@phdthesis{Stang,
  author    = {Stang, Ren{\´e}},
  title     = {Methode zur {\"O}koeffizienzbewertung w{\"a}rmetechnischer Anlagen in Geb{\"a}uden},
  publisher = {VDI Verlag},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {978-3-18-300623-6 (print)},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4528},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20211119-45280},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {222},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Arbeit richtet sich an Ingenieur*innen und Wissenschaftler*innen der technischen Geb{\"a}udeausr{\"u}stung. Sie greift einen sich abzeichnenden {\"A}nderungsbedarf in der Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Geb{\"a}uden und w{\"a}rmetechnischen Anlagen auf. Der aktuell genutzte nicht erneuerbare Prim{\"a}renergiebedarf wird insbesondere hinsichtlich k{\"u}nftiger politischer Klima- und Umweltschutzziele als alleinige Bewertungsgr{\"o}ße nicht ausreichend sein. Die mit dieser Arbeit vorgestellte {\"O}koeffizienzbewertungsmethode kann als geeignetes Instrument zur L{\"o}sung der Probleme beitragen. Sie erm{\"o}glicht systematische, ganzheitliche Bewertungen und reproduzierbare Vergleiche w{\"a}rmetechnischer Anlagen bez{\"u}glich ihrer {\"o}kologischen und {\"o}konomischen Nachhaltigkeit. Die wesentlichsten Neuentwicklungen sind die spezifische Umweltleistung, in Erweiterung zum genutzten Prim{\"a}renergiefaktor, und der {\"O}koeffizienzindikator UWI.},
  subject      = {Energiewirtschaft},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LondongBarthSoebke,
  author    = {Londong, J{\"o}rg and Barth, Marcus and S{\"o}bke, Heinrich},
  title     = {Modeling and Simulation of Source Separation in Sanitation Systems for Reducing Emissions of Antimicrobial Resistances},
  series = {Water},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {Water},
  number    = {Volume 13, issue 23, article 3342},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/w13233342},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20211202-45338},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  abstract  = {Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to public health worldwide. In addition to public health, AMR also poses a major threat to food security and economic development. Current sanitation systems contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR and lack effective AMR mitigation measures. This study assesses source separation of blackwater as a mitigation measure against AMR. A source-separation-modified combined sanitation system with separate collection of blackwater and graywater is conceptually described. Measures taken at the source, such as the separate collection and discharge of material flows, were not considered so far on a load balance basis, i.e., they have not yet been evaluated for their effectiveness. The sanitation system described is compared with a combined system and a separate system regarding AMR emissions by means of simulation. AMR is represented in the simulation model by one proxy parameter each for antibiotics (sulfamethoxa-zole), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli), and antibiotic re-sistance genes (blaTEM). The simulation results suggest that the source-separation-based sanitation system reduces emissions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes into the aquatic environment by more than six logarithm steps compared to combined systems. Sulfa-methoxazole emissions can be reduced by 75.5\% by keeping blackwater separate from graywater and treating it sufficiently. In summary, sanitation systems incorporating source separation are, to date, among the most effective means of preventing the emission of AMR into the aquatic envi-ronment.},
  subject      = {Abwasser},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ren,
  author    = {Ren, Huilong},
  title     = {Dual-horizon peridynamics and Nonlocal operator method},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4403},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210412-44039},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {223},
  abstract  = {In the last two decades, Peridynamics (PD) attracts much attention in the field of fracture mechanics. One key feature of PD is the nonlocality, which is quite different from the ideas in conventional methods such as FEM and meshless method. However, conventional PD suffers from problems such as constant horizon, explicit algorithm, hourglass mode. In this thesis, by examining the nonlocality with scrutiny, we proposed several new concepts such as dual-horizon (DH) in PD, dual-support (DS) in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), nonlocal operators and operator energy functional. The conventional PD (SPH) is incorporated in the DH-PD (DS-SPH), which can adopt an inhomogeneous discretization and inhomogeneous support domains. The DH-PD (DS-SPH) can be viewed as some fundamental improvement on the conventional PD (SPH). Dual formulation of PD and SPH allows h-adaptivity while satisfying the conservations of linear momentum, angular momentum and energy. By developing the concept of nonlocality further, we introduced the nonlocal operator method as a generalization of DH-PD. Combined with energy functional of various physical models, the nonlocal forms based on dual-support concept are derived. In addition, the variation of the energy functional allows implicit formulation of the nonlocal theory. At last, we developed the higher order nonlocal operator method which is capable of solving higher order partial differential equations on arbitrary domain in higher dimensional space. Since the concepts are developed gradually, we described our findings chronologically. In chapter 2, we developed a DH-PD formulation that includes varying horizon sizes and solves the "ghost force" issue. The concept of dual-horizon considers the unbalanced interactions between the particles with different horizon sizes. The present