conjunction with a volumetric formulation is suited to simulate the structural behaviour of both „thick" solid bodies and thin-walled structures. However, there remains a notable discretization error in the numerical models. This paper therefore proposes a new approach for overcoming this situation. It sugggests the combination of the Isogeometric analysis together with the volumetric models in order to integrate the structural design into the digital, building model-centered planning process and reduce the discretization error. The concept of the isogeometric analysis consists, roughly, in the application of NURBS functions to represent the geometry and the shape functions of the elements. These functions possess some beneficial properties regarding numerical simulation. Their use, however, leads to some intricacies related to the setup of the stiffness matrix. This paper describes some of these properties. 11 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28944 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2894 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2893 Konferenzveröffentlichung Stack, Paul; Manzoor, Farhan; Menzel, Karsten; Cahill, Brian Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten A SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE FOR BUILDING PERFORMANCE MONITORING Information technology plays a key role in the everyday operation of buildings and campuses. Many proprietary technologies and methodologies can assist in effective Building Performance Monitoring (BPM) and efficient managing of building resources. The integration of related tools like energy simulator packages, facility, energy and building management systems, and enterprise resource planning systems is of benefit to BPM. However, the complexity to integrating such domain specific systems prevents their common usage. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been deployed successfully in many large multinational companies to create integrated and flexible software systems, but so far this methodology has not been applied broadly to the field of BPM. This paper envisions that SOA provides an effective integration framework for BPM. Service oriented architecture for the ITOBO framework for sustainable and optimised building operation is proposed and an implementation for a building performance monitoring system is introduced. 18 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28935 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2893 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2892 Konferenzveröffentlichung Soucek, Vladimir Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten ON MASSLESS FIELD EQUATION IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS The paper is devoted to a study of properties of homogeneous solutions of massless field equation in higher dimensions. We first treat the case of dimension 4. Here we use the two-component spinor language (developed for purposes of general relativity). We describe how are massless field operators related to a higher spin analogues of the de Rham sequence - the so called Bernstein-Gel'fand-Gel'fand (BGG) complexes - and how are they related to the twisted Dirac operators. Then we study similar question in higher (even) dimensions. Here we have to use more tools from representation theory of the orthogonal group. We recall the definition of massless field equations in higher dimensions and relations to higher dimensional conformal BGG complexes. Then we discuss properties of homogeneous solutions of massless field equation. Using some recent techniques for decomposition of tensor products of irreducible $Spin(m)$-modules, we are able to add some new results on a structure of the spaces of homogenous solutions of massless field equations. In particular, we show that the kernel of the massless field equation in a given homogeneity contains at least on specific irreducible submodule. 13 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28925 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2892 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2901 Konferenzveröffentlichung Smith, Andrew Paul; Garloff, Jürgen; Werkle, Horst Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten VERIFIED SOLUTION OF FINITE ELEMENT MODELS WITH UNCERTAIN NODE LOCATIONS We consider a structural truss problem where all of the physical model parameters are uncertain: not just the material values and applied loads, but also the positions of the nodes are assumed to be inexact but bounded and are represented by intervals. Such uncertainty may typically arise from imprecision during the process of manufacturing or construction, or round-off errors. In this case the application of the finite element method results in a system of linear equations with numerous interval parameters which cannot be solved conventionally. Applying a suitable variable substitution, an iteration method for the solution of a parametric system of linear equations is firstly employed to obtain initial bounds on the node displacements. Thereafter, an interval tightening (pruning) technique is applied, firstly on the element forces and secondly on the node displacements, in order to obtain tight guaranteed enclosures for the interval solutions for the forces and displacements. 15 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-29010 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2901 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2823 Konferenzveröffentlichung Smarsly, Kay; Tauscher, Eike Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom IFC-BASED MONITORING INFORMATION MODELING FOR DATA MANAGEMENT IN STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING This conceptual paper discusses opportunities and challenges towards the digital representation of structural health monitoring systems using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. State-of-the-art sensor nodes, collecting structural and environmental data from civil infrastructure systems, are capable of processing and analyzing the data sets directly on-board the nodes. Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on sensor nodes that possess so called "on-chip intelligence" is, in this study, referred to as "intelligent SHM", and the infrastructure system being equipped with an intelligent SHM system is referred to as "intelligent infrastructure". Although intelligent SHM will continue to grow, it is not possible, on a well-defined formalism, to digitally represent information about sensors, about the overall SHM system, and about the monitoring strategies being implemented ("monitoring-related information"). Based on a review of available SHM regulations and guidelines as well as existing sensor models and sensor modeling languages, this conceptual paper investigates how to digitally represent monitoring-related information in a semantic model. With the Industry Foundation Classes, there exists an open standard for the digital representation of building information; however, it is not possible to represent monitoring-related information using the IFC object model. This paper proposes a conceptual approach for extending the current IFC object model in order to include monitoring-related information. Taking civil infrastructure systems as an illustrative example, it becomes possible to adequately represent, process, and exchange monitoring-related information throughout the whole life cycle of civil infrastructure systems, which is referred to as monitoring information modeling (MIM). However, since this paper is conceptual, additional research efforts are required to further investigate, implement, and validate the proposed concepts and methods. 7 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28237 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2823 Professur Informatik im Bauwesen OPUS4-2891 Konferenzveröffentlichung Smarsly, Kay; Hartmann, Dietrich Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten REAL-TIME MONITORING OF WIND CONVERTERS BASED ON SOFTWARE AGENTS Due to increasing numbers of wind energy converters, the accurate assessment of the lifespan of their structural parts and the entire converter system is becoming more and more paramount. Lifespan-oriented design, inspections and remedial maintenance are challenging because of their complex dynamic behavior. Wind energy converters are subjected to stochastic turbulent wind loading causing corresponding stochastic structural response and vibrations associated with an extreme number of stress cycles (up to 109 according to the rotation of the blades). Currently, wind energy converters are constructed for a service life of about 20 years. However, this estimation is more or less made by rule of thumb and not backed by profound scientific analyses or accurate simulations. By contrast, modern structural health monitoring systems allow an improved identification of deteriorations and, thereupon, to drastically advance the lifespan assessment of wind energy converters. In particular, monitoring systems based on artificial intelligence techniques represent a promising approach towards cost-efficient and reliable real-time monitoring. Therefore, an innovative real-time structural health monitoring concept based on software agents is introduced in this contribution. For a short time, this concept is also turned into a real-world monitoring system developed in a DFG joint research project in the authors' institute at the Ruhr-University Bochum. In this paper, primarily the agent-based development, implementation and application of the monitoring system is addressed, focusing on the real-time monitoring tasks in the deserved detail. 11 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28916 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2891 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2786 Konferenzveröffentlichung Simsek, Yilmaz Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank ON INTERPOLATION FUNCTION OF THE BERNSTEIN POLYNOMIALS The Bernstein polynomials are used for important applications in many branches of Mathematics and the other sciences, for instance, approximation theory, probability theory, statistic theory, num- ber theory, the solution of the di¤erential equations, numerical analysis, constructing Bezier curves, q-calculus, operator theory and applications in computer graphics. The Bernstein polynomials are used to construct Bezier curves. Bezier was an engineer with the Renault car company and set out in the early 1960's to develop a curve formulation which would lend itself to shape design. Engineers may …nd it most understandable to think of Bezier curves in terms of the center of mass of a set of point masses. Therefore, in this paper, we study on generating functions and functional equations for these polynomials. By applying these functions, we investigate interpolation function and many properties of these polynomials. 8 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27867 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2786 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2890 Konferenzveröffentlichung Sikiwat, Tanongsak; Breidt, Michael; Hartmann, Dietrich Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten COMPUTATIONAL STEERING FOR COLLAPSE SIMULATION OF LARGE SCALE COMPLEX STRUCTURES In order to model and simulate collapses of large scale complex structures, a user-friendly and high performance software system is essential. Because a large number of simulation experiments have to be performed, therefore, next to an appropriate simulation model and high performance computing, efficient interactive control and visualization capabilities of model parameters and simulation results are crucial. To this respect, this contribution is concerned with advancements of the software system CADCE (Computer Aided Demolition using Controlled Explosives) that is extended under particular consideration of computational steering concepts. Thereby, focus is placed on problems and solutions for the collapse simulation of real world large scale complex structures. The simulation model applied is based on a multilevel approach embedding finite element models on a local as well as a near field length scale, and multibody models on a global scale. Within the global level simulation, relevant effects of the local and the near field scale, such as fracture and failure processes of the reinforced concrete parts, are approximated by means of tailor-made multibody subsystems. These subsystems employ force elements representing nonlinear material characteristics in terms of force/displacement relationships that, in advance, are determined by finite element analysis. In particular, enhancements concerning the efficiency of the multibody model and improvements of the user interaction are presented that are crucial for the capability of the computational steering. Some scenarios of collapse simulations of real world large scale structures demonstrate the implementation of the above mentioned approaches within the computational steering. 9 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28908 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2890 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2889 Konferenzveröffentlichung Siekierski, Wojciech Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten CRITICAL STRESS ASSESSMENT IN ANGLE TO GUSSET PLATE BOLTED CONNECTION BY SIMPLIFIED FEM MODELLING Simplified modelling of friction grip bolted connections of steel member - to - gusset plate is often applied in engineering practise. The paper deals with the simplification of pre-tensioned bolt model and simplification of load transfer within connection. Influence on normal strain (and thus stress) distribution at critical cross-section is investigated. Laboratory testing of single-angle or double-angle members - to - gusset plates bolted connections were taken as basis for numerical analysis. FE models were created using 1D and 2D elements. Angles and gusset plates were modelled with shell elements. Two methods of modelling of friction grip bolting were considered: bolt-regarding approach with 1D element systems modelling bolts and two variants of bolt-disregarding approach with special constraints over some part of member and gusset plate surfaces in contact: a) constraints over whole area of contact, b) constraints over the area around each bolt shank ("partially tied"). Modelling of friction grip bolted connections using simplified bolt modelling may be effective, especially in the case of analysis concerning elastic range only. In such a case disregarding bolts and replacing them with "partially tied" modelling seems to be more attractive. It is less time-consuming and provides results of similar accuracy in comparison to analysis utilizing simplified bolt modelling. 8 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28897 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2889 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2888 Konferenzveröffentlichung Sharmak, Wael; Scherer, Raimar J. Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten ADAPTABLE PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANS USING CHANGE TEMPLATES-BASED APPROACH The uncertainty existing in the construction industry is bigger than in other industries. Consequently, most construction projects do not go totally as planned. The project management plan needs therefore to be adapted repeatedly within the project lifecycle to suit the actual project conditions. Generally, the risks of change in the project management plan are difficult to be identified in advance, especially if these risks are caused by unexpected events such as human errors or changes in the client preferences. The knowledge acquired from different resources is essential to identify the probable deviations as well as to find proper solutions to the faced change risks. Hence, it is necessary to have a knowledge base that contains known solutions for the common exceptional cases that may cause changes in each construction domain. The ongoing research work presented in this paper uses the process modeling technique of Event-driven Process Chains to describe different patterns of structure changes in the schedule networks. This results in several so called "change templates". Under each template different types of change risk/ response pairs can be categorized and stored in a knowledge base. This knowledge base is described as an ontology model populated with reference construction process data. The implementation of the developed approach can be seen as an iterative scheduling cycle that will be repeated within the project lifecycle as new change risks surface. This can help to check the availability of ready solutions in the knowledge base for the situation at hand. Moreover, if the solution is adopted, CPSP, "Change Project Schedule Plan „a prototype developed for the purpose of this research work, will be used to make the needed structure changes of the schedule network automatically based on the change template. What-If scenarios can be implemented using the CPSP prototype in the planning phase to study the effect of specific situations without endangering the success of the project objectives. Hence, better designed and more maintainable project schedules can be achieved. 14 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28886 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2888 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2887 Konferenzveröffentlichung Schrader, Kai; Könke, Carsten Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten SPARSE APPROXIMATE COMPUTATION OF SADDLE POINT PROBLEMS ARISING FROM FETI-DP DISCRETIZATION The numerical simulation of microstructure models in 3D requires, due to enormous d.o.f., significant resources of memory as well as parallel computational power. Compared to homogeneous materials, the material hetrogeneity on microscale induced by different material phases demand for adequate computational methods for discretization and solution process of the resulting highly nonlinear problem. To enable an efficient/scalable solution process of the linearized equation systems the heterogeneous FE problem will be described by a FETI-DP (Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting - Dual Primal) discretization. The fundamental FETI-DP equation can be solved by a number of different approaches. In our approach the FETI-DP problem will be reformulated as Saddle Point system, by eliminating the primal and Lagrangian variables. For the reduced Saddle Point system, only defined by interior and dual variables, special Uzawa algorithms can be adapted for iteratively solving the FETI-DP saddle-point equation system (FETI-DP SPE). A conjugate gradient version of the Uzawa algorithm will be shown as well as some numerical tests regarding to FETI-DP discretization of small examples using the presented solution technique. Furthermore the inversion of the interior-dual Schur complement operator can be approximated using different techniques building an adequate preconditioning matrix and therewith leading to substantial gains in computing time efficiency. 12 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28874 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2887 Institut für Strukturmechanik (ISM) OPUS4-2886 Konferenzveröffentlichung Schneider, David Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten QUALITY OPTIMIZATION USING LOCALLY REFINED META MODELS Quality is one of the most important properties of a product. Providing the optimal quality can reduce costs for rework, scrap, recall or even legal actions while satisfying customers demand for reliability. The aim is to achieve ``built-in'' quality within product development process (PDP). The common approach therefore is the robust design optimization (RDO). It uses stochastic values as constraint and/or objective to obtain a robust and reliable optimal design. In classical approaches the effort required for stochastic analysis multiplies with the complexity of the optimization algorithm. The suggested approach shows that it is possible to reduce this effort enormously by using previously obtained data. Therefore the support point set of an underlying metamodel is filled iteratively during ongoing optimization in regions of interest if this is necessary. In a simple example, it will be shown that this is possible without significant loss of accuracy. 17 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28864 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2886 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2785 Konferenzveröffentlichung Schmeikal, Bernd Anton Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank BAUHAUS ISOMETRY AND FIELDS While integration increases by networking, segregation strides ahead too. Most of us fixate our mind on special topics. Yet we are relying on our intuition too. We are sometimes waiting for the inflow of new ideas or valuable information that we hold in high esteem, although we are not entirely conscious of its origin. We may even say the most precious intuitions are rooting in deep subconscious, collective layers of the mind. Take as a simple example the emergence of orientation in paleolithic events and its relation to the dihedral symmetry of the compass. Consider also the extension of this algebraic matter into the operational structures of the mind on the one hand and into the algebra of geometry, Clifford algebra as we use to call it today, on the other. Culture and mind, and even the individual act of creation may be connected with transient events that are subconscious and inaccessible to cognition in principle. Other events causative for our work may be merely invisible too us, though in principle they should turn out attainable. In this case we are just ignorant of the whole creative process. Sometimes we begin to use unusual tools or turn into handicraft enthusiasts. Then our small institutes turn into workshops and factories. All this is indeed joining with the Bauhaus and its spirit. We shall go together into this, and we shall present a record of this session. 9 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27859 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2785 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2784 Konferenzveröffentlichung Scheiber, Frank Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank ROBUSTNESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING - INFLUENCES OF THE STRUCTURAL MODEL ON THE EVALUATION OF THE STRUCTURAL ROBUSTNESS The topic of structural robustness is covered extensively in current literature in structural engineering. A few evaluation methods already exist. Since these methods are based on different evaluation approaches, the comparison is difficult. But all the approaches have one in common, they need a structural model which represents the structure to be evaluated. As the structural model is the basis of the robustness evaluation, there is the question if the quality of the chosen structural model is influencing the estimation of the structural robustness index. This paper shows what robustness in structural engineering means and gives an overview of existing assessment methods. One is the reliability based robustness index, which uses the reliability indices of a intact and a damaged structure. The second one is the risk based robustness index, which estimates the structural robustness by the usage of direct and indirect risk. The paper describes how these approaches for the evaluation of structural robustness works and which parameters will be used. Since both approaches needs a structural model for the estimation of the structural behavior and the probability of failure, it is necessary to think about the quality of the chosen structural model. Nevertheless, the chosen model has to represent the structure, the input factors and reflect the damages which occur. On the example of two different model qualities, it will be shown, that the model choice is really influencing the quality of the robustness index. 13 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27845 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2784 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2885 Konferenzveröffentlichung Sampaio, Alcinia Zita; Ferreira, Miguel M.; Rosário, Daniel P. Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten BUILDING FACILITIES MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ON VIRTUAL INTERACTIVE MODEL: THE LIGHTING COMPONENT The main aim of the research project in progress is to develop virtual models as tools to support decision-making in the planning of construction maintenance. The virtual models gives the capacity to allow them to transmit, visually and interactively, information related to the physical behaviour of materials, components of given infrastructures, defined as a function of the time variable. The interactive application allows decisions to be made on conception options in the definition of plans for maintenance, conservation or rehabilitation. The first virtual prototype that is now in progress concerns just lamps. It allows the examination of the physical model, visualizing, for each element modelled in 3D and linked to a database, the corresponding technical information concerned with the wear and tear aspects of the material, calculated for that period of time. In addition, the analysis of solutions for repair work or substitution and inherent cost are predicted, the results being obtained interactively and visualized in the virtual environment itself. The aim is that the virtual model should be able to be applied directly over the 3D models of new constructions, in situations of rehabilitation. The practical usage of these models is directed, then, towards supporting decision-making in the conception phase and the planning of maintenance. In further work other components will be analysed and incorporated into the virtual system. 12 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28858 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2885 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2884 Konferenzveröffentlichung Rüppel, Uwe; Abolghasemzadeh, Puyan Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten BIM-BASED IMMERSIVE EVACUATION SIMULATIONS The changed global security situation in the last eight years has shown the importance of emergency management plans in public buildings. Therefore, the use of computer simulators for surveying fire safety design and evacuation process is increasing. The aim of these simulators is to have more realistic evacuation simulations. The challenge is, firstly, to realize the virtual simulation environment based on geometrical and material boundary conditions, secondly, to considerate the mutual interaction effects between different parameters and, finally, to have a realistic visualization of the simulated results. In order to carry out this task, an especial new software method on a BIM-platform has to be developed which can integrate all required simulations and will be able to have an immersive output BIM ISEE (Immersive Safety Engineering Environment). The new BIM-ISEE will integrate the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for fire and evacuation simulation in the Autodesk Revit which is a BIM-platform and will represent the simulation results in the immersive virtual environment at the institute (CES-Lab). With BIM-ISEE the fire safety engineer will be able to obtain more realistic visualizations in the immersive environment, to modify his concept more effectively, to evaluate the simulation results more accurately and to visualize the various simulation results. It can also give the rescue staff the opportunity to perform and evaluate emergency evacuation trainings. 9 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28845 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2884 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2883 Konferenzveröffentlichung Rogoza, Agnieszka; Ubysz, Andrzej Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CRACKED REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS We present the way of calculation of displacement in the bent reinforced concrete bar elements where rearrangement of internal forces and plastic hinge occurred. The described solution is based on prof. Borcz's mathematical model. It directly takes into consideration the effects connected with the occurrence of plastic hinge, such as for example a crack, by means of a differential equation of axis of the bent reinforced concrete beam. The EN Eurocode 2 makes it possible to consider the influence of plastic hinge on the values of the reinforced concrete structures. This influence can also be assumed using other analytical methods. However, the results obtained by the application of Eurocode 2 are higher from those received in testing. Just comparably big error level occurs when calculations are made by means of Borcz's method, but in the latter case, the results depend on the assumptions made beforehand. This method makes it possible to apply the experimental results using parameters r1 i r0. When the experimental results are taken into account, one could observe the compatibility between the calculations and actual deflections of the structure. 8 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28835 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2883 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2818 Konferenzveröffentlichung Rodrigues, M. Manuela Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE LAGUERRE TRANSFORM The Laguerre polynomials appear naturally in many branches of pure and applied mathematics and mathematical physics. Debnath introduced the Laguerre transform and derived some of its properties. He also discussed the applications in study of heat conduction and to the oscillations of a very long and heavy chain with variable tension. An explicit boundedness for some class of Laguerre integral transforms will be present. 5 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28186 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2818 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2817 Konferenzveröffentlichung Rodehorst, Volker Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom EVALUATION OF THE METRIC TRIFOCAL TENSOR FOR RELATIVE THREE-VIEW ORIENTATION In photogrammetry and computer vision the trifocal tensor is used to describe the geometric relation between projections of points in three views. In this paper we analyze the stability and accuracy of the metric trifocal tensor for calibrated cameras. Since a minimal parameterization of the metric trifocal tensor is challenging, the additional constraints of the interior orientation are applied to the well-known projective 6-point and 7-point algorithms for three images. The experimental results show that the linear 7-point algorithm fails for some noise-free degenerated cases, whereas the minimal 6-point algorithm seems to be competitive even with realistic noise. 7 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28178 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2817 Professur Computer Vision in Engineering OPUS4-2852 Konferenzveröffentlichung Richter, Matthias; Ilzig, Katrin; Rudnicki, Andrzej Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten MODELS FOR THE BUS HEADWAY DISTRIBUTION IN THE FLOW BEHIND A TRAFFIC SIGNAL Several results concerning the distribution of the headway of busses in the flow behind a traffic signal are presented. In the main focus of interest is the description of analytical models, which are verified by the results of Monte-Carlo-Methods. The advantage of analytical models (verified, but not derived by simulation methods) is their flexibility with respect to possible generalizations. For instance, several random distributions of the flow incoming to the traffic signal can be compared. The attention will be directed at the question, how the primary headway H (analyzed in front of the traffic signal) is mapped to the headway H' analyzed behind of the traffic signal and how the random distribution of H is mapped to that of H'. For the traffic flow in front of the traffic signal several models will be discussed. The first case considers the situation, that busses operate on a common lane with the individual motor car traffic and the traffic flow is saturated. In the second situation, busses operate on a separated bus lane. Moreover, a mixed situation is discussed to model as close to reality as possible. 