formulation fulfills both the balances of linear momentum and angular momentum exactly with arbitrary particle discretization. All three peridynamic formulations, namely bond based, ordinary state based and non-ordinary state based peridynamics can be implemented within the DH-PD framework. A simple adaptive refinement procedure (h-adaptivity) is proposed reducing the computational cost. Both two- and three- dimensional examples including the Kalthoff-Winkler experiment and plate with branching cracks are tested to demonstrate the capability of the method. In chapter 3, a nonlocal operator method (NOM) based on the variational principle is proposed for the solution of waveguide problem in computational electromagnetic field. Common differential operators as well as the variational forms are defined within the context of nonlocal operators. The present nonlocal formulation allows the assembling of the tangent stiffness matrix with ease, which is necessary for the eigenvalue analysis of the waveguide problem. The present formulation is applied to solve 1D Schrodinger equation, 2D electrostatic problem and the differential electromagnetic vector wave equations based on electric fields. In chapter 4, a general nonlocal operator method is proposed which is applicable for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) of mechanical problems. The nonlocal operator can be regarded as the integral form, ``equivalent'' to the differential form in the sense of a nonlocal interaction model. The variation of a nonlocal operator plays an equivalent role as the derivatives of the shape functions in the meshless methods or those of the finite element method. Based on the variational principle, the residual and the tangent stiffness matrix can be obtained with ease. The nonlocal operator method is enhanced here also with an operator energy functional to satisfy the linear consistency of the field. A highlight of the present method is the functional derived based on the nonlocal operator can convert the construction of residual and stiffness matrix into a series of matrix multiplications using the predefined nonlocal operators. The nonlocal strong forms of different functionals can be obtained easily via the concept of support and dual-support. Several numerical examples of different types of PDEs are presented. In chapter 5, we extended the NOM to higher order scheme by using a higher order Taylor series expansion of the unknown field. Such a higher order scheme improves the original NOM in chapter 3 and chapter 4, which can only achieve one-order convergence. The higher order NOM obtains all partial derivatives with specified maximal order simultaneously without resorting to shape functions. The functional based on the nonlocal operators converts the construction of residual and stiffness matrix into a series of matrix multiplication on the nonlocal operator matrix. Several numerical examples solved by strong form or weak form are presented to show the capabilities of this method. In chapter 6, the NOM proposed as a particle-based method in chapter 3,4,5, has difficulty in imposing accurately the boundary conditions of various orders. In this paper, we converted the particle-based NOM into a scheme with interpolation property. The new scheme describes partial derivatives of various orders at a point by the nodes in the support and takes advantage of the background mesh for numerical integration. The boundary conditions are enforced via the modified variational principle. The particle-based NOM can be viewed a special case of NOM with interpolation property when nodal integration is used. The scheme based on numerical integration greatly improves the stability of the method, as a consequence, the operator energy functional in particle-based NOM is not required. We demonstrated the capabilities of current method by solving the gradient solid problems and comparing the numerical results with the available exact solutions. In chapter 7, we derived the DS-SPH in solid within the framework of variational principle. The tangent stiffness matrix of SPH can be obtained with ease, and can be served as the basis for the present implicit SPH. We proposed an hourglass energy functional, which allows the direct derivation of hourglass force and hourglass tangent stiffness matrix. The dual-support is {involved} in all derivations based on variational principles and is automatically satisfied in the assembling of stiffness matrix. The implementation of stiffness matrix comprises with two steps, the nodal assembly based on deformation gradient and global assembly on all nodes. Several numerical examples are presented to validate the method.},
  subject      = {Peridynamik},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Mueller,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Matthias},
  title     = {Frost-Tausalz-Angriff auf Beton - Neue Erkenntnisse zum Schadensmechanismus},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4502},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210922-45025},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {226},
  abstract  = {F{\"u}r die Verminderung der betonspezifischen CO2-Emissionen wird ein verst{\"a}rkter Einsatz klinkerreduzierter Zemente bzw. Betone angestrebt. Die Reduzierung des Klinkergehaltes darf jedoch nicht zu einer lebensdauerrelevanten Beeintr{\"a}chtigung der Betondauerhaftigkeit f{\"u}hren. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt der Frost-Tausalz-Widerstand eine kritische Gr{\"o}ße dar, da er bei h{\"o}heren Klinkersubstitutionsraten h{\"a}ufig negativ beeinflusst wird. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass f{\"u}r klinkerreduzierte Betone nur ein unzureichender Erfahrungsschatz vorliegt. Ein hoher Frost-Tausalz-Widerstand kann daher nicht ausschließlich anhand deskriptiver Vorgaben gew{\"a}hrleistet werden. Demgem{\"a}ß sollte perspektivisch auch f{\"u}r frost-tausalzbeanspruchte Bauteile eine performancebasierte Lebensdauerbetrachtung erfolgen. Eine unverzichtbare Grundlage f{\"u}r das Erreichen dieser Ziele ist ein Verst{\"a}ndnis f{\"u}r die Schadensvorg{\"a}nge beim Frost-Tausalz-Angriff. Der Forschungsstand ist jedoch gepr{\"a}gt von widerspr{\"u}chlichen Schadenstheorien. Somit wurde als Zielstellung f{\"u}r diese Arbeit abgeleitet, die existierenden Schadenstheorien unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des aktuellen Wissensstandes zu bewerten und mit eigenen Untersuchungen zu pr{\"u}fen und einzuordnen. Die Sichtung des Forschungsstandes zeigte, dass nur zwei Theorien das Potential haben, den Frost-Tausalz-Angriff umfassend abzubilden - die Glue Spall Theorie und die Cryogenic Suction Theorie. Die Glue Spall Theorie f{\"u}hrt die Entstehung von Abwitterungen auf die mechanische Sch{\"a}digung der Betonoberfl{\"a}che durch eine anhaftende Eisschicht zur{\"u}ck. Dabei sollen nur bei moderaten Tausalzkonzentrationen in der einwirkenden L{\"o}sung kritische Spannungszust{\"a}nde in der Eisschicht auftreten, die eine Sch{\"a}digung der Betonoberfl{\"a}che hervorrufen k{\"o}nnen. In dieser Arbeit konnte jedoch nachgewiesen werden, dass starke Abwitterungen auch bei Tausalz¬konzentrationen auftreten, bei denen eine mechanische Sch{\"a}digung des Betons durch das Eis auszuschließen ist. Damit wurde die fehlende Eignung der Glue Spall Theorie aufgezeigt. Die Cryogenic Suction Theorie fußt auf den eutektischen Eigenschaften von Tausalz-l{\"o}sungen, die im gefrorenen Zustand immer als Mischung auf festem Wassereis und fl{\"u}ssiger, hochkonzentrierter Salzl{\"o}sung bestehen, solange ihre Eutektikumstemperatur nicht unter¬schritten wird. Die fl{\"u}ssige Phase im salzhaltigen Eis stellt f{\"u}r gefrorenen Beton ein bisher nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigtes Fl{\"u}ssigkeitsreservoir dar, welches trotz der hohen Salzkonzentration die Eisbildung in der Betonrandzone verst{\"a}rken und so die Entstehung von Abwitterungen verursachen soll. In dieser Arbeit wurde best{\"a}tigt, dass die Eisbildung im Zementstein beim Gefrieren in hochkonzentrierter Tausalzl{\"o}sung tats{\"a}chlich verst{\"a}rkt wird. Das Ausmaß der zus{\"a}tzlichen Eisbildung wurde dabei auch von der F{\"a}higkeit des Zementsteins zur Bindung von Chloridionen aus der Tausalzl{\"o}sung beeinflusst. Zusammenfassend wurde festgestellt, dass die Cryogenic Suction Theorie eine gute Beschreibung des Frost-Tausalz-Angriffes darstellt, aber um weitere Aspekte erg{\"a}nzt werden muss. Die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der intensiven S{\"a}ttigung von Beton durch den Prozess der Mikroeislinsenpumpe stellt hier die wichtigste Erweiterung dar. Basierend auf dieser {\"U}berlegung wurde eine kombinierte Schadenstheorie aufgestellt. Wichtige Annahmen dieser Theorie konnten experimentell best{\"a}tigt werden. Im Ergebnis wurde so die Grundlage f{\"u}r ein tiefergehendes Verst{\"a}ndnis des Frost-Tausalz-Angriffes geschaffen. Zudem wurde ein neuer Ansatz identifiziert, um die (potentielle) Verringerung des Frost-Tausalz-Widerstandes klinkerreduzierter Betone zu erkl{\"a}ren.},
  subject      = {Beton},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Fauth,
  author    = {Fauth, Judith},
  title     = {Ein handlungsorientiertes Entscheidungsmodell zur Feststellung der Genehmigungsf{\"a}higkeit von Bauvorhaben},
  publisher = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}tsverlag},
  address   = {Ilmtal-Weinstraße},
  isbn      = {978-3-95773-299-6},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4509},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210928-45093},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {318},
  abstract  = {Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Digitalisierung ist in den letzten Jahren in den Medien, auf Konferenzen und in Aussch{\"u}ssen der Bau- und Immobilienbranche angekommen. W{\"a}hrend manche Bereiche Neuerungen hervorbringen und einige Akteure als Pioniere zu bezeichnen sind, weisen andere Themen noch Defizite hinsichtlich der digitalen Transformation auf. Zu dieser Kategorie kann auch das Baugenehmigungsverfahren gez{\"a}hlt werden. Unabh{\"a}ngig davon, wie Architekten und Ingenieure in den Planungsb{\"u}ros auf innovative Methoden setzen, bleiben die Bauvorlagen bisher zuhauf in Papierform oder werden nach der elektronischen Einreichung in der Beh{\"o}rde ausgedruckt. Vorhandene Ressourcen, beispielsweise in Form eines Bauwerksinformationsmodells, die Unterst{\"u}tzung bei der Baugenehmigungsfeststellung bieten k{\"o}nnen, werden nicht ausgesch{\"o}pft. Um mit digitalen Werkzeugen eine Entscheidungshilfe f{\"u}r die Baugenehmigungsbeh{\"o}rden zu erarbeiten, ist es notwendig, den Ist-Zustand zu verstehen und Gegebenheiten zu hinterfragen, bevor eine Gesamtautomatisierung der innerbeh{\"o}rdlichen Vorg{\"a}nge als alleinige L{\"o}sung zu verfolgen ist. Mit einer inhaltlich-organisatorischen Betrachtung der relevanten Bereiche, die Einfluss auf die Baugenehmigungsfeststellung nehmen, wird eine Optimierung des Baugenehmigungsverfahrens in den Beh{\"o}rden angestrebt. Es werden die komplexen Bereiche, wie die Gesetzeslage, der Einsatz von Technologie aber auch die subjektiven Handlungsalternativen, ermittelt und strukturiert. Mit der Entwicklung eines Modells zur Feststellung der Baugenehmigungsf{\"a}higkeit wird sowohl ein Verst{\"a}ndnis f{\"u}r Einflussfaktoren vermittelt als auch eine Transparenzsteigerung f{\"u}r alle Beteiligten geschaffen. Neben einer internationalen Literaturrecherche diente eine empirische Studie als Untersuchungsmethode. Die empirische Studie wurde in Form von qualitativen Experteninterviews durchgef{\"u}hrt, um den Ist-Zustand im Bereich der Baugenehmigungsverfahren festzustellen. Das erhobene Datenmaterial wurde aufbereitet und anschließend einer softwaregest{\"u}tzten Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen. Die Ergebnisse wurden in Kombination mit den Erkenntnissen der Literaturrecherche in verschiedenen Analysen als Modellgrundlage aufgearbeitet. Ergebnis der Untersuchung stellt ein Entscheidungsmodell dar, welches eine L{\"u}cke zwischen den gegenw{\"a}rtigen Abl{\"a}ufen in den Baubeh{\"o}rden und einer Gesamtautomatisierung der Baugenehmigungspr{\"u}fung schließt. Die prozessorientierte Strukturierung entscheidungsrelevanter Sachverhalte im Modell erm{\"o}glicht eine Unterst{\"u}tzung bei der Baugenehmigungsfeststellung f{\"u}r Pr{\"u}fer und Antragsteller. Das theoretische Modell konnte in Form einer Webanwendung in die Praxis {\"u}bertragen werden.},