17 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28521 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2852 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2882 Konferenzveröffentlichung Reuter, Markus Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten EVALUATION OF THE ANALYSIS METHOD FOR THE DESIGN OF FRAME STRUCTURES By the use of numerical methods and the rapid development of computer technology in the recent years, a large variety, complexity, refinement and capability of partial models have been achieved. This can be noticed in the evaluation of the reliability of structures, e.g. the increased use of spatial structural systems. For the different fields of civil engineering, well developed partial models already exist. Because these partial models are most often used separately, the general view is not entirely illustrated. Until now, there has been no common methodology for evaluating the efficiency of models; the trust in the prediction of a special engineering model has generally relied on the engineer's experience. In this paper the basics of evaluation of simple models and coupled partial models of frame structures will be discussed using sustainable numerical methods. Furthermore, quality classes (levels) of design tasks will be defined based on their practical relevance. In addition, analysis methods will be systemized. After analysis of different published assessment methods, it may be noted, that the Efficiency Indicator Method (EWM) is most suitable for the observed evaluation problem. Therefore, the EWM was modified to the Model Efficiency Analysis (MEA) for the purpose of a holistic evaluation. The criteria are characterized by two groups, benefit and expenditure, and it is possible by calculating the quotient (benefit/expenditure) to make a statement about the efficiency of the observed models. Presently, the expenditure value is not a subject of investigation, and so the model efficiency is calculated only by the benefit value. This paper also contains the associated criteria catalog, different normalization methods, as well as weighting possibilities. 14 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28823 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2882 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2881 Konferenzveröffentlichung Raue, Erich; Timmler, Hans-Georg; Schröter, Hendrik Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF SHELLS OF REVOLUTION USING MATHEMATICAL OPTIMISATION In the paper presented, reinforced concrete shells of revolution are analyzed in both meridional and circumferential directions. Taking into account the physical non-linearity of the material, the internal forces and the deflections of the shell as well as the strain distribution at the cross-sections are calculated. The behavior of concrete under compression is described by linear and non-linear stress-strain relations. The description of the behavior of concrete under tension must account for tension stiffening effects. A tri-linear function is used to formulate the material law of reinforcement. The problem cannot be solved analytically due to the physical non-linearity. Thus a numerical solution is formulated by means of the LAGRANGE Principle of the minimum of the total potential energy. The kinematically admissible field of deformation is defined by the displacements u in the meridional and w in the radial direction. These displacements must satisfy the equations of compatibility and the kinematical boundary conditions of the shell. The strains are linearly distributed across the wall thickness. The strain energy depends on the specific of the material behavior. Using integral formulations of the material law [1], the strain energy of each part of the cross-section is defined as a function of the strains at the boundaries of the cross-sections. The shell is discretised in the meridional direction. Various methods of numerical differentiation and numerical integration are applied in order to determine the deformations and the strain energy. The unknown displacements u and w are calculated by a non-restricted extremum problem based on the minimum of the total potential energy. From mathematical point of view, the objective function is a convex function, thus the minimum can be determined without difficulty. The advantage of this formulation is that unlike non-linear methods with path-following algorithms the calculation does not have to account for changing stiffness and load increments. All iterations necessary to find the solution are integrated into the "Solver". The model presented provides many ways of investigating the influence of various material parameters on the stresses and deformations of the entire shell structure. 12 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28818 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2881 Institut für Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau (IKI) OPUS4-2880 Konferenzveröffentlichung Raue, Erich Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE CROSS-SECTIONS WITH PRE-DEFORMATIONS An energy method based on the LAGRANGE Principle of the minimum of total potential en-ergy is presented to calculate the stresses and strains of composite cross-sections. The stress-strain relation of each partition of the cross-section can be an arbitrary piecewise continuous function. The strain energy is transformed into a line integral by GAUSS's integral theorem. The total strain of each partition of the cross-section is split into load-dependent strain and pre-strain. Pre-strains have to be taken into account when the cross-section is pre-stressed, retrofit-ted or influenced by shrinkage, temperature etc. The unconstrained minimum problem can be solved for each load combination using standard software. The application of the method presented in the paper is demonstrated by means of examples. 9 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28804 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2880 Institut für Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau (IKI) OPUS4-2879 Konferenzveröffentlichung Randrianarivony, Maharavo Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten ON THE GENERATION OF HIERARCHICAL MESHES FOR MULTILEVEL FEM AND BEM SOLVERS FROM CAD DATA As numerical techniques for solving PDE or integral equations become more sophisticated, treatments of the generation of the geometric inputs should also follow that numerical advancement. This document describes the preparation of CAD data so that they can later be applied to hierarchical BEM or FEM solvers. For the BEM case, the geometric data are described by surfaces which we want to decompose into several curved foursided patches. We show the treatment of untrimmed and trimmed surfaces. In particular, we provide prevention of smooth corners which are bad for diffeomorphism. Additionally, we consider the problem of characterizing whether a Coons map is a diffeomorphism from the unit square onto a planar domain delineated by four given curves. We aim primarily at having not only theoretically correct conditions but also practically efficient methods. As for FEM geometric preparation, we need to decompose a 3D solid into a set of curved tetrahedra. First, we describe some method of decomposition without adding too many Steiner points (additional points not belonging to the initial boundary nodes of the boundary surface). Then, we provide a methodology for efficiently checking whether a tetrahedral transfinite interpolation is regular. That is done by a combination of degree reduction technique and subdivision. Along with the method description, we report also on some interesting practical results from real CAD data. 20 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28795 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2879 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2878 Konferenzveröffentlichung Nikulla, Susanne Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten INFLUENCE OF THE ABSTRACTION LEVEL IN KINEMATICAL MODELS OF FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATIONS Nonlinear analyses are characterised by approximations of the fundamental equations in different quality. Starting with a general description of nonlinear finite element formulation the fundamental equations are derived for plane truss elements. Special emphasis is placed on the determination of internal and external system energy as well as influence of different quality approaches for the displacement-strain relationship on solution quality. To simplify the solution procedure the nonlinear function describing the kinematics is expanded into a Taylor series and truncated after the n-th series term. The different kinematics influence speed of convergence as well as exactness of solution. On a simple truss structure this influence is shown. To assess the quality of different formulations concerning the nonlinear kinematic equation three approaches are discussed. First the overall internal and external energy is compared for different kinematical models. In a second step the energy content related to single terms describing displacement-strain relationship is investigated and used for quality control following two different paths. Based on single ε-terms an adaptive scheme is used to change the kinematical model depending on increasing nonlinearity of the structure. The solution quality has turned out satisfactory compared to the exact result. More detailed investigations are necessary to find criteria for the threshold values for the iterative process as well as for decision on number and step size of incremental load steps. 9 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28780 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2878 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2816 Konferenzveröffentlichung Nguyen-Tuan, Long; Lahmer, Tom; Datcheva, Maria; Stoimenova, Eugenia; Schanz, Tom Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION APPLYING IN COMPLEX THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL PROBLEMS LIKE THE DESIGN OF BUFFER ELEMENTS This study contributes to the identification of coupled THM constitutive model parameters via back analysis against information-rich experiments. A sampling based back analysis approach is proposed comprising both the model parameter identification and the assessment of the reliability of identified model parameters. The results obtained in the context of buffer elements indicate that sensitive parameter estimates generally obey the normal distribution. According to the sensitivity of the parameters and the probability distribution of the samples we can provide confidence intervals for the estimated parameters and thus allow a qualitative estimation on the identified parameters which are in future work used as inputs for prognosis computations of buffer elements. These elements play e.g. an important role in the design of nuclear waste repositories. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28162 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2816 Institut für Strukturmechanik (ISM) OPUS4-2876 Konferenzveröffentlichung Nguyen-Tuan, Long; Datcheva, Maria; Schanz, Tom Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND INVERSE ANALYSIS OF THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SAND-BENTONITE MIXTURE Sand-bentonite mixtures are well recognized as buffer and sealing material in nuclear waste repository constructions. The behaviour of compacted sand-bentonite mixture needs to be well understood in order to guarantee the safety and the efficiency of the barrier construction. This paper presents numerical simulations of swelling test and coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) test on compacted sand-bentonite mixture in order to reveal the influence of the temperature and hydraulic gradients on the distribution of temperature, mechanical stress and water content in such materials. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the parameters which influence the most the response of the numerical model. Results of back analysis of the model parameters are reported and critically assessed. 18 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28767 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2876 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2877 Konferenzveröffentlichung Nguyen-Thanh, Nhon; Rabczuk, Timon Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten A SMOOTHED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE STATIC AND FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF SHELLS A four-node quadrilateral shell element with smoothed membrane-bending based on Mindlin-Reissner theory is proposed. The element is a combination of a plate bending and membrane element. It is based on mixed interpolation where the bending and membrane stiffness matrices are calculated on the boundaries of the smoothing cells while the shear terms are approximated by independent interpolation functions in natural coordinates. The proposed element is robust, computationally inexpensive and free of locking. Since the integration is done on the element boundaries for the bending and membrane terms, the element is more accurate than the MITC4 element for distorted meshes. This will be demonstrated for several numerical examples. 24 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28777 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2877 Institut für Strukturmechanik (ISM) OPUS4-2783 Konferenzveröffentlichung Nguyen, Manh Hung; Gürlebeck, Klaus Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank ON M-CONFORMAL MAPPINGS AND GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES Monogenic functions play a role in quaternion analysis similarly to that of holomorphic functions in complex analysis. A holomorphic function with nonvanishing complex derivative is a conformal mapping. It is well-known that in Rn+1, n ≥ 2 the set of conformal mappings is restricted to the set of Möbius transformations only and that the Möbius transformations are not monogenic. The paper deals with a locally geometric mapping property of a subset of monogenic functions with nonvanishing hypercomplex derivatives (named M-conformal mappings). It is proved that M-conformal mappings orthogonal to all monogenic constants admit a certain change of solid angles and vice versa, that change can characterize such mappings. In addition, we determine planes in which those mappings behave like conformal mappings in the complex plane. 7 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27833 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2783 Institut für Bauinformatik, Mathematik und Bauphysik (IBMB) OPUS4-2782 Konferenzveröffentlichung Nechytailo, Oleksandr; Horokhov, Yevgen; Kushchenko, Vladimir Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank ANALYSIS OF THE MODE OF DEFORMATION OF THE SUB-PULLEY STRUCTURES ON SHAFT SLOPING HEADGEAR STRUCTURES A numerical analysis of the mode of deformation of the main load-bearing components of a typical frame sloping shaft headgear was performed. The analysis was done by a design model consisting of plane and solid finite elements, which were modeled in the program «LIRA». Due to the numerical results, the regularities of local stress distribution under a guide pulley bearing were revealed and parameters of a plane stress under both emergency and normal working loads were determined. In the numerical simulation, the guidelines to improve the construction of the joints of guide pulleys resting on sub-pulley frame-type structures were established. Overall, the results obtained are the basis for improving the engineering procedures of designing steel structures of shaft sloping headgear. 