  subject      = {Baugenehmigung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Hoerold,
  author    = {H{\"o}rold, Stefan},
  title     = {Leistungsbezogene Musterjahresganglinien f{\"u}r den Straßenbetriebsdienst},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4491},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210830-44910},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {124},
  abstract  = {In den letzten Jahrzehnten unterlag der Straßenbetriebsdienst tiefgreifenden Ver{\"a}nderungen. Diese Ver{\"a}nderungen schließt auch die betriebliche Steuerungsphilosophie ein, um eine planungsrationale und {\"o}konomische Gestaltung des Straßenbetriebsdienstes zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Dabei erfolgt eine verbindliche Vorgabe der Leistungsinhalte und -umf{\"a}nge und erm{\"o}glicht eine Budgetierung f{\"u}r das vorgesehene Jahresarbeitsprogramm. Ziel der Untersuchung ist die Entwicklung eines Modells f{\"u}r die Ermittlung von leistungsbezogenen Musterjahresganglinien zur Unterst{\"u}tzung der Jahresarbeitsplanung. Daf{\"u}r lagen f{\"u}r jede Leistung des Leistungsbereiches „Gr{\"u}npflege" jeweils 260 einzelne Jahresganglinien vor. Im Ergebnis der Untersuchung wird die leistungsbezogene Musterjahresganglinie in vier Schritten ermittelt. Im ersten Schritt erfolgt die Pr{\"u}fung der Datenqualit{\"a}t; im zweiten Schritt eine Korrelationsanalyse; im dritten Schritt die fachliche {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Leistungsauspr{\"a}gung und im vierten Schritt die Ermittlung der leistungsbezogenen Musterjahresganglinie aus den verbliebenen leistungsbezogenen Jahresganglinien.},
  subject      = {Straßenbetriebsdienst},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Fauth,
  author    = {Fauth, Judith},
  title     = {A process-oriented decision model for determining the permitability of construction projects},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4602},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20220309-46020},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {325},
  abstract  = {In recent years, the discussion of digitalization has arrived in the media, at conferences, and in committees of the construction and real estate industry. While some areas are producing innovations and some contributors can be described as pioneers, other topics still show deficits with regard to digital transformation. The building permit process can also be counted in this category. Regardless of how architects and engineers in planning offices rely on innovative methods, building documents have so far remained in paper form in too many cases, or are printed out after electronic submission to the authority. Existing resources - for example in the form of a building information model, which could provide support in the building permit process - are not being taken advantage of. In order to use digital tools to support decision-making by the building permit authorities, it is necessary to understand the current situation and to question conditions before pursuing the overall automation of internal authority processes as the sole solution. With a substantive-organizational consideration of the relevant areas that influence building permit determination, an improvement of the building permit procedure within authorities is proposed. Complex areas - such as legal situations, the use of technology, as well as the subjective alternative action - are determined and structured. With the development of a model for the determination of building permitability, both an understanding of influencing factors is conveyed and an increase in transparency for all parties involved is created. In addition to an international literature review, an empirical study served as the research method. The empirical study was conducted in the form of qualitative expert interviews in order to determine the current state in the field of building permit procedures. The collected data material was processed and subsequently subjected to a software-supported content analysis. The results were processed, in combination with findings from the literature review, in various analyses to form the basis for a proposed model. The result of the study is a decision model that closes the gap between the current processes within the building authorities and an overall automation of the building permit review process. The model offers support to examiners and applicants in determining building permit eligibility, through its process-oriented structuring of decision-relevant facts. The theoretical model could be transferred into practice in the form of a web application.},
  subject      = {Baugenehmigung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Chawdhury,
  author    = {Chawdhury, Samir},
  title     = {Partitioned Algorithms using Vortex Particle Methods for Fluid-Structure Interaction of Thin-walled Flexible Structures},
  publisher = {arts + science weimar GmbH},
  address   = {Weimar},
  isbn      = {978-3-95773-297-2},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.6404},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20230703-64042},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {256},
  abstract  = {Structures under wind action can exhibit various aeroelastic interaction phenomena, which can lead to destructive and catastrophic events. Such unstable interaction can be beneficially used for small-scale aeroelastic energy harvesting. Proper understanding and prediction of fluid-structure interactions (FSI) phenomena are therefore crucial in many engineering fields. This research intends to develop coupled FSI models to extend the applicability of Vortex Particle Methods (VPM) for numerically analysing the complex FSI of thin-walled flexible structures under steady and fluctuating incoming flows. In this context, the flow around deforming thin bodies is analysed using the two-dimensional and pseudo-three-dimensional implementations of VPM. The structural behaviour is modelled and analysed using the Finite Element Method. The partitioned coupling approach is considered because of the flexibility of using different mathematical procedures for solving fluid and solid mechanics. The developed coupled models are validated with several benchmark FSI problems in the literature. Finally, the models are applied to several fundamental and application field of FSI problems of different thin-walled flexible structures irrespective of their size.},
  subject      = {Windenergie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Shamskooshki,
  author    = {Shamskooshki, Hanieh},
  title     = {Perception of Socio-Spatial Segregation: The Interaction of Physical and Social Urban Space-Study case of Tehran Neighborhoods},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4466},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210802-44666},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  abstract  = {"How to understand the interaction between urban space and social processes" is a significant question in urban studies. To answer that, the city needs to be recognized as both a physical and a social entity and urban theory and practice need to connect these (Hillier 2007). The present research aims to re-examine the complex correlation between spatial and social inequality manifestations in the city of Tehran regarding the concept of segregation. It observes the causes and consequences of segregation in Tehran and provides an insight into both concepts of socio-spatial segregation and neighborhood effects and creates a link between them. First, I argue when, where, and for whom spatial locations affect the chances of social networks in Tehran. Then, I discuss how neighborhood effects can emerge via social network mechanisms and thus affect the perceptions of residents in the neighborhoods.},
  subject      = {Soziales Netzwerk},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Alkam,
  author    = {Alkam, Feras},
  title     = {Vibration-based Monitoring of Concrete Catenary Poles using Bayesian Inference},
  volume    = {2021},
  publisher = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}tsverlag},
  address   = {Weimar},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4433},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210526-44338},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {177},
  abstract  = {This work presents a robust status monitoring approach for detecting damage in cantilever structures based on logistic functions. Also, a stochastic damage identification approach based on changes of eigenfrequencies is proposed. The proposed algorithms are verified using catenary poles of electrified railways track. The proposed damage features overcome the limitation of frequency-based damage identification methods available in the literature, which are valid to detect damage in structures to Level 1 only. Changes in eigenfrequencies of cantilever structures are enough to identify possible local damage at Level 3, i.e., to cover damage detection, localization, and quantification. The proposed algorithms identified the damage with relatively small errors, even at a high noise level.},
  subject      = {Parameteridentifikation},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Goswami,
  author    = {Goswami, Somdatta},
  title     = {Phase field modeling of fracture with isogeometric analysis and machine learning methods},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4384},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210304-43841},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {168},
  abstract  = {This thesis presents the advances and applications of phase field modeling in fracture analysis. In this approach, the sharp crack surface topology in a solid is approximated by a diffusive crack zone governed by a scalar auxiliary variable. The uniqueness of phase field modeling is that the crack paths are automatically determined as part of the solution and no interface tracking is required. The damage parameter varies continuously over the domain. But this flexibility comes with associated difficulties: (1) a very fine spatial discretization is required to represent sharp local gradients correctly; (2) fine discretization results in high computational cost; (3) computation of higher-order derivatives for improved convergence rates and (4) curse of dimensionality in conventional numerical integration techniques. As a consequence, the practical applicability of phase field models is severely limited. The research presented in this thesis addresses the difficulties of the conventional numerical integration techniques for phase field modeling in quasi-static brittle fracture analysis. The first method relies on polynomial splines over hierarchical T-meshes (PHT-splines) in the framework of isogeometric analysis (IGA). An adaptive h-refinement scheme is developed based on the variational energy formulation of phase field modeling. The fourth-order phase field model provides increased regularity in the exact solution of the phase field equation and improved convergence rates for numerical solutions on a coarser discretization, compared to the second-order model. However, second-order derivatives of the phase field are required in the fourth-order model. Hence, at least a minimum of C1 continuous basis functions are essential, which is achieved using hierarchical cubic