16 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27826 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2782 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2875 Konferenzveröffentlichung Nasser, Mourad Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten SEISMIC RESPONSE OF R/C FRAMES CONSIDERING DYNAMIC SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION In spite of the extensive research in dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI), there still exist miscon-ceptions concerning the role of SSI in the seismic performance of structures, especially the ones founded on soft soil. This is due to the fact that current analytical SSI models that are used to evaluate the influence of soil on the overall structural behavior are approximate models and may involve creeds and practices that are not always precise. This is especially true in the codified approaches which in-clude substantial approximations to provide simple frameworks for the design. As the direct numerical analysis requires a high computational effort, performing an analysis considering SSI is computationally uneconomical for regular design applications. This paper outlines the set up some milestones for evaluating SSI models. This will be achieved by investigating the different assumptions and involved factors, as well as varying the configurations of R/C moment-resisting frame structures supported by single footings which are subject to seismic excita-tions. It is noted that the scope of this paper is to highlight, rather than fully resolve, the above subject. A rough draft of the proposed approach is presented in this paper, whereas a thorough illustration will be carried out throughout the presentation in the course of the conference. 17 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28759 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2875 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2815 Konferenzveröffentlichung Nasir, A.R.; Bargstädt, Hans-Joachim Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom AMELIORATING EMPLOYABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION THROUGH BIM INNOVATION Low-skilled labor makes a significant part of the construction sector, performing daily production tasks that do not require specific technical knowledge or confirmed skills. Today, construction market demands increasing skill levels. Many jobs that were once considered to be undertaken by low or un-skilled labor, now demand some kind of formal skills. The jobs that require low skilled labor are continually decreasing due to technological advancement and globalization. Jobs that previously required little or no training now require skilful people to perform the tasks appropriately. The study aims at ameliorating employability of less skilled manpower by finding ways to instruct them for performing constructions tasks. A review of exiting task instruction methodologies in construction and the underlying gaps within them warrants an appropriate way to train and instruct low skilled workers for the tasks in construction. The idea is to ensure the required quality of construction with technological and didactic aids seeming particularly purposeful to prepare potential workers for the tasks in construction without exposing them to existing communication barriers. A BIM based technology is considered promising along with the integration of visual directives/animations to elaborate the construction tasks scheduled to be carried on site. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28157 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2815 Institut für Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau (IKI) OPUS4-2789 Konferenzveröffentlichung Musial, Michal; Ubysz, Andrzej; Ulatowski, Piotr Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank MODEL DESCRIBING STATIC AND DYNAMIC DISPLACEMENTS OF SILOS WALL DURING THE FLOW OF LOOSE MATERIAL Correct evaluation of wall displacements is a key matter when designing silos. This issue is important from both the standpoint of design engineer (load-bearing capacity of structures) and end-consumer (durability of structures). Commonplace methods of silo design mainly focus on satisfying limit states of load-bearing capacity. Current standards fail to specify methods of dynamic displacements analysis. Measurements of stressacting on silo walls prove that the actual stress is sum of static and dynamic stresses. Janssen came up with differential equation describing state of static equilibrium in cross-section of a silo. By solving the equation static stress of granular solid on silo walls can be determined. Equations of motion were determined from equilibrium equations of feature objects. General solution, describing dynamic stresses was presented as parametric model. This paper presents particular integrals of differential equation, which enable analysing displacements and vibrations for different rigidities of silo walls, types of granular solid and its flow rate. 16 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27896 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2789 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2781 Konferenzveröffentlichung Musial, Michal; Ubysz, Andrzej Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank ROTATIONAL DUCTILITY OF CRACK IN STATIC AND DYNAMIC CALCULATIONS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BAR STRUCTURES In this paper experimental studies and numerical analysis carried out on reinforced concrete beam are partially reported. They aimed to apply the rigid finite element method to calculations for reinforced concrete beams using discrete crack model. Hence rotational ductility resulting from crack occurrence had to be determined. A relationship for calculating it in static equilibrium was proposed. Laboratory experiments proved that dynamic ductility is considerably smaller. Therefore scaling of the empirical parameter was carried out. Consequently a formula for its value depending on reinforcement ratio was obtained. 9 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27813 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2781 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2790 Konferenzveröffentlichung Musial, Michal; Kamiński, Mieczysław; Ubysz, Andrzej Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank DISCRETE CRACK MODEL OF BORCZ FOR CALCULATING THE DEFLECTIONS OF BENDING REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM In the design of the reinforced concrete beams loaded by the bending moment, it is assumed that the structure can be used at a level of load, that there are local discontinuities - cracks. Designing the element demands checking two limit states of construction, load capacity and usability. Limit states usability include also the deflection of the element. Deflections in the reinforced concrete beams with cracks are based on actual rigidity of the element. After cracking there is a local change in rigidity of the beam. The rigidity is variable in the element's length and due to the heterogeneous structure of concrete, it is not possible to clearly describe those changes. Most standards of testing methods tend to simplify the calculations and take the average value of the beam's rigidity on its entire length. The rigidity depends on the level of the maximal load of the beam. Experimental researches verify the value by inserting the coefficients into the formulas used in the theory of elasticity. The researches describe the changes in rigidity in the beam's length more precisely. The authors take into consideration the change of rigidity, depending on the level of maximum load (continuum models), or localize the changes in rigidity in the area of the cracks (discrete models). This paper presents one of the discrete models. It is distinguished by the fact that the left side of the differential equation, that depends on the rigidity, is constant, and all effects associated with the scratches are taken as the external load and placed on the right side of the equation. This allows to generalize the description. The paper presents a particular integral of the differential equation, which allow analyzing the displacement and vibration for different rigidity of the silo's walls, the flow rate and type of the flowing material. 11 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27907 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2790 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2874 Konferenzveröffentlichung Musial, Michal; Kaminski, Mieczysław; Ubysz, Andrzej Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten FREE VIBRATION FREQUENCIES OF THE CRACKED REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS - METHODS OF CALCULATIONS The paper presents method of calculation of natural frequencies of the cracked reinforced concrete beams including discreet model of crack. The described method is based on the stiff finite elements method. It was modified in such a way as to take into account local discontinuities (ie. cracks). In addition, some theoretical studies as well as experimental tests of concrete mechanics based on discrete crack model were taken into consideration. The calculations were performed using the author's own numerical algorithm. Moreover, other calculation methods of dynamic reinforced concrete beams presented in standards and guidelines are discussed. Calculations performed by using different methods are compared with the results obtained in experimental tests. 8 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28744 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2874 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2814 Konferenzveröffentlichung Musial, Michal Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom THE INFLUENCE OF CRACKS AND OVERESTIMATION ERRORS ON THE DEFLECTION OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS IN THE RIGID FINITE ELEMENT METHOD This article presents the Rigid Finite Element Method in the calculation of reinforced concrete beam deflection with cracks. Initially, this method was used in the shipbuilding industry. Later, it was adapted in the homogeneous calculations of the bar structures. In this method, rigid mass discs serve as an element model. In the flat layout, three generalized coordinates (two translational and one rotational) correspond to each disc. These discs are connected by elastic ties. The genuine idea is to take into account a discrete crack in the Rigid Finite Element Method. It consists in the suitable reduction of the rigidity in rotational ties located in the spots, where cracks occurred. The susceptibility of this tie results from the flexural deformability of the element and the occurrence of the crack. As part of the numerical analyses, the influence of cracks on the total deflection of beams was determined. Furthermore, the results of the calculations were compared to the results of the experiment. Overestimations of the calculated deflections against the measured deflections were found. The article specifies the size of the overestimation and describes its causes. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28142 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2814 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2780 Konferenzveröffentlichung Motra, Hem Bahadur; Dimmig-Osburg, Andrea; Hildebrand, Jörg Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION IN CYCLIC CREEP PREDICTION OF CONCRETE This paper presents a methodology for uncertainty quantification in cyclic creep analysis. Several models- , namely BP model, Whaley and Neville model, modified MC90 for cyclic loading and modified Hyperbolic function for cyclic loading are used for uncertainty quantification. Three types of uncertainty are included in Uncertainty Quantification (UQ): (i) natural variability in loading and materials properties; (ii) data uncertainty due to measurement errors; and (iii) modelling uncertainty and errors during cyclic creep analysis. Due to the consideration of all type of uncertainties, a measure for the total variation of the model response is achieved. The study finds that the BP, modified Hyperbolic and modified MC90 are best performing models for cyclic creep prediction in that order. Further, global Sensitivity Analysis (SA) considering the uncorrelated and correlated parameters is used to quantify the contribution of each source of uncertainty to the overall prediction uncertainty and to identifying the important parameters. The error in determining the input quantities and model itself can produce significant changes in creep prediction values. The variability influence of input random quantities on the cyclic creep was studied by means of the stochastic uncertainty and sensitivity analysis namely the Gartner et al. method and Saltelli et al. method. All input imperfections were considered to be random quantities. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) numerical simulation method (Monte Carlo type method) was used. It has been found by the stochastic sensitivity analysis that the cyclic creep deformation variability is most sensitive to the Elastic modulus of concrete, compressive strength, mean stress, cyclic stress amplitude, number of cycle, in that order. 18 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27803 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2780 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2873 Konferenzveröffentlichung Most, Thomas Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten ESTIMATING UNCERTAINTIES FROM INACCURATE MEASUREMENT DATA USING MAXIMUM ENTROPY DISTRIBUTIONS Modern engineering design often considers uncertainties in geometrical and material parameters and in the loading conditions. Based on initial assumptions on the stochastic properties as mean values, standard deviations and the distribution functions of these uncertain parameters a probabilistic analysis is carried out. In many application fields probabilities of the exceedance of failure criteria are computed. The out-coming failure probability is strongly dependent on the initial assumptions on the random variable properties. Measurements are always more or less inaccurate data due to varying environmental conditions during the measurement procedure. Furthermore the estimation of stochastic properties from a limited number of realisation also causes uncertainties in these quantities. Thus the assumption of exactly known stochastic properties by neglecting these uncertainties may not lead to very useful probabilistic measures in a design process. In this paper we assume the stochastic properties of a random variable as uncertain quantities caused by so-called epistemic uncertainties. Instead of predefined distribution types we use the maximum entropy distribution which enables the description of a wide range of distribution functions based on the first four stochastic moments. These moments are taken again as random variables to model the epistemic scatter in the stochastic assumptions. The main point of this paper is the discussion on the estimation of these uncertain stochastic properties based on inaccurate measurements. We investigate the bootstrap algorithm for its applicability to quantify the uncertainties in the stochastic properties considering imprecise measurement data. Based on the obtained estimates we apply standard stochastic analysis on a simple example to demonstrate the difference and the necessity of the proposed approach. 14 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28732 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2873 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2779 Konferenzveröffentlichung Morais, Joao; Georgiev, Svetlin; Sprößig, Wolfgang Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank A NOTE ON THE CLIFFORD FOURIER-STIELTJES TRANSFORM The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the real Clifford Fourier- Stieltjes transform (CFST) and of its important properties. Additionally, we introduce the definition of convolution of Clifford functions of bounded variation. 