B-splines in IGA. PHT-splines enable the refinement to remain local at singularities and high gradients, consequently reducing the computational cost greatly. Unfortunately, when modeling complex geometries, multiple parameter spaces (patches) are joined together to describe the physical domain and there is typically a loss of continuity at the patch boundaries. This decrease of smoothness is dictated by the geometry description, where C0 parameterizations are normally used to deal with kinks and corners in the domain. Hence, the application of the fourth-order model is severely restricted. To overcome the high computational cost for the second-order model, we develop a dual-mesh adaptive h-refinement approach. This approach uses a coarser discretization for the elastic field and a finer discretization for the phase field. Independent refinement strategies have been used for each field. The next contribution is based on physics informed deep neural networks. The network is trained based on the minimization of the variational energy of the system described by general non-linear partial differential equations while respecting any given law of physics, hence the name physics informed neural network (PINN). The developed approach needs only a set of points to define the geometry, contrary to the conventional mesh-based discretization techniques. The concept of `transfer learning' is integrated with the developed PINN approach to improve the computational efficiency of the network at each displacement step. This approach allows a numerically stable crack growth even with larger displacement steps. An adaptive h-refinement scheme based on the generation of more quadrature points in the damage zone is developed in this framework. For all the developed methods, displacement-controlled loading is considered. The accuracy and the efficiency of both methods are studied numerically showing that the developed methods are powerful and computationally efficient tools for accurately predicting fractures.},
  subject      = {Phasenfeldmodell},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bianco,
  author    = {Bianco, Marcelo Jos{\´e}},
  title     = {Coupling between Shell and Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) elements},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4391},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210315-43914},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {265},
  abstract  = {In the last decades, Finite Element Method has become the main method in statics and dynamics analysis in engineering practice. For current problems, this method provides a faster, more flexible solution than the analytic approach. Prognoses of complex engineer problems that used to be almost impossible to solve are now feasible. Although the finite element method is a robust tool, it leads to new questions about engineering solutions. Among these new problems, it is possible to divide into two major groups: the first group is regarding computer performance; the second one is related to understanding the digital solution. Simultaneously with the development of the finite element method for numerical solutions, a theory between beam theory and shell theory was developed: Generalized Beam Theory, GBT. This theory has not only a systematic and analytical clear presentation of complicated structural problems, but also a compact and elegant calculation approach that can improve computer performance. Regrettably, GBT was not internationally known since the most publications of this theory were written in German, especially in the first years. Only in recent years, GBT has gradually become a fertile research topic, with developments from linear to non-linear analysis. Another reason for the misuse of GBT is the isolated application of the theory. Although recently researches apply finite element method to solve the GBT's problems numerically, the coupling between finite elements of GBT and other theories (shell, solid, etc) is not the subject of previous research. Thus, the main goal of this dissertation is the coupling between GBT and shell/membrane elements. Consequently, one achieves the benefits of both sides: the versatility of shell elements with the high performance of GBT elements. Based on the assumptions of GBT, this dissertation presents how the separation of variables leads to two calculation's domains of a beam structure: a cross-section modal analysis and the longitudinal amplification axis. Therefore, there is the possibility of applying the finite element method not only in the cross-section analysis, but also the development for an exact GBT's finite element in the longitudinal direction. For the cross-section analysis, this dissertation presents the solution of the quadratic eigenvalue problem with an original separation between plate and membrane mechanism. Subsequently, one obtains a clearer representation of the deformation mode, as well as a reduced quadratic eigenvalue problem. Concerning the longitudinal direction, this dissertation develops the novel exact elements, based on hyperbolic and trigonometric shape functions. Although these functions do not have trivial expressions, they provide a recursive procedure that allows periodic derivatives to systematise the development of stiffness matrices. Also, these shape functions enable a single-element discretisation of the beam structure and ensure a smooth stress field. From these developments, this dissertation achieves the formulation of its primary objective: the connection of GBT and shell elements in a mixed model. Based on the displacement field, it is possible to define the coupling equations applied in the master-slave method. Therefore, one can model the structural connections and joints with finite shell elements and the structural beams and columns with GBT finite element. As a side effect, the coupling equations limit the displacement field of the shell elements under the assumptions of GBT, in particular in the neighbourhood of the coupling cross-section. Although these side effects are almost unnoticeable in linear analysis, they lead to cumulative errors in non-linear analysis. Therefore, this thesis finishes with the evaluation of the mixed GBT-shell models in non-linear analysis.},
  subject      = {Biegetheorie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bielik,
  author    = {Bielik, Martin},
  title     = {FORM-ACTIVITY-MOVEMENT INTERACTION MODEL},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4397},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210407-43970},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {269},
  abstract  = {This dissertation investigates the interactions between urban form, allocation of activities, and pedestrian movement in the context of urban planning. The ability to assess the long-term impact of urban planning decisions on what people do and how they get there is of central importance, with various disciplines addressing this topic. This study focuses on approaches proposed by urban morphologists, urban economists, and transportation planners, each aiming the attention at a different part of the form-activity-movement interaction. Even though there is no doubt about the advantages of these highly focused approaches, it remains unclear what is the cost of ignoring the effect of some interactions while considering others. The general aim of this dissertation is to empirically test the validity of the individual models and quantify the impact of this isolationist approach on their precision and bias. For this purpose, we propose a joined form-activity-movement interaction model and conduct an empirical study in Weimar, Germany. We estimate how the urban form and activities affect movement as well as how movement and urban form affect activities. By estimating these effects in isolation and simultaneously, we assess the bias of the individual models. On the one hand, the empirical study results confirm the significance of all interactions suggested by the individual models. On the other hand, we were able to show that when these interactions are estimated in isolation, the resulting predictions are biased. To conclude, we do not question the knowledge brought by transportation planners, urban morphologists, and urban economists. However, we argue that it might be of little use on its own. We see the relevance of this study as being twofold. On the one hand, we proposed a novel methodological framework for the simultaneous estimation of the form-activity-movement interactions. On the other hand, we provide empirical evidence about the strengths and limitations of current approaches.},
  subject      = {Stadtplanung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LashkarAraKalantariSheikhKhozanietal.,
  author    = {Lashkar-Ara, Babak and Kalantari, Niloofar and Sheikh Khozani, Zohreh and Mosavi, Amir},
  title     = {Assessing Machine Learning versus a Mathematical Model to Estimate the Transverse Shear Stress Distribution in a Rectangular Channel},
  series = {Mathematics},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {Mathematics},
  number    = {Volume 9, Issue 6, Article 596},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/math9060596},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210504-44197},
  pages     = {15},
  abstract  = {One of the most important subjects of hydraulic engineering is the reliable estimation of the transverse distribution in the rectangular channel of bed and wall shear stresses. This study makes use of the Tsallis entropy, genetic programming (GP) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methods to assess the shear stress distribution (SSD) in the rectangular channel. To evaluate the results of the Tsallis entropy, GP and ANFIS models, laboratory observations were used in which shear stress was measured using an optimized Preston tube. This is then used to measure the SSD in various aspect ratios in the rectangular channel. To investigate the shear stress percentage, 10 data series with a total of 112 different data for were used. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the most influential parameter for the SSD in smooth rectangular channel is the dimensionless parameter B/H, Where the transverse coordinate is B, and the flow depth is H. With the parameters (b/B), (B/H) for the bed and (z/H), (B/H) for the wall as inputs, the modeling of the GP was better than the other one. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the use of GP and ANFIS algorithms is more effective in estimating shear stress in smooth rectangular channels than the Tsallis entropy-based equations.},
  subject      = {Maschinelles Lernen},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Sproete,
  author    = {Spr{\"o}te, Daniel},
  title     = {Immobilienportfoliomanagement {\"o}ffentlicher musealer Schl{\"o}sserverwaltungen - Daten zur Investitionssteuerung},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4426},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210510-44260},
  school      = {Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar},
  pages     = {220},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeit leistet einen wissenschaftlichen Beitrag zur Erforschung der Einsatzm{\"o}glichkeiten eines Immobilienportfoliomanagements f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliche museale Schl{\"o}sserverwaltungen in Deutschland. Insbesondere wird ein f{\"u}r deren Organisation spezifisches Modell zur Investitionssteuerung herausgearbeitet und dessen Anwendbarkeit in der Praxis mit Experten diskutiert.},
  subject      = {Unbewegliche Sache},
  language  = {de}
}
@unpublished{KhosraviSheikhKhozaniCooper,
  author    = {Khosravi, Khabat and Sheikh Khozani, Zohreh and Cooper, James R.},
  title     = {Predicting stable gravel-bed river hydraulic geometry: A test of novel, advanced, hybrid data mining algorithms},
  volume    = {2021},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4499},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20211004-44998},
  abstract  = {Accurate prediction of stable alluvial hydraulic geometry, in which erosion and sedimentation are in equilibrium, is one of the most difficult but critical topics in the field of river engineering. Data mining algorithms have been gaining more attention in this field due to their high performance and flexibility. However, an understanding of the potential for these algorithms to provide fast, cheap, and accurate predictions of hydraulic geometry is lacking. This study provides the first quantification of this potential. Using at-a-station field data, predictions of flow depth, water-surface width and longitudinal water surface slope are made using three standalone data mining techniques -, Instance-based Learning (IBK), KStar, Locally Weighted Learning (LWL) - along with four types of novel hybrid algorithms in which the standalone models are trained with Vote, Attribute Selected Classifier (ASC), Regression by Discretization (RBD), and Cross-validation Parameter Selection (CVPS) algorithms (Vote-IBK, Vote-Kstar, Vote-LWL, ASC-IBK, ASC-Kstar, ASC-LWL, RBD-IBK, RBD-Kstar, RBD-LWL, CVPSIBK, CVPS-Kstar, CVPS-LWL). Through a comparison of their predictive performance and a sensitivity analysis of the driving variables, the results reveal: (1) Shield stress was the most effective parameter in the prediction of all geometry dimensions; (2) hybrid models had a higher prediction power than standalone data mining models, empirical equations and traditional machine learning algorithms; (3) Vote-Kstar model had the highest performance in predicting depth and width, and ASC-Kstar in estimating slope, each providing very good prediction performance. Through these algorithms, the hydraulic geometry of any river can potentially be predicted accurately and with ease using just a few, readily available flow and channel parameters. Thus, the results reveal that these models have great potential for use in stable channel design in data poor catchments, especially in developing nations where technical modelling skills and understanding of the hydraulic and sediment processes occurring in the river system may be lacking.},
  subject      = {Maschinelles Lernen},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{SheikhKhozaniKumbhakar,
  author    = {Sheikh Khozani, Zohreh and Kumbhakar, Manotosh},
  title     = {Discussion of "Estimation of one-dimensional velocity distribution by measuring velocity at two points" by Yeganeh and Heidari (2020)},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4366},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210216-43663},
  abstract  = {The concept of information entropy together with the principle of maximum entropy to open channel flow is essentially based on some physical consideration of the problem under consideration. This paper is a discussion on Yeganeh and Heidari (2020)'s paper, who proposed a new approach for measuring vertical distribution of streamwise velocity in open channels. The discussers argue that their approach is conceptually incorrect and thus leads to a physically unrealistic situation. In addition, the discussers found some wrong mathematical expressions (which are assumed to be typos) written in the paper, and also point out that the authors did not cite some of the original papers on the topic.},
  subject      = {Geschwindigkeit},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{KhosraviSheikhKhozaniMao,
  author    = {Khosravi, Khabat and Sheikh Khozani, Zohreh and Mao, Luka},
  title     = {A comparison between advanced hybrid machine learning algorithms and empirical equations applied to abutment scour depth prediction},
  doi       = {10.25643/bauhaus-universitaet.4388},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20210311-43889},
  pages     = {43},
  abstract  = {Complex vortex flow patterns around bridge piers, especially during floods, cause scour process that can result in the failure of foundations. Abutment scour is a complex three-dimensional phenomenon that is difficult to predict especially with traditional formulas obtained using empirical approaches such as regressions. This paper presents a test of a standalone Kstar model with five novel hybrid algorithm of bagging (BA-Kstar), dagging (DA-Kstar), random committee (RC-Kstar), random subspace (RS-Kstar), and weighted instance handler wrapper (WIHWKstar) to predict scour depth (ds) for clear water condition. The dataset consists of 99 scour depth data from flume experiments (Dey and Barbhuiya, 2005) using abutment shapes such as vertical, semicircular and 45◦ wing. Four dimensionless parameter of relative flow depth (h/l), excess abutment Froude number (Fe), relative sediment size (d50/l) and relative submergence (d50/h) were considered for the prediction of relative scour depth (ds/l). A portion of the dataset was used for the calibration (70\%), and the remaining used for model validation. Pearson correlation coefficients helped deciding relevance of the input parameters combination and finally four different combinations of input parameters were used. The performance of the models was assessed visually and with quantitative metrics. Overall, the best input combination for vertical abutment shape is the combination of Fe, d50/l and h/l, while for semicircular and 45◦ wing the combination of the Fe and d50/l is the most effective input parameter combination. Our results show that incorporating Fe, d50/l and h/l lead to higher performance while involving d50/h reduced the models prediction power for vertical abutment shape and for semicircular and 45◦ wing involving h/l and d50/h lead to more error. The WIHW-Kstar provided the highest performance in scour depth prediction around vertical abutment shape while RC-Kstar model outperform of other models for scour depth prediction around semicircular and 45◦ wing.},
  subject      = {maschinelles Lernen},
  language  = {en}
}