13 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27794 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2779 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2778 Konferenzveröffentlichung Morais, Joao; Georgiev, Svetlin Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank COMPLETE ORTHOGONAL SYSTEMS OF 3D SPHEROIDAL MONOGENICS In this paper we review two distint complete orthogonal systems of monogenic polynomials over 3D prolate spheroids. The underlying functions take on either values in the reduced and full quaternions (identified, respectively, with R3 and R4), and are generally assumed to be nullsolutions of the well known Riesz and Moisil Théodoresco systems in R3. This will be done in the spaces of square integrable functions over R and H. The representations of these polynomials are explicitly given. Additionally, we show that these polynomial functions play an important role in defining the Szegö kernel function over the surface of 3D spheroids. As a concrete application, we prove the explicit expression of the monogenic Szegö kernel function over 3D prolate spheroids. 14 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27785 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2778 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2777 Konferenzveröffentlichung Miro, Shorash; Hartmann, Dietrich; Schanz, Tom; Zarev, Veselin Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION METHODS FOR GROUND MODELS IN MECHANIZED TUNNELING Due to the complex interactions between the ground, the driving machine, the lining tube and the built environment, the accurate assignment of in-situ system parameters for numerical simulation in mechanized tunneling is always subject to tremendous difficulties. However, the more accurate these parameters are, the more applicable the responses gained from computations will be. In particular, if the entire length of the tunnel lining is examined, then, the appropriate selection of various kinds of ground parameters is accountable for the success of a tunnel project and, more importantly, will prevent potential casualties. In this context, methods of system identification for the adaptation of numerical simulation of ground models are presented. Hereby, both deterministic and probabilistic approaches are considered for typical scenarios representing notable variations or changes in the ground model. 13 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27771 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2777 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2871 Konferenzveröffentlichung Meschke, Günther; Grytz, Rafael Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten MULTISCALE MODELING AND COMPUTATIONAL REMODELING OF HUMAN EYE TISSUES A stress based remodeling approach is used to investigate the sensitivity of the collagen architecture in humane eye tissues on the biomechanical response of the lamina cribrosa with a particular focus on the stress environment of the nerve fibers. This approach is based on a multi-level biomechanical framework, where the biomechanical properties of eye tissues are derived from a single crimped fibril at the micro-scale via the collagen network of distributed fibrils at the meso-scale to the incompressible and anisotropic soft tissue at the macro-scale. Biomechanically induced remodeling of the collagen network is captured on the meso-scale by allowing for a continuous reorientation of collagen fibrils. To investigate the multi-scale phenomena related to glaucomatous neuropathy a generalized computational homogenization scheme is applied to a coupled two-scale analysis of the human eye considering a numerical macro- and meso-scale model of the lamina cribrosa. 7 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28712 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2871 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2813 Konferenzveröffentlichung Meier, Jörg; Schanz, Tom Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom Benchmarking of Optimization Algorithms In this paper, we present an empirical approach for objective and quantitative benchmarking of optimization algorithms with respect to characteristics induced by the forward calculation. Due to the professional background of the authors, this benchmarking strategy is illustrated on a selection of search methods in regard to expected characteristics of geotechnical parameter back calculation problems. Starting from brief introduction into the approach employed, a strategy for optimization algorithm benchmarking is introduced. The benchmarking utilizes statistical tests carried out on well-known test functions superposed with perturbations, both chosen to mimic objective function topologies found for geotechnical objective function topologies. Here, the moved axis parallel hyper-ellipsoid test function and the generalized Ackley test function in conjunction with an adjustable quantity of objective function topology roughness and fraction of failing forward calculations is analyzed. In total, results for 5 optimization algorithms are presented, compared and discussed. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28134 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2813 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2776 Konferenzveröffentlichung Marzban, Samira; Schwarz, Jochen Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank MODEL QUALITY EVALUATION OF COUPLED RC FRAME-WALL SYSTEMS FOR GLOBAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Civil engineers take advantage of models to design reliable structures. In order to fulfill the design goal with a certain amount of confidence, the utilized models should be able to predict the probable structural behavior under the expected loading schemes. Therefore, a major challenge is to find models which provide less uncertain and more robust responses. The problem gets even twofold when the model to be studied is a global model comprised of different interacting partial models. This study aims at model quality evaluation of global models with a focus on frame-wall systems as the case study. The paper, presents the results of the first step taken toward accomplishing this goal. To start the model quality evaluation of the global frame-wall system, the main element (i.e. the wall) was studied through nonlinear static and dynamic analysis using two different modeling approaches. The two selected models included the fiber section model and the Multiple-Vertical-Line-Element-Model (MVLEM). The influence of the wall aspect ratio (H=L) and the axial load on the response of the models was studied. The results from nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of both models are presented and compared. The models resulted in quite different responses in the range of low aspect ratio walls under large axial loads due to different contribution of the shear deformations to the top displacement. In the studied cases, the results implied that careful attention should be paid to the model quality evaluation of the wall models specifically when they are supposed to be coupled to other partial models such as a moment frame or a soil-footing substructure which their response is sensitive to shear deformations. In this case, even a high quality wall model would not result in a high quality coupled system since it fails to interact properly with the rest of the system. 14 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27769 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2776 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2775 Konferenzveröffentlichung Malonek, Helmuth Robert; Falcão, M. Irene; Cruz, Carla Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank TOTALLY REGULAR VARIABLES AND APPELL SEQUENCES IN HYPERCOMPLEX FUNCTION THEORY The aim of our contribution is to clarify the relation between totally regular variables and Appell sequences of hypercomplex holomorphic polynomials (sometimes simply called monogenic power-like functions) in Hypercomplex Function Theory. After their introduction in 2006 by two of the authors of this note on the occasion of the 17th IKM, the latter have been subject of investigations by different authors with different methods and in various contexts. The former concept, introduced by R. Delanghe in 1970 and later also studied by K. Gürlebeck in 1982 for the case of quaternions, has some obvious relationship with the latter, since it describes a set of linear hypercomplex holomorphic functions all power of which are also hypercomplex holomorphic. Due to the non-commutative nature of the underlying Clifford algebra, being totally regular variables or Appell sequences are not trivial properties as it is for the integer powers of the complex variable z=x+ iy. Simple examples show also, that not every totally regular variable and its powers form an Appell sequence and vice versa. Under some very natural normalization condition the set of all para-vector valued totally regular variables which are also Appell sequences will completely be characterized. In some sense the result can also be considered as an answer to a remark of K. Habetha in chapter 16: Function theory in algebras of the collection Complex analysis. Methods, trends, and applications, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, (Eds. E. Lanckau and W. Tutschke) 225-237 (1983) on the use of exact copies of several complex variables for the power series representation of any hypercomplex holomorphic function. 5 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27751 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2775 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2870 Konferenzveröffentlichung Malonek, Helmuth Robert Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten SPECIAL FUNCTIONS VERSUS ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS IN HYPERCOMPLEX FUNCTION THEORY In recent years special hypercomplex Appell polynomials have been introduced by several authors and their main properties have been studied by different methods and with different objectives. Like in the classical theory of Appell polynomials, their generating function is a hypercomplex exponential function. The observation that this generalized exponential function has, for example, a close relationship with Bessel functions confirmed the practical significance of such an approach to special classes of hypercomplex differentiable functions. Its usefulness for combinatorial studies has also been investigated. Moreover, an extension of those ideas led to the construction of complete sets of hypercomplex Appell polynomial sequences. Here we show how this opens the way for a more systematic study of the relation between some classes of Special Functions and Elementary Functions in Hypercomplex Function Theory. 3 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28702 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2870 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2812 Konferenzveröffentlichung Macedo, Joaquim Miguel; Benta, Agostinho; Picado-Santos, Luis Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom USE OF MICROSIMULATION IN THE ADAPTATION TO PORTUGAL OF THE HCM 2000 METHODOLOGY FOR BASIC FREEWAY SEGMENTS Portugal is one of the European countries with higher spatial and population freeway network coverage. The sharp growth of this network in the last years instigates the use of methods of analysis and the evaluation of their quality of service in terms of the traffic performance, typically performed through internationally accepted methodologies, namely that presented in the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). Lately, the use of microscopic traffic simulation models has been increasingly widespread. These models simulate the individual movement of the vehicles, allowing to perform traffic analysis. The main target of this study was to verify the possibility of using microsimulation as an auxiliary tool in the adaptation of the methodology by HCM 2000 to Portugal. For this purpose, were used the microscopic simulators AIMSUN and VISSIM for the simulation of the traffic circulation in the A5 Portuguese freeway. The results allowed the analysis of the influence of the main geometric and traffic factors involved in the methodology by HCM 2000. In conclusion, the study presents the main advantages and limitations of the microsimulators AIMSUN and VISSIM in modelling the traffic circulation in Portuguese freeways. The main limitation is that these microsimulators are not able to simulate explicitly some of the factors considered in the HCM 2000 methodology, which invalidates their direct use as a tool in the quantification of those effects and, consequently, makes the direct adaptation of this methodology to Portugal impracticable. 7 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28122 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2812 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2811 Konferenzveröffentlichung Lopes, Nuno; Rodrigues, Daniela; Vila Real, Paulo Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom ANALYSIS OF STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN FIRE WITH SLENDER CROSS-SECTIONS THROUGH BEAM FINITE ELEMENTS APPLYING AN EFFECTIVE CONSTITUTIVE LAW Steel profiles with slender cross-sections are characterized by their high susceptibility to instability phenomena, especially local buckling, which are intensified under fire conditions. This work presents a study on numerical modelling of the behaviour of steel structural elements in case of fire with slender cross-sections. To accurately carry out these analyses it is necessary to take into account those local instability modes, which normally is only possible with shell finite elements. However, aiming at the development of more expeditious methods, particularly important for analysing complete structures in case of fire, recent studies have proposed the use of beam finite elements considering the presence of local buckling through the implementation of a new effective steel constitutive law. The objective of this work is to develop a study to validate this methodology using the program SAFIR. Comparisons are made between the results obtained applying the referred new methodology and finite element analyses using shell elements. The studies were made to laterally restrained beams, unrestrained beams, axially compressed columns and columns subjected to bending plus compression. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28116 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2811 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2774 Konferenzveröffentlichung Liu, Xiangqin; Leimbach, Robert; Hartmann, Dietrich Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF A WIND TURBINE STRUCTURE USING ROBUST MODEL UPDATING STRATEGY This paper presents a robust model updating strategy for system identification of wind turbines. To control the updating parameters and to avoid ill-conditioning, the global sensitivity analysis using the elementary effects method is conducted. The formulation of the objective function is based on M¨uller-Slany's strategy for multi-criteria functions. As a simulationbased optimization, a simulation adapter is developed to interface the simulation software ANSYS and the locally developed optimization software MOPACK. Model updating is firstly tested on the beam model of the rotor blade. The defect between the numerical model and the reference has been markedly reduced by the process of model updating. The effect of model updating becomes more pronounced in the comparison of the measured and the numerical properties of the wind turbine model. The deviations of the frequencies of the updated model are rather small. The complete comparison including the free vibration modes by the modal assurance criteria shows the excellent coincidence of the modal parameters of the updated model with the ones from the measurements. By successful implementation of the model validation via model updating, the applicability and effectiveness of the solution concept has been demonstrated. 11 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27744 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2774 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2868 Konferenzveröffentlichung Leipold, Mathias; Schwarz, Jochen Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR RC-FRAME SYSTEMS WITH INFILLS There are many different approaches to simulate the mechanical behavior of RC−Frames with masonry infills. In this paper, selected modeling techniques for masonry infills and reinforced concrete frame members will be discussed − stressing the attention on the damaging effects of the individual members and the entire system under quasi−static horizontal loading. The effect of the infill walls on the surrounding frame members is studied using equivalent strut elements. The implemented model consider in−plane failure modes for the infills, such as bed joint sliding and corner crushing. These frame member models differ with respect to their stress state. Finally, examples are provided and compared with experimental data from a real size test executed on a three story RC−Frame with and without infills. The quality of the model is evaluated on the basis of load−displacement relationships as well as damage progression. 16 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28684 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2868 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-4476 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Legatiuk, Dmitrii; Weisz-Patrault, Daniel Coupling of Complex Function Theory and Finite Element Method for Crack Propagation Through Energetic Formulation: Conformal Mapping Approach and Reduction to a Riemann-Hilbert Problem In this paper we present a theoretical background for a coupled analytical-numerical approach to model a crack propagation process in two-dimensional bounded domains. The goal of the coupled analytical-numerical approach is to obtain the correct solution behaviour near the crack tip by help of the analytical solution constructed by using tools of complex function theory and couple it continuously with the finite element solution in the region far from the singularity. In this way, crack propagation could be modelled without using remeshing. Possible directions of crack growth can be calculated through the minimization of the total energy composed of the potential energy and the dissipated energy based on the energy release rate. Within this setting, an analytical solution of a mixed boundary value problem based on complex analysis and conformal mapping techniques is presented in a circular region containing an arbitrary crack path. More precisely, the linear elastic problem is transformed into a Riemann-Hilbert problem in the unit disk for holomorphic functions. Utilising advantages of the analytical solution in the region near the crack tip, the total energy could be evaluated within short computation times for various crack kink angles and lengths leading to a potentially efficient way of computing the minimization procedure. To this end, the paper presents a general strategy of the new coupled approach for crack propagation modelling. Additionally, we also discuss obstacles in the way of practical realisation of this strategy. Heidelberg Springer 23 Computational Methods and Function Theory 2021 1 23 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210805-44763 10.1007/s40315-021-00403-7 Professur Angewandte Mathematik OPUS4-2773 Konferenzveröffentlichung Legatiuk, Dmitrii; Bock, Sebastian; Gürlebeck, Klaus Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank THE PROBLEM OF COUPLING BETWEEN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD This paper is focused on the first numerical tests for coupling between analytical solution and finite element method on the example of one problem of fracture mechanics. The calculations were done according to ideas proposed in [1]. The analytical solutions are constructed by using an orthogonal basis of holomorphic and anti-holomorphic functions. For coupling with finite element method the special elements are constructed by using the trigonometric interpolation theorem. 11 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27730 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2773 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2772 Konferenzveröffentlichung Le, Hoai Thu; Morais, Joao; Sprößig, Wolfgang Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS It is well known that complex quaternion analysis plays an important role in the study of higher order boundary value problems of mathematical physics. Following the ideas given for real quaternion analysis, the paper deals with certain orthogonal decompositions of the complex quaternion Hilbert space into its subspaces of null solutions of Dirac type operator with an arbitrary complex potential. We then apply them to consider related boundary value problems, and to prove the existence and uniqueness as well as the explicit representation formulae of the underlying solutions. 10 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27729 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2772 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2867 Konferenzveröffentlichung Le, Hanh Quang; Rüppel, Uwe Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten MULTI-SITE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCHEDULING CONSIDERING RESOURCE MOVING TIME IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Under the booming construction demands in developing countries, particularly in Vietnam situation, construction contractors often perform multiple concurrent projects in different places. In construction project scheduling processes, the existing scheduling methods often assume the resource moving time between activities/projects to be negligible. When multiple projects are deployed in different places and far from each other, this assumption has many shortcomings for properly modelling the real-world constraints. Especially, with respect to developing countries such as the Vietnam which contains transportation systems that are still in backward and low technical standards. This paper proposes a new algorithm named Multi-Site Construction Project Scheduling - MCOPS. The objective of this algorithm is to solve the problem of minimising multi-site construction project duration under limited available conditions of renewable resources (labour, machines and equipment) combining with the moving time of required resource among activities/projects. Additionally, in order to mitigate the impact of resource moving time into the multi-site project duration, this paper proposed a new priority rule: Minimum Resource Moving Time (MinRMT). The MinRMT is applied to rank the finished activities according to a priority order, to support the released resources to the scheduling activities. In order to investigate the impact of the resource moving time among activities during the scheduling process, computational experimentation was implemented. The results of the MCOPS-based computational experiments showed that, the resource moving time among projects has significantly impacted the multi-site project durations and this amount of time can not be ignored in the multi-site project scheduling process. Besides, the efficient application of the MinRMT is also demonstrated through the achieved results of the computational experiment in this paper. Though the efforts in this paper are based on the Vietnamese construction conditions, the proposed method can be usefully applied in other developing countries which have similar construction conditions. 15 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28671 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2867 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2866 Konferenzveröffentlichung Lavicka, Roman; Delanghe, Richard; Soucek, Vladimir Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten THE HOWE DUALITY FOR HODGE SYSTEMS In this note, we describe quite explicitly the Howe duality for Hodge systems and connect it with the well-known facts of harmonic analysis and Clifford analysis. In Section 2, we recall briefly the Fisher decomposition and the Howe duality for harmonic analysis. In Section 3, the well-known fact that Clifford analysis is a real refinement of harmonic analysis is illustrated by the Fisher decomposition and the Howe duality for the space of spinor-valued polynomials in the Euclidean space under the so-called L-action. On the other hand, for Clifford algebra valued polynomials, we can consider another action, called in Clifford analysis the H-action. In the last section, we recall the Fisher decomposition for the H-action obtained recently. As in Clifford analysis the prominent role plays the Dirac equation in this case the basic set of equations is formed by the Hodge system. Moreover, analysis of Hodge systems can be viewed even as a refinement of Clifford analysis. In this note, we describe the Howe duality for the H-action. In particular, in Proposition 1, we recognize the Howe dual partner of the orthogonal group O(m) in this case as the Lie superalgebra sl(2 1). Furthermore, Theorem 2 gives the corresponding multiplicity free decomposition with an explicit description of irreducible pieces. 11 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28669 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2866 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2771 Konferenzveröffentlichung Lahmer, Tom; Ghorashi, Seyed Shahram Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank XFEM-BASED CRACK IDENTIFICATION APPLYING REGULARIZING METHODS IN A MULTILEVEL APPROACH Many structures in different engineering applications suffer from cracking. In order to make reliable prognosis about the serviceability of those structures it is of utmost importance to identify cracks as precisely as possible by non-destructive testing. A novel approach (XIGA), which combines the Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) and the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is used for the forward problem, namely the analysis of a cracked material, see [1]. Applying the NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline) based approach from IGA together with the XFEM allows to describe effectively arbitrarily shaped cracks and avoids the necessity of remeshing during the crack identification problem. We want to exploit these advantages for the inverse problem of detecting existing cracks by non-destructive testing, see e.g. [2]. The quality of the reconstructed cracks however depends on two major issues, namely the quality of the measured data (measurement error) and the discretization of the crack model. The first one will be taken into account by applying regularizing methods with a posteriori stopping criteria. The second one is critical in the sense that too few degrees of freedom, i.e. the number of control points of the NURBS, do not allow for a precise description of the crack. An increased number of control points, however, increases the number of unknowns in the inverse analysis and intensifies the ill-posedness. The trade-off between accuracy and stability is aimed to be found by applying an inverse multilevel algorithm [3, 4] where the identification is started with short knot vectors which successively will be enlarged during the identification process. 9 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27717 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2771 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2865 Konferenzveröffentlichung Lahmer, Tom Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten HYDRO-MECHANICAL COUPLED FIELD SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION - APPLICATION TO WATER RESERVOIRS In this paper we present an inverse method which is capable of identifying system components in a hydro-mechanically coupled system, i.e. for fluid flow in porous media. As an example we regard water dams that were constructed more than hundred years ago but which are still in use. Over the time ageing processes have changed the condition of these dams. Within the dams fissures might have grown. The proposed method is designed to locate these fissures out of combined mechanical and hydraulic measurements. In a numerical example the fissures or damaged zones are described by a smeared crack model. The task is now to identify simultaneously the spatial distribution of Young's modulus and the hydraulic permeability due to the fact, that in regions where damages are present, the mechanical stiffness of the system is reduced and the permeability increased. The inversion is shown to be an ill-posed problem. As a consequence regularizing methods have to be applied, where the nonlinear Landweber method (a gradient type method combined with a discrepancy principle) has proven to be an efficient choice. 14 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28650 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2865 Professur Angewandte Mathematik OPUS4-2864 Konferenzveröffentlichung Kunoth, Angela Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten MULTISCALE ANALYSIS OF MULTIVARIATE DATA For many applications, nonuniformly distributed functional data is given which lead to large-scale scattered data problems. We wish to represent the data in terms of a sparse representation with a minimal amount of degrees of freedom. For this, an adaptive scheme which operates in a coarse-to-fine fashion using a multiscale basis is proposed. Specifically, we investigate hierarchical bases using B-splines and spline-(pre)wavelets. At each stage a leastsquares approximation of the data is computed. We take into account different requests arising in large-scale scattered data fitting: we discuss the fast iterative solution of the least square systems, regularization of the data, and the treatment of outliers. A particular application concerns the approximate continuation of harmonic functions, an issue arising in geodesy. 20 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28644 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2864 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2770 Konferenzveröffentlichung Kulchytskyy, Artem; Horokhov, Yevgen; Gubanov, Vadim; Golikov, Alexandr Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank THE INFLUENCE OF THE LOCAL CONCAVITY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF BEARING SHELL OF HIGH-RISE CONSTRUCTION Areas with various defects and damages, which reduce carrying capacity, were examined in a study of metal chimneys. In this work, the influence of the local dimples on the function of metal chimneys was considered. Modeling tasks were completed in the software packages LIRA and ANSYS. Parameters were identified, which characterize the local dimples, and a numerical study of the influence of local dimples on the stress-strain state of shells of metal chimneys was conducted. A distribution field of circular and meridional tension was analyzed in a researched area. Zones of influence of dimples on the bearing cover of metal chimneys were investigated. The bearing capacities of high-rise structures with various dimple geometries and various cover parameters were determined with respect to specified areas of the trunk. Dependent relationships are represented graphically for the decrease in bearing capacity of a cover with respect to dimples. Diameter and thickness of covers of metal chimneys were constructed according to the resulting data. 10 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27701 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2770 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2810 Konferenzveröffentlichung Kraußhar, Rolf Sören; de Almeida, Regina Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom FUNDAMENTALS OF A WIMAN VALIRON THEORY FOR POLYMONOGENIC FUNCTIONS In this paper we present some rudiments of a generalized Wiman-Valiron theory in the context of polymonogenic functions. In particular, we analyze the relations between different notions of growth orders and the Taylor coefficients. Our main intention is to look for generalizations of the Lindel¨of-Pringsheim theorem. In contrast to the classical holomorphic and the monogenic setting we only obtain inequality relations in the polymonogenic setting. This is due to the fact that the Almansi-Fischer decomposition of a polymonogenic function consists of different monogenic component functions where each of them can have a totally different kind of asymptotic growth behavior. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28100 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2810 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2769 Konferenzveröffentlichung Kraußhar, Rolf Sören Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank SOME HARMONIC ANALYSIS ON MÖBIUS STRIP DOMAINS AND THE KLEIN BOTTLE IN Rn The aim of this paper we discuss explicit series constructions for the fundamental solution of the Helmholtz operator on some important examples non-orientable conformally at manifolds. In the context of this paper we focus on higher dimensional generalizations of the Klein bottle which in turn generalize higher dimensional Möbius strips that we discussed in preceding works. We discuss some basic properties of pinor valued solutions to the Helmholtz equation on these manifolds. 10 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27692 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2769 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2862 Konferenzveröffentlichung Knabe, Tina Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten CONSTITUTIVE MODELS FOR SUBSOIL IN THE CONTEXT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING Parameters of constitutive models are obtained generally comparing the results of forward numerical simulations to measurement data. Mostly the parameter values are varied by trial-and-error in order to reach an improved fit and obtain plausible results. However, the description of complex soil behavior requires advanced constitutive models where the rising complexity of these models mainly increases the number of unknown constitutive parameters. Thus an efficient identification "by hand" becomes quite difficult for most practical geotechnical problems. The main focus of this article is on finding a vector of parameters in a given search space which minimizes discrepancy between measurements and the associated numerical result. Classically, the parameter values are estimated from laboratory tests on small samples (triaxial tests or oedometer tests). For this purpose an automatic population-based approach is present to determine the material parameters for reconstituted and natural Bothkennar Clay. After the identification a statistical assessment is carried out of numerical results to evaluate different constitutive models. On the other side a geotechnical problem, stone columns under an embankment, is treated in a well instrumented field trial in Klagenfurt, Austria. For the identification purpose there are measurements from multilevel-piezometers, multilevel-extensometers and horizontal inclinometer. Based on the simulation of the stone columns in a FE-Model the identification of the constitutive parameters is similar to the experimental tests by minimizing the absolute error between measurement and numerical curves. 16 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28628 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2862 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2861 Konferenzveröffentlichung Kinzler, Steffen; Grabe, Jürgen Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten APPLICATION OF MULTICRITERIAL NUMERICAL OPTIMISATION IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Geotechnical constructions are sophisticated structures due to the non-linear soil behaviour and the complex soil-structure interaction, which entails great exigencies on the liable engineer during the design process. The process can be schematised as a difficult and, depending on the opportunities and skills of the processor more or less innovative, creative and heuristic search for one or a multiple of defined objectives under given boundary conditions. Wholistic approaches including numerical optimisation which support the constructing engineer in this task do not currently exist. Abstract problem formulation is not state of the art; commonly parameter studies are bounded by computational effort. Thereby potential regarding cost effectiveness, construction time, load capacity and/or serviceability are often used insufficiently. This paper describes systematic approaches for comprehensive optimisation of selected geotechnical constructions like combined pile raft foundations and quay wall structures. Several optimisation paradigms like the mono- and the multi-objective optimisation are demonstrated and their use for a more efficient design concerning various intentions is shown in example. The optimisation is implemented by using Evolutionary Algorithms. The applicability to geotechnical real world problems including nonlinearities, discontinuities and multi-modalities is shown. The routines are adapted to common problems and coupled with conventional analysis procedures as well as with numerical calculation software based on the finite element method. Numerical optimisation of geotechnical design using efficient algorithms is able to deliver highly effective solutions after investing more effort into the parameterization of the problem. Obtained results can be used for realizing different constructions near the stability limit, visualizing the sensitivity regarding the construction parameters or simply procuring more effective solutions. 10 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28616 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2861 Professur Angewandte Mathematik OPUS4-2809 Konferenzveröffentlichung Khristich, Dmitrii; Astapov, Yuri Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom VARIATIONAL POSITING AND SOLUTION OF COUPLED THERMOMECHANICAL PROBLEMS IN A REFERENCE CONFIGURATION Variational formulation of a coupled thermomechanical problem of anisotropic solids for the case of non-isothermal finite deformations in a reference configuration is shown. The formulation of the problem includes: a condition of equilibrium flow of a deformation process in the reference configuration; an equation of a coupled heat conductivity in a variational form, in which an influence of deformation characteristics of a process on the temperature field is taken into account; tensor-linear constitutive relations for a hypoelastic material; kinematic and evolutional relations; initial and boundary conditions. Based on this formulation several axisymmetric isothermal and coupled problems of finite deformations of isotropic and anisotropic bodies are solved. The solution of coupled thermomechanical problems for a hollow cylinder in case of finite deformation showed an essential influence of coupling on distribution of temperature, stresses and strains. The obtained solutions show the development of stressstrain state and temperature changing in axisymmetric bodies in the case of finite deformations. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28091 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2809 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2808 Konferenzveröffentlichung Khosravian, Reza; Wuttke, Frank Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SOIL MODELING APPROACH ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A SMALL-SCALE 2-DOF STRUCTURE WITH PILE FOUNDATION Known as a sophisticated phenomenon in civil engineering problems, soil structure interaction has been under deep investigations in the field of Geotechnics. On the other hand, advent of powerful computers has led to development of numerous numerical methods to deal with this phenomenon, resulting in a wide variety of methods trying to simulate the behavior of the soil stratum. This survey studies two common approaches to model the soil's behavior in a system consisting of a structure with two degrees of freedom, representing a two-storey frame structure made of steel, with the column resting on a pile embedded into sand in laboratory scale. The effect of soil simulation technique on the dynamic behavior of the structure is of major interest in the study. Utilized modeling approaches are the so-called Holistic method, and substitution of soil with respective impedance functions. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28080 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2808 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2856 Konferenzveröffentlichung Khan, Farhan Manzoor Ahmed; Cong, ZiXiang; Karsten, Menzel; Stack, Paul Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten TRACKING OCCUPANTS AND INVENTORY ITEMS IN BUILDINGS USING RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TECHNOLOGY In order to make control decisions, Smart Buildings need to collect data from multiple sources and bring it to a central location, such as the Building Management System (BMS). This needs to be done in a timely and automated fashion. Besides data being gathered from different energy using elements, information of occupant behaviour is also important for a building's requirement analysis. In this paper, the parameter of Occupant Density was considered to help find behaviour of occupants towards a building space. Through this parameter, support for building energy consumption and requirements based on occupant need and demands was provided. The demonstrator presented provides information on the number of people present in a particular building space at any time, giving the space density. Such collections of density data made over a certain period of time represents occupant behaviour towards the building space, giving its usage patterns. Similarly, inventory items were tracked and monitored for moving out or being brought into a particular read zone. For both, people and inventory items, this was achieved using small, low-cost, passive Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags. Occupants were given the tags in a form factor of a credit card to be possessed at all times. A central database was built where occupant and inventory information for a particular building space was maintained for monitoring and providing a central data access. 13 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28562 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2856 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2807 Konferenzveröffentlichung Kersten, Jens; Rodehorst, Volker Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom TOWARDS STEREO VISION- AND LASER SCANNER-BASED UAS POSE ESTIMATION A central issue for the autonomous navigation of mobile robots is to map unknown environments while simultaneously estimating its position within this map. This chicken-eggproblem is known as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Asctec's quadrotor Pelican is a powerful and flexible research UAS (unmanned aircraft system) which enables the development of new real-time on-board algorithms for SLAM as well as autonomous navigation. The relative UAS pose estimation for SLAM, usually based on low-cost sensors like inertial measurement units (IMU) and barometers, is known to be affected by high drift rates. In order to significantly reduce these effects, we incorporate additional independent pose estimation techniques using exteroceptive sensors. In this article we present first pose estimation results using a stereo camera setup as well as a laser range finder, individually. Even though these methods fail in few certain configurations we demonstrate their effectiveness and value for the reduction of IMU drift rates and give an outlook for further works towards SLAM. 7 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28072 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2807 Professur Angewandte Mathematik OPUS4-2855 Konferenzveröffentlichung Keitel, Holger; Dimmig-Osburg, Andrea; Zabel, Volkmar Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten CHARACTERIZATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT DEFORMATIONS OF POLYMER CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) Tests on Polymer Modified Cement Concrete (PCC) have shown significant large creep deformation. The reasons for that as well as additional material phenomena are explained in the following paper. Existing creep models developed for standard concrete are studied to determine the time-dependent deformations of PCC. These models are: model B3 by Bažant and Bajewa, the models according to Model Code 90 and ACI 209 as well as model GL2000 by Gardner and Lockman. The calculated creep strains are compared to existing experimental data of PCC and the differences are pointed out. Furthermore, an optimization of the model parameters is performed to fit the models to the experimental data to achieve a better model prognosis. 17 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28552 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2855 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2768 Konferenzveröffentlichung Keitel, Holger Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank QUANTIFYING THE QUALITY OF PARTIAL MODEL COUPLING AND ITS EFFECT ON THE SIMULATED STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR The process of analysis and design in structural engineering requires the consideration of different partial models, for example loading, structural materials, structural elements, and analysis types. The various partial models are combined by coupling several of their components. Due to the large number of available partial models describing similar phenomena, many different model combinations are possible to simulate the same aspects of a structure. The challenging task of an engineer is to select a model combination that ensures a sufficient, reliable prognosis. In order to achieve this reliable prognosis of the overall structural behavior, a high individual quality of the partial models and an adequate coupling of the partial models is required. Several methodologies have been proposed to evaluate the quality of partial models for their intended application, but a detailed study of the coupling quality is still lacking. This paper proposes a new approach to assess the coupling quality of partial models in a quantitative manner. The approach is based on the consistency of the coupled data and applies for uni- and bidirectional coupled partial models. Furthermore, the influence of the coupling quality on the output quantities of the partial models is considered. The functionality of the algorithm and the effect of the coupling quality are demonstrated using an example of coupled partial models in structural engineering. 11 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27689 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2768 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2806 Konferenzveröffentlichung Kavrakov, Igor; Timmler, Hans-Georg; Morgenthal, Guido Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION USING THE ENERGY METHOD WITH INTEGRAL MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR With the advances of the computer technology, structural optimization has become a prominent field in structural engineering. In this study an unconventional approach of structural optimization is presented which utilize the Energy method with Integral Material behaviour (EIM), based on the Lagrange's principle of minimum potential energy. The equilibrium condition with the EIM, as an alternative method for nonlinear analysis, is secured through minimization of the potential energy as an optimization problem. Imposing this problem as an additional constraint on a higher cost function of a structural property, a bilevel programming problem is formulated. The nested strategy of solution of the bilevel problem is used, treating the energy and the upper objective function as separate optimization problems. Utilizing the convexity of the potential energy, gradient based algorithms are employed for its minimization and the upper cost function is minimized using the gradient free algorithms, due to its unknown properties. Two practical examples are considered in order to prove the efficiency of the method. The first one presents a sizing problem of I steel section within encased composite cross section, utilizing the material nonlinearity. The second one is a discrete shape optimization of a steel truss bridge, which is compared to a previous study based on the Finite Element Method. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28065 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2806 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2854 Konferenzveröffentlichung Karaki, Ghada; Freundt, Ursula; Vogt, Ralf Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten MODELING OF BRIDGE BEARING UNDER TRANSIENT LOADING The evident advances of the computational power of the digital computers enable the modeling of the total system of structures. Such modeling demands compatible representations of the couplings of different structural subsystems. Therefore, models of dynamic interaction between the vehicle and the bridge and models of a bridge bearing, a coupling element between the bridge's superstructure and substructure, are of interest and discussed within this paper. The vehicle-bridge interaction may be described as a function connecting two sets of behavior. In this case, the coupling is embodied by mutual parameters that affect both systems, such as the frequency content of the bridge and the vehicle. Whereas the bridge bearings are elements used specifically to couple, in such elements the deformation and the transferred loads are used in characterizing the coupling The nature of these couplings and their influence on the bridge response is different. However, the need to assess the amount of dynamic response transferred by or within these couplings is a common argument. 11 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28544 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2854 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2767 Konferenzveröffentlichung Karaki, Ghada Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank DEPENDENCY OF THE INFLUENCE OF INPUT PARAMETERS OF BVI MODELS ON THE INITIAL EXCITATIONS AND SPEED RANGES Bridge vibration due to traffic loading has been subject of extensive research in the last decades. Such studies are concerned with deriving solutions for the bridge-vehicle interaction (BVI) and analyzing the dynamic responses considering randomness of the coupled model's (BVI) input parameters and randomness of road unevenness. This study goes further to examine the effects of such randomness of input parameters and processes on the variance of dynamic responses in quantitative measures. The input parameters examined in the sensitivity analysis are, stiffness and damping of vehicle's suspension system, axle spacing, and stiffness and damping of bridge. This study also examines the effects of the initial excitation of a vehicle on the influences of the considered input parameters. Variance based sensitivity analysis is often applied to deterministic models. However, the models for the dynamic problem is a stochastic one due to the simulations of the random processes. Thus, a setting using a joint meta-model; one for the mean response and other for the dispersion of the response is developed. The joint model is developed within the framework of Generalized Linear Models (GLM). An enhancement of the GLM procedure is suggested and tested; this enhancement incorporates Moving Least Squares (MLS) approximation algorithms in the fitting of the mean component of the joint model. The sensitivity analysis is then performed on the joint-model developed for the dynamic responses caused by BVI. 13 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27675 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2767 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2805 Konferenzveröffentlichung Karaki, Ghada Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom SELECTION AND SCALING OF GROUND MOTION RECORDS FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS USING AN OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM The nonlinear time history analysis and seismic performance based methods require a set of scaled ground motions. The conventional procedure of ground motion selection is based on matching the motion properties, e.g. magnitude, amplitude, fault distance, and fault mechanism. The seismic target spectrum is only used in the scaling process following the random selection process. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to present a procedure to select a sets of ground motions from a built database of ground motions. The selection procedure is based on running an optimization problem using Dijkstra's algorithm to match the selected set of ground motions to a target response spectrum. The selection and scaling procedure of optimized sets of ground motions is presented by examining the analyses of nonlinear single degree of freedom systems. 7 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28058 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2805 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar OPUS4-2766 Konferenzveröffentlichung Jung, Bastian; Morgenthal, Guido Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom; Werner, Frank ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRAL BRIDGES USING QUANTITATIVE MODEL EVALUATION Numerical simulations in the general field of civil engineering are common for the design process of structures and/or the assessment of existing buildings. The behaviour of these structures is analytically unknown and is approximated with numerical simulation methods like the Finite Element Method (FEM). Therefore the real structure is transferred into a global model (GM, e.g. concrete bridge) with a wide range of sub models (partial models PM, e.g. material modelling, creep). These partial models are coupled together to predict the behaviour of the observed structure (GM) under different conditions. The engineer needs to decide which models are suitable for computing realistically and efficiently the physical processes determining the structural behaviour. Theoretical knowledge along with the experience from prior design processes will influence this model selection decision. It is thus often a qualitative selection of different models. The goal of this paper is to present a quantitative evaluation of the global model quality according to the simulation of a bridge subject to direct loading (dead load, traffic) and indirect loading (temperature), which induce restraint effects. The model quality can be separately investigated for each partial model and also for the coupled partial models in a global structural model. Probabilistic simulations are necessary for the evaluation of these model qualities by using Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis. The method is applied to the simulation of a semi-integral concrete bridge with a monolithic connection between the superstructure and the piers, and elastomeric bearings at the abutments. The results show that the evaluation of global model quality is strongly dependent on the sensitivity of the considered partial models and their related quantitative prediction quality. This method is not only a relative comparison between different models, but also a quantitative representation of model quality using probabilistic simulation methods, which can support the process of model selection for numerical simulations in research and practice. 10 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 04 - 06 2012, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-27662 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2766 Graduiertenkolleg 1462 OPUS4-2804 Konferenzveröffentlichung Jaouadi, Zouhour; Lahmer, Tom Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom Topology optimization of structures subjected to multiple load cases by introducing the Epsilon constraint method A topology optimization method has been developed for structures subjected to multiple load cases (Example of a bridge pier subjected to wind loads, traffic, superstructure...). We formulate the problem as a multi-criterial optimization problem, where the compliance is computed for each load case. Then, the Epsilon constraint method (method proposed by Chankong and Haimes, 1971) is adapted. The strategy of this method is based on the concept of minimizing the maximum compliance resulting from the critical load case while the other remaining compliances are considered in the constraints. In each iteration, the compliances of all load cases are computed and only the maximum one is minimized. The topology optimization process is switching from one load to another according to the variation of the resulting compliance. In this work we will motivate and explain the proposed methodology and provide some numerical examples. 7 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28042 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2804 Institut für Strukturmechanik (ISM) OPUS4-2803 Konferenzveröffentlichung Jahr, Katrin; Schlich, Robert; Dragos, Kosmas; Smarsly, Kay Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom DECENTRALIZED AUTONOMOUS FAULT DETECTION IN WIRELESS STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMS USING STRUCTURAL RESPONSE DATA Sensor faults can affect the dependability and the accuracy of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. Recent studies demonstrate that artificial neural networks can be used to detect sensor faults. In this paper, decentralized artificial neural networks (ANNs) are applied for autonomous sensor fault detection. On each sensor node of a wireless SHM system, an ANN is implemented to measure and to process structural response data. Structural response data is predicted by each sensor node based on correlations between adjacent sensor nodes and on redundancies inherent in the SHM system. Evaluating the deviations (or residuals) between measured and predicted data, sensor faults are autonomously detected by the wireless sensor nodes in a fully decentralized manner. A prototype SHM system implemented in this study, which is capable of decentralized autonomous sensor fault detection, is validated in laboratory experiments through simulated sensor faults. Several topologies and modes of operation of the embedded ANNs are investigated with respect to the dependability and the accuracy of the fault detection approach. In conclusion, the prototype SHM system is able to accurately detect sensor faults, demonstrating that neural networks, processing decentralized structural response data, facilitate autonomous fault detection, thus increasing the dependability and the accuracy of structural health monitoring systems. 8 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28031 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2803 Professur Angewandte Mathematik OPUS4-2853 Konferenzveröffentlichung Itam, Zarina Gürlebeck, Klaus; Könke, Carsten NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THERMO-HYGRAL ALKALI-SILICA REACTION MODEL IN CONCRETE AT THE MESOSCALE This research aims to model Alkali-Silica Reaction gel expansion in concrete under the influence of hygral and thermal loading, based on experimental results. ASR provokes a heterogeneous expansion in concrete leading to dimensional changes and eventually the premature failure of the concrete structure. This can result in map cracking on the concrete surface which will decrease the concrete stiffness. Factors that influence ASR are parameters such as the cement alkalinity, the number of deleterious silica from the aggregate used, concrete porosity, and external factors like temperature, humidity and external source of alkali from ingression of deicing salts. Uncertainties of the influential factors make ASR a difficult phenomenon to solve; hence my approach to this matter is to solve the problem using stochastic modelling, where a numerical simulation of concrete cross-section with integration of experimental results from Finger-Institute for Building Materials Science at the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar. The problem is formulated as a multi-field problem, combining heat transfer, fluid transfer and the reaction rate model with the mechanical stress field. Simulation is performed as a mesoscale model considering aggregates and mortar matrix. The reaction rate model will be conducted using experimental results from concrete expansions due to ASR gained from concrete prism tests. Expansive strains values for transient environmental conditions due to the reaction rate will be determined from calculation based on the reaction rate model. Results from these models will be able to predict the rate of ASR expansion and the cracking propagation that may arise. 7 urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28536 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2853 Institut für Strukturmechanik (ISM) OPUS4-2802 Konferenzveröffentlichung Ignatova, Elena; Kirschke, Heiko; Tauscher, Eike; Smarsly, Kay Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom PARAMETRIC GEOMETRIC MODELING IN CONSTRUCTION PLANNING USING INDUSTRY FOUNDATION CLASSES One of the most promising and recent advances in computer-based planning is the transition from classical geometric modeling to building information modeling (BIM). Building information models support the representation, storage, and exchange of various information relevant to construction planning. This information can be used for describing, e.g., geometric/physical properties or costs of a building, for creating construction schedules, or for representing other characteristics of construction projects. Based on this information, plans and specifications as well as reports and presentations of a planned building can be created automatically. A fundamental principle of BIM is object parameterization, which allows specifying geometrical, numerical, algebraic and associative dependencies between objects contained in a building information model. In this paper, existing challenges of parametric modeling using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) as a federated model for integrated planning are shown, and open research questions are discussed. 8 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28024 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2802 Professur Informatik im Bauwesen OPUS4-2800 Konferenzveröffentlichung Hölter, Raoul; Mahmoudi, Elham; Schanz, Tom Gürlebeck, Klaus; Lahmer, Tom OPTIMAL SENSOR LOCATION FOR PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION IN SOFT CLAY Performing parameter identification prior to numerical simulation is an essential task in geotechnical engineering. However, it has to be kept in mind that the accuracy of the obtained parameter is closely related to the chosen experimental setup, such as the number of sensors as well as their location. A well considered position of sensors can increase the quality of the measurement and to reduce the number of monitoring points. This Paper illustrates this concept by means of a loading device that is used to identify the stiffness and permeability of soft clays. With an initial setup of the measurement devices the pore water pressure and the vertical displacements are recorded and used to identify the afore mentioned parameters. Starting from these identified parameters, the optimal measurement setup is investigated with a method based on global sensitivity analysis. This method shows an optimal sensor location assuming three sensors for each measured quantity, and the results are discussed. 6 Digital Proceedings, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering : July 20 - 22 2015, Bauhaus-University Weimar urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170314-28008 10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.2800 In Zusammenarbeit mit der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar